Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) thermal barrier coatings

LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) were applied to carbon steels with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by plasma spraying. The effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) TBCs were investigated in 3.5wt% Na Cl solution using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results show that a large number of cracks are found in the LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) TBCs after the samples are heat-treated, including some through-thickness cracks. The corrosion forms of the as-sprayed and heat-treated TBCs are uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion, respectively. The as-sprayed TBCs exhibit three EIS time constants after being immersed for less than 7 d, and then a new time constant appears because of steel substrate corrosion. When the immersion time is increased to 56 d, a Warburg impedance(W) component appears in the EIS data. The EIS data for the heat-treated TBCs exhibit only two time constants after the samples are immersed for less than 14 d, and a new time constant appears when the immersion time is increased further. The heat treatment reduces the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) TBCs. The corrosion products are primarily γ-Fe OOH and Fe3O4.     

热辐射对双陶瓷层热障涂层的隔热影响

基于热传导、热对流和热辐射理论建立了双陶瓷层热障涂层不透明和半透明物理模型,采用有限元ANSYS软件模拟了稳态温度场.双陶瓷层在不透明时,顶层厚度增加,顶层上表面温度线性增加,第二层和黏结层上表面温度线性降低.在半透明性弱时,与不透明情况类似.在半透明性强时,顶层上表面温度略低于不透明时,第二层上表面温度高于不透明时,黏结层上表面温度先快速后缓慢降低再保持不变,且远高于不透明时.     

Zn-陶瓷复合涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

为了进一步提高锌涂层的抗环境腐蚀能力,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,在经过料浆法渗锌后的20钢表面,制备Zn-SiO2/Al2O3复合涂层,通过微细的陶瓷相粉末,充填渗锌表面的孔隙,弥合缺陷,提高符合涂层的抗腐蚀能力,研究了涂层特性,以及涂层抗冲刷腐蚀、抗高温氧化和抗硫化规律。结果表明:在自来水和3.5%的NaCl溶液的介质中,复合涂层有很好的耐冲刷腐蚀的性能;在500℃具有优异的抗高温氧化性能和抗高温硫化性能。复合涂层兼顾了渗锌层和陶瓷涂层的优点,是一种具有良好应用前景的新型复合涂层。     

热处理对硝酸熔盐中347H不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用静态熔盐浸泡实验,研究了不同晶粒度的347H不锈钢在565 ℃混合硝酸熔盐(60%NaNO₃+40%KNO₃)中长达120 h的腐蚀行为.通过增重法绘制腐蚀动力学曲线,并研究347H不锈钢的表面腐蚀产物、物相、腐蚀表面微区成分,解释347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀机理.结果表明:经过固溶处理调控晶粒度的347H不锈钢在熔盐腐蚀中腐蚀速率有所降低,腐蚀动力学曲线变为线性增长趋势.通过XRD检测得到,347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀产物主要是Fe₂O₃和少量的Fe₃O₄及NaFeO₂.Fe₃O₄,结构致密,能有效减小硝酸熔盐对钢基体的腐蚀,导致347H不锈钢在腐蚀后期质量损失有所降低.腐蚀产物形貌和横截面厚度分析结果表明,经过1 160 ℃固溶处理1 h后不锈钢晶粒度达到7级时,腐蚀层厚度达到最低为0.661 μm,此时347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的耐腐蚀性达到最好.     

Microstructure studies of air-plasma-spray-deposited CoNiCrAlY coatings before and after thermal cyclic loading for high-temperature application

In the present study, bond-coats for thermal barrier coatings were deposited via air plasma spraying (APS) techniques onto Inconel 800 and Hastelloy C-276 alloy substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the phases and microstructure of the as-sprayed, APS-deposited CoNiCrAlY bond-coatings. The aim of this work was to study the suitability of the bond-coat materials for high temperature applications. Confirmation of nanoscale grains of the γ/γ′-phase was obtained by TEM, high-resolution TEM, and AFM. We concluded that these changes result from the plastic deformation of the bond-coat during the deposition, resulting in CoNiCrAlY bond-coatings with excellent thermal cyclic resistance suitable for use in high-temperature applications. Cyclic oxidative stability was observed to also depend on the underlying metallic alloy substrate.     

热处理制度对7039铝合金抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、金相显微观察、扫描电镜及透射电镜等分析手段,研究不同热处理制度下7039铝合金的力学性能及其在腐蚀液中浸泡后的腐蚀形貌.结合不同热处理制度后合金的腐蚀形貌与晶界析出相形貌,建立该系列合金晶界析出相形貌与腐蚀形貌的关系的示意模型.结果表明:在保持与T6处理的合金强度相当的基础上,经RRA处理可使抗腐蚀性能明显提高;在腐蚀液中浸泡腐蚀后,T6和RRA处理的合金表面呈成块状剥落腐蚀的现象,T73处理的合金呈点状腐蚀现象;T6处理后合金的纵向和横向最大腐蚀深度分别为378.53μm和31.91μm;T73处理的合金纵向和横向腐蚀深度分别为19.21 μm和8.07 μm:RRA处理的合金纵向和横向腐蚀深度分别为178.15 μm和15.38 μm.     

纳米TiO2对丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂层/碳钢界面的初期失效行为的影响

采用激光电子散斑干涉技术、电化学阻抗技术和扫描电化学显微镜技术实时、动态和原位观测了涂覆丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的碳钢在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡初期的界面腐蚀行为,并对比了纳米TiO2的添加对界面腐蚀行为的影响.在浸泡初期无宏观缺陷存在时,激光电子散斑干涉技术成功检测到涂层界面的微小变化,电化学阻抗技术显示不同涂层低频阻抗膜值的变化情况,均与扫描电化学显微镜技术获得的腐蚀电化学形貌结果一致,即在浸泡初期,未添加纳米TiO2的涂层其界面变化速度(即锈蚀萌生速度)较添加涂层明显得多,表明纳米TiO2可延缓涂层/碳钢的界面失效.     

Evolution of carbides and carbon content in matrix of an ultra-high carbon sintered steel during heat treatment process

DTA, thermal expansion, XRD, and SEM were used to evaluate the effect of quenching temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of a novel sintered steel Fe-6Co-1Ni-5Cr-5Mo-1C. Lattice parameters and the mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched were investigated. It is discovered that the hardness of the steel increases with quenching temperature in the range of 840-900℃ and remains constant in the range of 900 to 1100℃. It decreases rapidly when the temperature is higher than 1100℃. The mass fraction of carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel quenched at 840℃ is 0.38, but when the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, it increases to 0.98. The carbides formed during sintering are still present at grain boundaries and in the matrix of the steel quenched at low quenching temperatures, such as 840℃. When the quenching temperature is increased to 1150℃, most of the carbides at grain boundaries are dissolved with just a small amount of spherical M₂₃C₆ existing in the matrix of the quenched steel.     

高温固相法制备Sm2O3掺杂La2Ce2O7热障涂层材料

以La2 O3、CeO2和Sm2 O3为原料,采用高温固相反应法制备了Sm2 O3部分掺杂La2 Ce2 O7热障涂层陶瓷材料,其化学式为(SmxLa1-x)2Ce2O7.采用X射线衍射法研究了试样的物相结构,并通过对比各实验条件下制备的试样的X射线衍射图谱,对试样的掺杂比例、烧制温度及烧制时间进行了探究.结果表明,所制备试样为萤石结构,当掺杂摩尔比Sm：La为1：2或1：3时试样均能保持良好的相结构,以掺杂摩尔比Sm：La=1：2制备的( Sm0.33 La0.67)2 Ce2 O7材料在1600℃下具有良好的相稳定性,且其最佳制备条件为1550℃下烧制10 h,该材料是一种很有潜力的新型热障涂层陶瓷材料.     

Effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of thermal barrier coatings with HVOF NiCrAlY bond coat

NiCrAlY bond coat was prepared by HVOF (high-velocity oxygen fuel) spray on nickel-based superalloy. Surface treatments like grit-blasting, shot-peening and vacuum treatment methods were carried out in order to study the effects of surface modification on thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. The surface-modified TBCs exhibited better thermal shock resistance. Failure of TBCs with the as-sprayed bond coat occurred within the top coat and at the interface between spinels and the top coat, while that of after shot-peening, grit-blasting and vacuum treatment occurred mainly within the top coat. TGO (thermally grown oxide) formed on as-sprayed bond coat was composed of a Ni(Al,Cr)2O4 spinels outer layer and a Al2O3 inner layer. But, a continuous and uniform Al2O3 formed after surface modification . Formation of the mixed oxides (spinels) on the as-sprayed bond coat accelerated the failure of TBCs.     

粘结层中的Co对热障涂层界面结合因子的影响

用固体与分子经验电子理论(EET)和改进的TFD理论的结合,计算了热障涂层不同粘结层Co含量下的陶瓷层/粘结层界面的界面结合因子,结果表明:含Co界面的最小电子密度差Δρmin比不含Co时小,Co有利于缓解界面的应力;加Co后使该界面电子密度保持连续的原子状态组数σ′比不加Co至少增加一个数量级,Co有利于使界面稳定,且从σ_equal和σ_super可知这种稳定性不会由于应力的升高受到破坏;当粘结层的表面为(110)时,加Co后电子密度ρ总是提高,有利于提高界面的结合力;当粘结层的表面为(100)和 (111)时,界面的结合力不受Co含量影响。所以,Ni基粘结层中的Co可改善热障涂层的陶瓷层/粘结层的界面结合。     

Microstructural evolution and growth kinetics of thermally grown oxides in plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

The formation of thermally grown oxide(TGO) during high temperature is a key factor to the degradation of thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)applied on hot section components. In the present study both the Co Ni Cr Al Y bond coat and Zr O_2-8 wt.% Y_2O_3(8YSZ) ceramic coat of TBCs were prepared by air plasma spraying(APS). The composition and microstructure of TGO in TBCs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The growth rate of TGO for TBC and pure BC were gained after isothermal oxidation at 1100 °C for various times. The results showed that as-sprayed bond coat consisted of β and γ/γ'phases,β phase reducesd as the oxidation time increased. The TGO comprised α-Al_2O_3 formed in the first 2 h. Co O, Ni O, Cr_2O_3 and spinel oxides appeared after 20 h of oxidation. Contents of Co O and Ni O reduced while that of Cr_2O_3 and spinel oxides increased in the later oxidation stage.The TGO eventually consisted of a sub-Al2O3 layer with columnar microstructure and the upper porous CS clusters. The TGO growth kinetics for two kinds of samples followed parabolic laws, with oxidation rate constant of 0.344 μm/h~(0.5) for TBCs and 0.354 μm/h0.5for pure BCs.     

碳钢热处理及金相实验的点滴体会

该文以碳钢热处理及其金相实验教学过程中的点滴体会为例,阐明实验教学对提高学生素质和创新能力的重要性。     

Mo,Ti离子注入不锈钢耐水溶液腐蚀改性研究

用电化学测试和俄歇电子能谱分析研究了离子注入不同剂量的Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ对３０４Ｌ奥氏体不锈钢在Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：注入Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ可使不锈钢的耐水溶液腐蚀性能提高，并改善材料的钝性和耐小孔腐蚀能力；在腐蚀过程中，注入元素在膜中富集，膜中Ｃｒ／Ｆｅ比值提高，从而达到耐蚀性能改善之目的；在适当的注入剂量下，可获得最佳的耐蚀改性效果。     

Influence of mill scale and rust layer on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel in simulated concrete pore solution

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of mill scale and rust layer on the passivation capability and chloride-induced corrosion behaviors of conventional low-carbon (LC) steel and low-alloy (LA) steel in simulated concrete pore solution. The results show that mill scale exerts different influences on the corrosion resistance of both steels at various electrochemical stages. We propose that the high long-term corrosion resistance of LA steel is mainly achieved through the synergistic effect of a gradually formed compact, adherent and well-distributed Cr-enriched inner rust layer and the physical barrier protection effect of mill scale.     

16Mn(HIC)钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

采用恒应变和慢应变速率拉伸实验的方法,研究了16Mn(HIC)和16Mn钢母材、焊缝在H2S环境中应力腐蚀开裂.结果表明:两种材料在酸性H2S介质中均发生穿晶型硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC);与16Mn钢相比,16Mn(HIC)钢有更好的抗SSCC性能,钢中的C,Mn,P和S的含量降低有利于提高钢的抗SSCC性能.焊缝及热影响区在焊接过程中,产生的粗大魏氏组织、偏析、缩孔和夹杂等缺陷,降低了焊缝的抗SSCC能力.但是,通过焊后热处理可以适当提高焊缝的抗SSCC能力.     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

研究了不同碳含量和显微组织的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并与商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi进行了相应的比较.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察,轧后水冷钢的主体组织为板条状贝氏体,轧后空冷钢为针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体、M/A小岛和少量渗碳体(珠光体)的混合物.用干湿循环加速腐蚀实验对耐蚀性测定结果表明:低碳钢(0.03%C)和轧后水冷的较高碳含量钢(0.1%C)的耐蚀性均明显优于09CuPCrNi;低碳含量钢的组织类型对其耐蚀性影响不大;较高碳含量情况下,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢;轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,低碳含量钢的耐蚀性优于较高碳含量钢.用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的样品在腐蚀后期形成了致密的内锈层.     

The effect of environmental variables on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel in Shenyang

A study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of contaminants and meteorological variables on the rust layer of carbon steel exposed in Shenyang urban atmosphere. Seven kinds of contaminants and twelve kinds of meteorological parameters were also registered in order to correlate the data with respect to corrosion rate and the stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out in order to obtain the best regression model. The sum of rainfall time as well as sunshine time and the concentration of H2S could stimulate initial atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel. The initial atmospheric corrosion kinetics of carbon steel was observed to follow the cubic equation. The corrosion products were analyzed by XRD and the transformation of phases in different periods was discussed.     

热处理工艺对27SiMn钢力学性能的影响

27SiMn液压支架管经过调质热处理来实现其良好的综合力学性能.采用四因素三水平的热处理正交试验,研究了不同热处理工艺参数(淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度和回火保温时间)对力学性能的影响,并确定了最优热处理工艺制度为930℃,40 min淬火和480℃,50 min回火.经最优热处理工艺处理后,其力学性能为:屈服强度895 MPa,抗拉强度1030MPa,伸长率15%,断面收缩率54%,冲击功53.3 J,满足了GB/T 17396—1998标准中对27SiMn钢的性能要求.     

Effects of solution environments under disbonded coatings on the corrosion behaviors of X70 pipeline steel in acidic soils

A rectangle crevice assembly was used to study the effects of cathodic protection (CP) potential, crevice thickness, holiday size, bubbling CO₂, and surface condition on the chemical and electrochemical environment of the local solution under disbonded coatings. It is found that the cathodic protection removes dissolved oxygen from the crevice and thus shifts the solution to a more alkaline state. Furthermore, the potential of the steel reaches the protected potential range. The available protection distance increases with the negative applying potential. The steady potential and pH distribution are easily achieved, but the polarization degree is not satisfied within the thinner crevice. The difference in the solution environment is found to correlate to the holiday size. The smaller the holiday, the smaller the difference is. The presence of CO₂ inhibits the formation of an alkaline environment. It is also found that the rust layer dramatically decreases the polarization rate in the crevice.