偏钨酸铵柱撑水滑石上邻苯二酚与甲醇的O-甲基化反应

为提高水滑石催化剂在邻苯二酚与甲醇的气固相烷基化反应中的性能,将偏钨酸铵(AMT)阴离子交换到水滑石层间,采用XRD、FT-IR以及异丙醇脱水-脱氢探针反应等表征手段和方法研究了交换后水滑石的结构和酸碱性质,并将交换前后的水滑石用于邻苯二酚与甲醇气固相合成愈创木酚的反应中.结果表明:AMT阴离子代替NO3-进入到水滑石层间;NO3-柱撑水滑石本身对邻苯二酚与甲醇的气固相反应没有活性,而用AMT交换后水滑石对目标反应的活性明显提高,且催化活性随着层板阳离子种类和比例的不同有较明显的差别,其中AMT-Mg2Al和AMT-Mg1.5Al催化剂表现出了较好的催化性能,邻苯二酚转化率为75%,此时愈创木酚选择性为90%.该催化剂上存在的弱B酸-碱中心对目标反应更有利.     

改性β沸石催化邻苯二酚叔丁基化反应

考察了Co改性β沸石对于邻苯二酚－叔丁醇烷基化反应的催化性能,用XRD和NH3－TPD表征了改性β沸石的酸性和结构特性,讨论了催化剂孔结构、表面酸性对反应活性和选择性的影响。研究发现,Co改性β沸石的催化活性和选择性有所提高,4－叔丁基邻苯二酚（4－TBC）的选择性达到了99％,邻苯二酚的转化率达71％,该结果优于目前文献报道的最好水平,Co改性β沸石是邻苯二酚烷基化反应极有开发前景的催化剂。     

磷酸钙催化剂上二异丁基乙缩醛裂解法合成乙烯基异丁醚的研究

研究了在磷酸钙催化剂上二异丁基乙缩醛裂解制乙烯基异丁醚反应的活性和选择性，其中较好的催化剂是在500度焙烧的Ca3(PO4)2(1)。考察了工艺条件对反应结果的影响，表明在反应温度约300度，缩醛的LHSV＝1．0h^-1时得到最佳反应结果：转化率约98．6％，选择性接近100％，用TPD法测定了催化剂表面的酸度和碱度，并与活性和选择性进行了关联。     

K、Ca、Mg铁酸盐的丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯催化性能研究

采用微波草酸盐共沉淀法制备了K、Ca、Mg铁酸盐催化剂，用BET、XRD、H2-TPR、电导测量等对催化荆进行表征，并研究其对丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应的催化性能．结果表明，Ca铁酸盐催化剂表现出较好的丙烷氧化脱氧制丙烯催化性能，873K时丙烷的转化率为23．95％。丙烯的选择性为17．29％．收率是Fe2O3的2倍．     

加氢还原法制备高纯度仲辛醇

以负载型铜、镍催化剂为加氢催化剂，兴相加氢还原仲辛醇中的2－辛酮制备高纯度仲辛醇。分析了催化剂的制备方法、类型及加氢反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明，镍催化剂的加氢活性较高，加氢反应条件相对缓和。在适当的加氢条件下，采用浸渍法制备的镍催化剂和采用共沉淀法制备的铜催化剂的加氢活性相当，2－辛酮的加氢转化率均可达98％以上，加氢产物中仲辛醇的纯度达98－99％，2－辛酮含量可降至0．2％以下，负载型镍、铜催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性，是制备高纯度仲辛醇的高效、高选择性催化剂，具备一定的工业开发潜力。     

Pd/C的制备条件对丙二烯磷酸选择加氢催化性能的影响

利用浸渍法制备Pd／C催化剂，通过正交试验确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件：浸渍吸附温度313K，吸附时间6．0h，还原剂量10倍于理论用量，还原温度353K，还原介质pH值为8．0，还原时间2．0h．所得催化剂在温度328K、压力0．3MPa、反应时间2．0h的情况下，丙二烯磷酸转化为丙烯磷酸的转化率为52．58％，工业用Pd／C催化剂在同样的反应条件下测得转化率为48．96％．通过正交试验制备的最佳催化剂表现出较好的催化活性，并对催化剂进行了XRD、H2-TPR和比表面测定，初步解释了催化剂活性与结构之间的关系．     

水溶性钌-钯双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru／Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能．实验结果表明，在原位合成的Ru—TPPTS催化体系中添加PdCl2后，催化剂的活性明显提高，尤其是0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂表现出显著的钌和钯之间的双金属协同效应．在PB2=1．0MPa，70℃，反应70min的条件下，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯中硝基选择性加氢反应时转化率达到100％，生成对-氯苯胺选择性为92．3％．对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS也表现出很高的催化活性和较高的生成卤代苯胺选择性．     

CO选择性氧化催化剂K—Pt／γ—A12O3催化剂的TPD／TPR研究

用TPD和TPR技术考察了K的添加对CO选择性氧化催化剂Pt／γ-A12O3的表面吸附性能及还原性能的影响，结合催化剂的活性进行了讨论．结果表明，添加适量K2O有助于增加弱吸附态CO的数量，并影响Pt的还原过程，使Pt变得难于还原．当ω(K2O)＝3．4％时，CO的低温脱附量最大，催化剂还原温度最低．同时，120℃时转化率可达到90％以上．     

萘与异丙醇在γ-A12O3负载的磷钨酸催化剂上烷基化

以无水乙醇为溶剂、γ-Al2O3为载体，采用过量浸渍法制备了一系列磷钨杂多酸(PW)催化剂，用XRD，NH3-TPD等手段对其物化性质进行了表征，并考察该类催化剂在萘与异丙醇的烷基化反应中的催化性能。结果表明，PW负载质量分数达到40％仍高度分散于γ-AlO3表面，此时催化剂呈现较高的活性(萘转化率71．7％)和β，β′位选择性(82．7％)，低负载量有利于2，6-DIPN的生成。该催化刺的适宜活化温度和反应温度分别为573K和473K。     

水溶性钌络合物催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢的研究

研究了水／有机两相催化体系中，水溶性钌络合物催化剂AC—1催化卤代芳香硝基化合物中硝基的选择性加氢反应．以对—氯硝基苯为底物，考察了表面活性剂种类及浓度、反应温度、氢压、催化剂浓度和反应时间等对反应转化率和选择性的影响．实验结果表明，阳离子表面活性剂对反应有明显的影响，其中以添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)效果最好．当反应条件为90℃，氢压4．0MPa时，反应5h，对-氯硝基苯转化率可达100％，生成对—氯苯胺的选择性可达99．9％．该催化体系对其它卤代芳香硝基化合物的选择性加氢也具有很高的活性和选择性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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