并行工程研究与应用

对并行工程进行了概述，介绍了并行工程的含义，论述了并行工程特点及实施过程，分析了实施并行工程的主要因素，在此基础上提出了新的并行工程定义。将并行工程基本原理应用于科学仪器共用网络体系结构建立和设计中，说明了并行工程的应用过程和应用技巧。论述了应用并行工程实施科学仪器共用网络建设的特点和设计过程。     

并行工程哲理的信息熵描述

并行工程作为一种思想和哲理，本质在于全面考虑产品特性与开发过程的固有约束性，核心是并行设计。本文首先论述了并行工程哲理的内涵，着重从信息论的角度对其进行描述，解释了并行工程优于串行工程的原因和实质。     

并行工程的过程管理模式及特征

作为加速产品创新进程的一种行之有效的管理模式，并行工程的实施，是以精巧的过程管理为基础和前提的。本文对并行工程的过程管理模式及自适应控制特征进行了深入分析，提出了对其实施过程开展“有效性证实”的基本框架。     

并行工程过程研究

过程、计算机支持系统和组织管理是并行工程的三个关键问题,在对设计过程进行详细分析的基础上,利用Petri网作为表达工龄,建立了并行工程的过程模型,形式化地表达出并行工程中设计和制造活动在信息意义上的并行性,为并行工程过程的仿真和评价提供了理论依据。     

并行工程项目协调系统

为确保并行产品开发过程的顺利进行，协调产品开发工作流程，协调产品开发部门之间的关系、产品部件之间的关系以及协调开发人员解决矛盾的过程，提出了并行工程项目协调系统的概念。分析了协调工作应完成的任务，定义了项目协调系统的功能组成、体系结构和子系统间的集成机制。介绍了一种并行工程项目协调系统。     

企业应用并行工程的基础研究

应用并行工程进行新产品开发，是企业赢得市场竞争的一种有效方法，研究了企业成功实施并行工程的基础，探讨提高并行工程应用效果的几项措施，指出企业在实施并行工程初期的关键问题是采用恰当的组织形式和加强有效的组织管理。讨论了实施并行工程的策略，并介绍了一个成功的应用实例。     

轴类零件CAD／CAPP并行集成技术研究

提出了面向并行工程的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ并行集成的新概念及其实施策略，同时对在开发一个以轴类零件为对象的计算机辅助并行工程ＣＡＣＥ原型系统过程中出现的重要问题进行了研究。     

并行工程的支持环境

讨论了并行工程支持环境的过程模型和功能要求，在过程模型中用IDEFO功能建模方法分析冲模产品与工艺开发过程并产生产品与工艺开发过程模型图，在功能要求中首先进行需求分析并产生冲模产品与工艺开发的功能图，然后详细论述了产品生命周期设计的建议工具、信息沟通和共享能力、产品数据管理、和过程控制4种并行工程支持环境的系统功能要求。     

基于并行工程的模具计算机辅助设计系统集成框架

根据系统集成原理、设计技术以及级进冲模设计过程中数据信息的交换和分布规律,建立了设计过程与数据信息之间的关系矩阵,用并行工程思想构建了级进行冲模并行设计体系结构,确定了并行设计中的关键环节,提出了基于并行工程的级进冲模ＣＡＤ系统集成框加同象出基于并行工程的模具ＣＡＤ系统集成框架,该框架作为对模具设计制造过程并行工程实施的描述,可以为各种模具设计实施并行工程提供理论和方法上的指导。     

面向并行工程的CAPP制造资源的建模

针对并行工程环境下CAPP中制造资源的特点,提出了一种特征模型,它包含制造资源的动态信息和静态信息,满足并行工程环境下CAPP系统在工艺设计过程中对制造资源的使用要求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with