深基坑工程系统分析方法及应用研究

运用工程系统分析方法对浙江某基坑工程进行了稳定性评价分析,通过工程系统二元机理、机理网络路径和结构矩阵计算分析,形成了实际工程系统耦合矩阵.结合工程实践和系统耦合矩阵,分析了变量间及系统变量间的相互影响,并对工程系统稳定性进行了具体的评价分析.经过系统耦合分析发现,基坑开挖深度、支护桩变形、周边地面沉降和土压力对基坑系统的稳定性影响较为显著,工程中可采取优化这些系统变量的措施,达到改善基坑稳定性的目的.工程系统耦合分析方法对合理的基坑支护优化设计具有现实意义.     

长大引水隧洞岩爆的数值模拟及其应用

通过开挖卸荷的计算原理,运用有限单元法对长大引水隧洞进行数值模拟,并结合工程实际情况分析围岩应力状态,分别计算不考虑开挖卸荷影响和考虑开挖卸荷影响的长大引水隧洞围岩断面切向应力.数值模拟结果表明,应力集中部位在洞腰附近区域,且考虑开挖卸荷的计算方法能更好地反映实际工程情况.     

基于剩余推力法和优化原理的边坡三维稳定分析

为了探究一种尽可能符合实际破坏模式的边坡三维稳定分析方法,提出了一种新的分析变形的方法. 利用剩余推力法和优化原理建立边坡临界滑动场,实现危险滑动面搜寻和边坡稳定性评价;通过反分析方法,实现在给定安全系数条件下边坡坡角优化设计. 编制了相应的计算分析软件,结合实际矿山工程进行具体计算,其结果符合工程实际,并对工程提出了优化设计方案.     

露采边坡变形监测分析

根据实际铝土矿露天开采边坡工程的特点,选取具有代表性的断面进行边坡深部位移监测,结合数值计算技术并对监测结果进行比较分析,反映出边坡在开挖过程中的实际状态.监测数据与数值计算结果表明:经济、合理的位移监测方案对边坡施工过程中的稳定性评价具有指导作用,能得出边坡在开挖过程中的变形趋势,工程监测、数值计算与现场调查相结合的技术手段可为边坡工程的稳定性评价提供借鉴.     

相邻双基坑开挖相互影响二维性状分析

以某实际相邻双基坑工程为原型,利用PLAXIS建立相邻基坑开挖的二维模型,采用HS土体本构模型,分析相邻基坑同步开挖对土体位移、支护结构变形与内力的影响;考虑不同开挖工序和不同基坑间距,分析相邻基坑开挖的影响范围和基坑支护结构在不同开挖工序下的变形特征.对相邻基坑同步开挖下的支护结构位移进行了实测.结果表明,邻近基坑开挖卸荷对基坑间土体沉降、坑底隆起、坑外地表沉降、支护结构内力与变形等产生明显影响.相邻基坑间距、开挖顺序和支护方式是其主要影响因素.     

台阶式土工格栅加筋土挡墙结构优化设计

为了研究不同条件下土工格栅加筋土挡墙的性能,通过模型试验和现场试验,主要考虑了2种土工格栅类型和3种土工格栅间距,根据实际工程不同的计算工况,建立三维模型,运用有限元理论和方法进行数值模拟计算分析.比较数值计算和模型试验,分析了土工格栅网孔和间距对加筋土挡墙的变形、地基应力分布情况的影响,提出在实际工程中,台阶式土工格栅加筋土挡墙结构优化设计要综合考虑各种因素,合理选择土工格栅和加筋层间距,以获得较高的加筋效果和工程经济效益.     

不确定性结构分析与优化设计专题·编者按

正不确定性结构分析与优化设计理论作为传统结构设计方法的发展与延伸,已经成为现代先进产品结构设计的重要依据.本专辑围绕结构不确定分析与优化设计理论,结合我国的航空、海洋、机械加工等众多工程实际领域,对基于不确定性理论的灵敏度计算、可靠性分析,结构优化设计及其工程应用进行了深入研究,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望.     

拱坝多目标优化设计

本文解决了在优化中考虑稳定约束、开挖量、开挖深度、拉应力区等问题,并根据本文的数学模型编制了FORTRAN77程序在长城0520A型微机(与IBM—PC兼容)上实现,经过实际工程优化设计的考验,证明了本文程序的实用价值,为拱坝优化设计的全面推广创造了条件。     

基于强度折减法的隧道洞口土质高仰坡开挖稳定性分析

基于强度折减法对某公路隧道洞口高仰坡稳定性进行三维分析,并计算不同坡率对仰坡稳定性的影响.以实际工程为依托,在分析中充分利用强度折减数值计算法的优点,在模拟隧道开挖及仰坡加固的基础上计算各种工况安全系数,本文所采用的方法可为今后类似工程提供一定借鉴.     

跨越运营地铁隧道超大基坑开挖的土体参数反分析

针对跨越运营地铁隧道的超大面积深基坑建立了大型三维有限元模型,并对基坑开挖引起的周边环境和隧道变形进行分析.根据工程的重要性和信息化施工的需要,利用施工过程的变形监测数据,使用单纯形法对其土体参数进行了反分析.根据编制的单纯形反分析程序和有限元方法计算得到了相关的土体参数,并预测了基坑开挖最终引起的隧道隆起量.结果表明,计算所得隧道隆起预测结果与实际监测数据较为接近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.