A new heteromorphic deutonymph (Hypopus) of a sarcoptiform mite parasitic under the skin of a toucan

Summary

A study of the form and functioning of Philine angasi and Philine auriformis. Philine angasi feeds on the bivalve Chione stutchburyi by extrusion of the buccal bulb. The radula is degenerate and plays no part in the ingestion of food. Philine auriformis ingests Nucula hartvigiana, the buccal bulb acting as a suction pump. The buccal bulb is not eversible and the buccal mass carries the prey from the buccal cavity to the oesophagus. The feeding and form of these species are compared with that of Philine aperta. It is shown that the musculature of the buccal region is modified to suit the different feeding methods.     

Description of Rathkea lizzioides sp. nov. (Hydromedusae: Rathkeidae) from Antarctica and a key to the genus

A new species of hydromedusa from the Antarctic, Rathkea lizzioides sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its rounded bell-shaped form, being almost as broad as high, the presence of an apical dome and a gastric peduncle, the 4 unbranched oral arms, the number of nematocyst clusters (7 to 18 in specimens 1·5 mm or greater in height), the occasional presence of 1 or more nematocyst clusters near the mouth margin, the 5 to 7 tentacles in each perradial tentacular bulb, the 3 to 5 tentacles in each interradial tentacular bulb, and the ovoid shape of the tentacular bulb. A key to the known species of Rathkea is provided.     

Four new species of the Diphascon nobilei group (Eutardigrada,Hypsibiidae)

The existence of a group of species similar to Diphascon (Diphascon) nobilei is shown. These species have some common characteristics: a well‐evident drop‐shaped thickening between the buccal tube and the pharyngeal tube, pharyngeal bulb, more or less elongate, with three rod‐shaped macroplacoids and microplacoid, claws of the hind legs different from those of the first three pairs of legs in having a very wide basal portion and indented basal margin, basal spurs also present on the external claws and, in some cases, also on the internal claws of the first three pairs of legs. Four new species of this group are described: Diphascon (D.) serratum, D. (D.) nelsonae, D. (D.) platyungue, and D. (D.) hydrophilum. They differ from one another in the dimensions and shape of the claws; in some cases the difference also affects the value of the ptd index relative to the insertion point of the stylet supports, the buccal and the pharyngeal tube length or the macroplacoid length.     

VI.—Revision of the species of Hyrax,founded on the specimens in the British Museum

Summary

Spirocamallanus olseni, previously known only from Madagascar in lutjanids and a remora, also infects the lutjanid, Lutjanus fulviflamma, in the Gulf of Elat; it becomes the second member of the genus reported from the Red Sea. Procamallanus elatensis sp. nov. from two siganid fishes becomes the second known Red Sea species in that genus, but appears most related to two other species from signaids. It can be characterized by having a distinct ledge in the buccal capsule anterior to the basal ring and an excretory pore anterior to the nerve ring. In the male, a gubernaculum and three pre-cloacal plus five post-cloacal papillae are present and the spicules have blunt tips with a crook and a ratio of 1:2·4 to 3·3. In the female, the vulva occurs 33 to 45% of the body length from the anterior end.     

Revision of the genus Pseudodiphascon (Tardigrada,Macrobiotidae), with the erection of three new genera

A flexible but non-annulated buccal tube was used to erect the subgenus Pseudodiphascon, later raised to genus level (type species Macrobiotus inflexus). However, the presence of a flexible (but non-annulated) buccal tube in the holotype and paratype is due to the moulting simplex stage of both animals. Therefore Macrobiotus inflexus must be considered species dubia. The other species to date attributed to Pseudodiphascon differ from the type species of the genus in the presence of a pharyngeal tube that appears annulated. Because of this and other characters, they do not conform to the definition of Pseudodiphascon and cannot be attributed to this genus, which must be considered genus dubium. The characters of the claws and of the buccal—pharyngeal apparatuses led us to describe three new genera: Biserovus gen. n.: claws without a differentiated basal portion, annulated pharyngeal tube, peribuccal lamellae present; Minilentus gen. n.: claws of ‘hufelandi type’, annulated pharyngeal tube, peribuccal lamellae absent; Insuetifurca gen. n.: claws of modified' hufelandi type, annulated pharyngeal tube, peribuccal lamellae present, stylet furcae of a peculiar shape. Pseudodiphascon diphasconides lacks annulation in the buccal tube and is transferred to the genus Minibiotus.     

Two new species of Enoplida (Nematoda) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free‐living marine nematodes Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. and Bathylaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described and illustrated. Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. is characterized by the gubernaculum with a slender apophysis; two files of seven to eight circumcloacal setae on each subventral side of body. Bathylaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov. is characterized by a cylindrical body and smooth cutical. The buccal cavity is relatively smaller than in other species of the genus Bathylaimus. The anterior buccal cavity has only one obvious dorsal tooth. The amphids are subspiral with 1.2 turns, posterior to the base of posterior buccal cavity. They also have a long three‐jointed cephalic seta.     

LXXXI.—Notes on the classification of the African monkeys in the genus Cercopithecus,erxleben

Summary

The Ethiopian species of the genus Agrypon Foerster (Anomaloninae) are revised and a key is given to the eight species. Four species, A. zebrinum, A. omum, A. seyrigi and A. hancocki, are described as new and three new synonymies are proposed. A. leucostomum (Cameron) is newly transferred to Agrypon. Notes on the phylogeny of the species are included.     

Budding in the ascidian Aplidium petrense Michaelsen

Abstract

Asexual reproduction in the ascidian family Polyclinidae is typically by post-abdominal budding, but in Aplidium pallidum (Verrill) the abdomen is also involved (Brien, 1925). A second species A. petrense Michaelsen is shown in this paper to use both abdomen and post-abdomen in producing buds. Trophocytes migrate back to the abdomen and post-abdomen, and constrictions divide these regions of the zooid into a series of buds of which at least the anterior few contain gut tissue. Subsequently each bud regenerates to form a new zooid. the similarity of the process in A. pallidum and A. petrense may result from convergence rather than phylogenetic affinity.     

The aedeagus,its musculature,and ‘retournement’ in Aspidomorpha miliaris F. (Coleoptera,Phytophaga, Chrysomelidae)

Summary

The aedeagus and its musculature in Aspidomorpha miliaris have been described in detail. They have been found to be closely comparable to those in the Chrysomelid Galerucella birmanica, which has been studied earlier from this standpoint by one of the present authors. In A. miliaris, however, the spiculum has shortened, and consequently the protractors of the aedeagus have been brought close to the proximal retractors of the aedeagus to form a basal muscular bulb for the aedeagus. The muscular bulb seems to help in maintaining the fluid pressure necessary for eversion of the internal sac of the aedeagus during copulation over a long period without strain on the general abdominal musculature. Shortening of the spiculum on the other hand has taken away the function of retraction from the proximal retractors of the aedeagus. The aedeagus is retracted after copulation by repeatedly stroking the protruding aedeagus with the hind legs and by pressing it against the substratum. The aedeagus undergoes ‘retournement’ through 180° after the adult has ecloded from the pupal skin. The ‘retournement’ is due to degeneration of the left member of the pair of protractors of the spiculum, while the right member exerts a unilateral pull on the dorsal surface of the genital tube, bringing about turning of the genital tube, and then survives as an apparently median muscle. In a small percentage of cases the left protractor survives to become the functional and the apparently median protractor of the spiculum, while the right member of the pair degenerates, and the consequent ‘retournement’ of the aedeagus is anti-clockwise.     

A collection of recent and subfossil mammals from southern Turkey (Asia Minor), including the dormouse Myomimus personatus

Summary

Living representatives of twelve species of mammal are recorded from the vicinity of Finike, south-western Asia Minor. A further six species were found in the form of skulls or skeletons, mainly on the surface of cave floors. Some of these, along with an additional eight species, were also found by excavating the floor of a cave that now opens on the face of a cliff. These were associated with artefacts suggesting that the entire deposit was formed about 5000 B.C. All the mammals from the cave deposit are of species known to be living in Asia Minor, except the dormouse Myominus personatus.

Philistomys roachi Bate, from Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene cave deposits of Israel, is shown to be a synonym of Myomimus personatus Ognev.     

Non-monogamous mating system and evidence of lekking behaviour in the Helmeted Manakin (Aves: Pipridae)

ABSTRACT

Manakins (Pipridae) are a group of Neotropical birds well known for their spectacular lekking displays and non-monogamous mating system. Nevertheless, the two species of Antilophia have been traditionally considered monogamous and, therefore, an exception to this rule. In this paper, we studied the home range and the mating system of a colour-ringed population of the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata in southeastern Brazil. We propose that it is a non-monogamous species that ranges widely during the breeding season, presenting a lekking behaviour in the form of unspectacular but aggressive chasing courtship displays.     

Brood protection in the stenoglossan gastropod Bullia melanoides (Deshayes)

Summary

Two individuals of the stenoglossan gastropod Bullia melanoides were found carrying egg capsules. In one, 33 capsules contained up to four early embryos; in the other, three capsules remained attached each containing one or two fully formed miniature adults. This species exhibits a form of brood protection in which the expanded foot is folded around the egg capsules to form a tubular brood pouch, and this habit is associated with the animals' occurrence on disturbed surf beaches on the tropical west coast of India.     

Morphology of the alimentary tract in relation to diet among gobioid fishes

Summary

The morphology and general course of the alimentary canal, the relative length, number and morphology of the gill rakers, and the pattern of the buccal and pharyngeal dentition in 20 species of gobioids belonging to 3 families are studied. The food of the species studied is analysed from gut contents. Depending on the predominance of different food items in the gut the fishes can be categorized into herbivores feeding on algae, omnivores on algae, crustaceans or fish any of which may be dominant and detritivores on soft benthic ooze. The morphology of the alimentary canal, the R.L.G., the morphology of the gill rakers and the pattern of buccal and pharyngeal dentition are found to be related to the food of the fishes.     

Observations on the “tenuis group” (Eutardigrada,Macrobiotidae) and description of a new Macrobiotus species

A new species of the tardigrade genus Macrobiotus is described. The species, designated M. ciprianoi n. sp., was isolated from a mixture of Provence broom leaf litter and mosses, and from rock mosses collected in the Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid (Spain). Given that Macrobiotus ciprianoi n. sp. shares several characters to members of the “tenuis group”, we assessed the taxonomic homogeneity of the group. The new species differs from those of the “tenuis group” according to a unique set of characters related with claw shape, features of the buccal‐pharyngeal apparatus, and egg morphology. Our analysis of holotypes and/or paratypes of “tenuis group” species and other Macrobiotus species with similar characters (M. bondavallii and M. caelicola) reflects the heterogeneity of this group of species as currently described.     

The occurrence of the genus Ingolfiella (Crustacea,Amphipoda) in South Africa,with description of a new species

Abstract

The occurrence in South West Africa, i.e. within the confines of the Republic of South Africa, of the Amphipod genus Ingolfiella Hansen is recorded. The species is subterranean, is larger than any of the previously known species, and is described as I. opisthodorus sp. n. It is compared with I. leleupi Ruffo from the Congo and Northern Rhodesia. The majority of the specimens seem to be females although none has even a trace of oostegites or brood lamellæ. They exhibit a marked dimorphism of the first pair of pleopods, chiefly in specimens exceeding 14 mm. in body length; a juvenile form of this pair occurs in specimens measuring 12 to 14 mm. A few supposed males, among the last specimens to be collected (in June), are smaller than the supposed females but the two pairs of gnathopods are relatively larger and of a different form.     

Three new species of the genus Mononchus (Nematoda: Mononchida), and the “real” Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865

Mononchus altiplanicus sp. nov. from Chile is characterized by an average body length of 2.68 mm, dorsal tooth apex at about 30% of buccal capsule, transversal ribs anterior to tooth apex, tail on average eight anal body widths long. Mononchus oblongus sp. nov. from France is characterized by an average body length of 1.72 mm, shape and length of the buccal cavity (more elongate than in other congeners), relatively anterior position of the dorsal tooth apex, tail on average 8.2 anal body widths long, and seta-like subterminal caudal papillae. Mononchus medius sp. nov. from the USA is characterized by an average body length of 1.55 mm, posterior location of dorsal tooth apex, subventral ribs anterior to tooth apex, and tail on average 7.7 anal body widths long. Mononchus truncatus is rediagnosed on the basis of type/neotype specimens and those from Hungary. A key to species is provided.     

XVIII.—The Coleoptera of the Falkland Islands

Summary

A brief review of literature on central Indian Ocean Pseudochromidae is provided, followed by a key to central Indian Ocean species. Two new species, Chlidichthys inornatus and Pseudochromis dilectus, are described.     

A new species of the genus Gorgodera (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae), from two species of Anura from the Eastern Pyrenees

Summary

A bladder fluke from two species of Anura, Rana temporaria temporaria L. and Bufo bufo bufo L., is described and erected as a new species under the name Gorgodera euzeti sp. nov.     

Review of the Japanese flatfishes of the genus Samariscus,with the description of a new species from Tonking Bay

Summary

The genus Samariscus of the right eye flounder has thirteen known species including the two described here. A key is given to all the species, and the Japanese forms are reviewed. Samariscus japonicus Kamohara and S. latus Matsubara and Takamuki live in somewhat deeper water, 100 to 200 metres. A certain isopod parasite is often found in the branchial cavity of the ocular side of S. japonicus. S. xenicus n. sp. from Kochi frequents a depth of about 20 metres in the littoral zone. Kamohara's S. huysmani is relegated to synonymy of this new species. Also a flatfish from Tonking Bay represents a new species described herein as S. asanoi.     

A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes

ABSTRACT

A compilation of the ciliated suctorian species found on marine meiobenthic nematodes as epibiont has been carried out based on published records. It included the taxonomic position of each species of ciliate epibiont, the species of basibiont nematodes, the geographic zones where they have been found and the different records of these species together with the corresponding bibliographic references. Altogether 12 suctorian species were listed. Among registered suctorian species, Thecacineta oregonensis, T. urceolata, Trematosoma rotunda, Loricophrya bosporica, L. mediterranea, L. scanica, L. sivertseni, L. spitinae and L. stresemanni are likely specific to nematodes. The species as Thecacineta calix and Limnoricus ceter were found on a variety of hosts. Representatives of the genus Thecacineta reproduce by vermigemmic budding, swarmers of which are unable to swim, and often attached close to the cloaca of the nematodes. Any regularity in localization were not observed in the representatives of genera Trematosoma and Loricophrya, which form ciliary, swimming swarmers.