Cloning and Expression of BTB/POZ-Domain from Zebrafish gcl （Germ Cell-Less）, and Appraisement of Its Polyclonal-Antibody

In this study, a recombinant pET28c-gBTB/POZ was constructed by cloning the sequence of the BTB/POZ domain of the zebrafish gcl （germ cell-less） into the expression vector pET28c, and pET28c-gBTB/POZ was transformed into BL21（DE3） pLysS strain to express the fusion protein for the preparation of antibody. Polyclonal-antibody against the GCL-BTB/POZ domain was prepared by immunizing rabbit with the fusion protein, and the Western Blot and immuno-histochemical analysis were performed to detect the quantity of the polyclonal-antibody. The result indicates that the polyclonal-antibodies were of good quantity and specification. Further studies will be performed to demonstrate the function and expression pattern of the GCL protein during the development process of zebrafish with the polyclonal-antibody.     

Establishment and cryopreservation of liver, heart and muscle cell lines derived from the Chinese alligator （Alligator sinensis）

The Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis, is a critically endangered species. A conservation project of gene resources for an endangered species first involves the preservation of organs, tissues, gametes, genomic DNA libraries and cell lines. The present study is the first to establish and cryopreserve cell lines of liver, heart and muscle tissues from the Chinese alligator. The study revealed that there was a large discrepancy in cell migration time in primary cultures among liver (11-12 d), heart (13-14 d) and muscle (17-18 d) tissue pieces. The differences in time in primary cell culture suggested that it was relatively easy to build visceral-derived cell lines for reptiles. Biological analysis showed that the population doubling time for thawed cells was approxi- mately 36 h. Karyotyping revealed that the frequency of Chinese alligator cells showing chromosome number as 2n=32 was 88.6%-93.4%. Chinese alligator cell lines established here provide a vital resource for research and are likely to be useful for protection of this rare and critically endangered species. Furthermore, the establishment of these methods may supply technical and theoretical support for preserving genetic resources at the cellular level for other reptile species.     

Two new Jurassic stoneflies （Insecta： Plecoptera） from Daohugou,Inner Mongolia,China

Two new genera and two new species of family Taeniopterygidae, Mengitaenioptera multiramis gen. et sp. nov. and Noviramonemoura trinervis gen. et sp. nov. are described. These fossils were collected from Daohugou Village （the Middle Jurassic）, Inner Mongolia, China. Hitherto, these fossil species from Daohugou are the oldest taeniopterygids. Both simple and complex venations simultaneously occurred in this group, which reveals that the early diversification of taeniopterids was well underway by the Middle Jurassic. Therefore, we prefer to adopt the Comstock＇s opinion that the venation of taeniopterids was derived from the simple venation of the older group （such as Palaeonemouridae） at much ancient geological time ago. Some of the descendants carried this simple venation; others evolved into complex venation with many additional crossveins and branches.     

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae） inferred from cytochrome b sequences

We recovered the phylogenetic relationships among 23 species and subspecies of the highly special-ized grade schizothoracine fishes distributing at 36 geographical sites in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions by analyzing sequences of cytochrome b genes. Furthermore, we estimated the possible divergent times among lineages based on a historical geological isolation event in the Tibetan Plateau. The molecular data revealed that the highly specialized grade schizothoracine fishes were not a monophyletic group, but were the same as genera Gymnocypris and Schizogypsis. Our results indi-cated that the molecular phylogenetic relationships apparently reflected their geographical and historical associations with drainages, namely species from the same and adjacent drainages clustered together and had close relationships. The divergence times of different lineages were well consistent with the rapid uplift phases of the Tibetan Plateau in the late Cenozoic, suggesting that the origin and evolution of schizothoracine fishes were strongly influenced by environment changes resulting from the upheaval of the Tibetan Plateau.     

New fossil elaterids （Insect： Coleoptera： Polyphaga： Elateridae） from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new genus with a new species of fossil elaterid, Paraprotagrypnus superbus gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village (N41°18.979′, E119°14.318′), Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China is described and illustrated. The genus Paraprotagrypnus belongs to the family of Elateridae, subfamily of Protagrypninae and tribe of Protagrypnini. Some primitive characters of the new genus and new species shed light on the ages between the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia and the Yixian Formation in the western Liaoning Province of China. The habitat of the new species is briefly discussed.     

New dragonflies （Insecta： Odonata： Gomphaeschnidae） from the Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia,China

Two fossil dragonflies from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China are described and illustrated. They are assigned to two new genera and species, i.e., Sophoaeschna frigida gen. et sp. nov. and Falsisophoaeschna generalis gen. et sp. nov. within the family Gomphaeschnidae Tillyard ＆ Fraser, 1940. This is the first report of Odonata from Yixian Formation in Inner Mongolia and the second record of fossil Gomphaeschnidae from China.     

A new species from an ornithuromorph（Aves： Ornithothoraces）dominated locality of the Jehol Biota

We report on a new species of ornithuromorph bird, Iteravis huchzermeyeri gen. et sp. nov., from the previously unreported Sihedang locality of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation, the oldest ornithuromorph bearing deposit in the world. Unlike most other Cretaceous localities, specimens from this new quarry are largely referable to Ornithuromorpha, similar to the Lower Cretaceous Aptian Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province. Also similar to the Xiagou avifauna, the fauna at Sihedang is largely dominated by a single taxon（described here）.Differences in faunal dominance may suggest the Sihedang records a unique ecological habitat. This may also explain the dominance of Gansus in the younger Xiagou Formation locality and suggests that previous hypotheses regarding the shift in dominance between Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha need to be reassessed in terms of potential ecological biases due to limited sampling. Furthermore, the recognition of an ornithuromorph dominated locality in the Sihedang significantly weakens the signal of such an inferred trend. Compared to most Jehol birds, the new specimen is relatively better preserved in three dimensions revealing morphological details of the skeleton, as well as preserves feather impressions including a rectricial morphology previously unknown among Mesozoic birds.     

Studies on the osteology of the bagrid catfishes from the Jialing River（IV）：an approach to the phyloge－neti

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Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes （Teleostei： Cyprinidae）,with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd.integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gdo pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene(about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic.Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 m during the late Pliocene(about 2.6 MaBP).     

不同外源激素对中华倒刺鲃的催产效果

采用不同外源激素及组合对两批 120尾中华倒刺鲃进行催产试验 ,结果表明 :催产效果以混合激素要优于单一激素,其中以 LRH-A3 HCG DOM试验组效果最佳;催产效果与亲鱼的性腺成熟度相关;在进行人工催产时,应根据催产亲鱼的性腺成熟系数决定外源激素的剂量,性腺成熟系数较大者,其外源激素的剂量宜小些;而性腺成就系数较小者,其外源激素的剂量宜大些.     

中国蜱类的有效属和有效种

中国蜱类名录存在年代较长、分类系统过时、种类不全等问题.为能及时准确地反映蜱类分类的最新成果,根据世界公认的蜱类有效属和有效种,对我国现有的蜱类分类资料重新进行了统计和厘定.结果表明,目前中国蜱类有2科、6亚科,共计10个有效属,119个有效种.     

蜕皮激素对长角血蜱若虫发育的影响

在若虫饱血后２ｄ，７ｄ，１０ｄ局部施用蜕皮激素，对若虫发育期和存活力有影响，饱血后２ｄ处理，剂量１μｇ，５μｇ，１０μｇ明显缩短若虫蜕化期，低剂量５００ｎｇ对蜕化期无影响；饱血后７ｄ处理，剂量５００ｎｇ和１μｇ可缩短若虫蜕化期，剂量５μｇ对蜕化期无影响，饱血后１０ｄ处理，所有剂量均不能缩短若虫蜕化期，剂量１μｇ反而使蜕化期延长，随着剂量的增加，若虫死亡率上升，剂量１０μｇ处理导致全部个体死亡。     

中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis两个地理种群的微卫星DNA多态性分析

为了获取中华绒螯蟹群体遗传多态性的基本数据，寻找合适的遗传标记区分不同种类及不同水系的河蟹种群，采用微卫星DNA分型技术，对江苏地区两个地理种群（本地种与荷兰种）的中华绒螯蟹共计140个样本，通过DNA提取、PCR扩增、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染检测的方法，进行了两个微卫星基因座（Esin 67和Esin 87）的遗传多态性分析．结果表明：中华绒螯蟹本地种与荷兰种的两个微卫星基因座均有较好的多态性；在Esin 67基因座中，本地种和荷兰种绒螯蟹均有8个等位基因，两组的最高频率等位基因均为8重复序列；在Esin 87基因座中，本地种绒螯蟹有9个等位基因，荷兰种有7个等位基因，两组的最高频率等位基因均为9重复序列．同时中华绒螯蟹荷兰种这两个基因座的杂合度和多态性信息含量均高于本地种．这些结果提示了江苏本地的绒螯蟹可能受到其它地区河蟹的种质污染，基因多态性下降，因此需要加强对种质资源遗传变异的深入研究，以便采取措施对河蟹资源进行合理的管理、保护和开发利用．     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)精子的形态和顶体反应的研究

研究了利用离子载体A23187诱导中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）精子产生顶体反应的最佳条件．结果表明：从雌性中华绒螫蟹纳精囊中获得的精子，在pH值为6．0，CaCl2浓度为0．2％的人工海水中，用离子载体A23187（40μg／mL）诱导70min，可以得到最大的精子顶体反应率（72％）．在此基础上用光镜观察了顶体反应过程中精子显微结构的变化，并采用天然海水配制的台盼蓝染色液和曙红B染色液对中华绒螯蟹精子的形态进行观察，确定中华绒螫蟹精子的顶体反应过程大致可分为4个阶段：第一阶段为辐射臂收缩，头帽鼓起；第二阶段为顶体囊外翻；第三阶段为顶体管前伸；第四阶段为顶体丝形成．     

青蛤生产性育苗及中间培育技术研究

经过3a实践研究,重点突破了青蛤亲贝强化培育与人工催产技术,幼虫饵料单胞藻培育技术,青蛤苗种中间培育与清涂除害技术,系统掌握生产性育苗及中间培育技术,实现了青蛤苗种的规模化生产。2003￣2005年累计培育平均壳高2 mm的稚贝74.574亿粒,经中间培育后出池商品仔贝49.842亿粒,中间培育成活率达到66.84%。生产性育苗净利润163.82万元,中间培育总利润776万元,获利15 089元/km2。     

子午岭中国沙棘亚居群的遗传多样性研究

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对子午岭中国沙棘3个亚居群在小地理范围内的遗传变异进行了研究．结果表明，在居群水平上，子午岭中国沙棘居群存在比较丰富的遗传多样性，多态位点百分率为58．88％，Nei‘s基因多样性h=0．1744，Shunnon‘s多态性信息指数I=0．2687．子午岭中国沙棘居群的遗传变异主要存在于亚居群内，亚居群间的遗传变异占总遗传变异的24．03％(Gst=0．2403)，AMOVA的结果也表明，有18．80％的遗传变异存在于亚居群之间．这一结果符合中国沙棘风媒、异交的繁育系统特点，但亚居群间的基因分化系数仍要高于异交、风媒植物居群间遗传分化的平均值(Gst=0．1930）．该地中国沙棘亚居群间较高的遗传分化与其生活环境和限制的基因流有关．     

中华绒螯蟹感光细胞细胞器中的钙离子

用焦锑酸钙沉淀方法对中华绒螯蟹复眼感光细胞的钙离子在亚细胞水平上的分布进行了观察,结果发现细胞的膜下储泡囊、线粒体、多囊体和色素颗粒等细胞器都有焦锑酸钙的沉淀,当感光细胞处于暗适应时细胞器中焦锑酸钙沉淀的量明显多于光适应时细胞中的量,改变细胞外的钙离子浓度也会影响到这些细胞器中钙离子储存量．实验表明,膜下储泡囊、线粒体、多囊体,色素颗粒等储存的钙离子一起参与造成了感光细胞的光适应．     

樱椒树（TapisciasinensisOliv）的花果观察初报

通过对樱椒树（ＴａｐｉｓｃｉａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＯｌｉｖ）开花结果过程的连续观察和部分阶段的切片观察，在本文首次报道了樱椒树的开花结果过程。樱椒树６—７月开花，从９月起幼果进入休眠期，直至来年４月，幼果重新萌动，继续发育．到９月果实成熟；其从开花到果实成熟共需１５个多月。通过切片观察初步确定合子在经过１或２次分裂后，即停止分裂，只有顶细胞越过休眠期，发育成胚，其余细胞均在停止分裂之后便逐渐解体，到休眠期时即看不到。其花托非常发达，在花期后期长大，并在周围下延，包围很短的花柄，到开花当年９月初即完全包围花柄。