Improvement of oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys with additions of Al,Cr and B at different temperatures

The effects of Cr, Al and B addition on the microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behaviors (at 1200, 1250 and 1300 ?°C) of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Cr stabilized α-Nb₅Si₃, while Al promoted the formation of β-Nb₅Si₃ and adding B promoted the formation of γ-Nb₅Si₃. Among the three elements, Al and Cr were beneficial to oxidation resistance at 1200 ?°C, and B was favorable to the oxidation resistance at 1300 ?°C. At 1250 ?°C, Al and B had the same effects on the improvement of oxidation resistance. The ratio of these alloying elements might play an important role in enhancing oxidation resistance. The oxidation resistance of the three kinds of silicides was compared, and the sequence was: γ-Nb₅Si₃> β-Nb₅Si₃> α-Nb₅Si₃. To predict the effects of the investigated alloying elements on the oxidation resistance of Nb–Ti–Si based alloys in a wider range of concentration, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was established, showing excellent accuracy and generalization ability. With the instructions of the ANN model, the oxidation resistance can be optimized with less additions of alloying elements.     

First principles study-D88 lattice stability of low-rate metalloid Ti5Si3

First principles study is reported for the band structures, site and angular momentum decomposed density of states, and the electronic charge density distributions in high-temperature structural materials D8₈-Ti₅Si₃ with the addition of low-rate metalloid: carbon, boron, nitrogen and oxygen. It shows that how the addition of metalloid atoms can stabilize Nowotny phase of Ti₅Si₃ from the viewpoint of the electron structure. Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China Hong Lihua: born in 1974, Graduate student     

二维Ti3C2Tx MXene材料的制备与工艺优化

二维（2D）过渡金属碳/氮化物（MXene）材料是当前最受关注的二维材料之一,其中二维碳化钛（Ti₃C₂T_x MXene）材料的研究最为广泛。该材料目前主要通过刻蚀三元碳化物或氮化物（MAX相）后进一步插层得到,因此MAX相材料的纯度和制备工艺条件直接决定了Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的物化性质。主要完成了不同Ti₃AlC₂ MAX相材料的筛选,选择氢氟酸（HF）刻蚀,并优化了不同的插层方法,制备了一系列Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征,确定使用原位锂离子（Li⁺）插层法可有效获得单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。制备的单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的表面平整,片径约为150 nm,厚度约为2 nm。同时,创新性地采用涡旋震荡辅助材料分层,极大地缩短了超声时间,提高了单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的产率（可达70%）,并且可以避免材料氧化,为Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料未来应用提供了新方法。     

Minor-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys with high hardness and electric conductivity designed by a cluster formula approach

Cu-Ni-Si alloys are widely used due to their good electrical conductivities in combination with high strength and hardness. In the present work, minor-alloying with M =(Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr) was conducted for the objective of further improving their hardness while maintaining their conductivity level. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model was introduced to design the compositions of M-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys, in which an ideal composition formula[(Ni,Si,M)-Cu_(12)]Cu_3(molar proportion) was proposed. To guarantee the complete precipitation of solute elements in fine δ-Ni_2 Si precipitates, the atomic ratio of(Ni,M)/Si was set as 2/1. Thus the designed alloy series of Cu_(93.75)(Ni/Zr)_(3.75)Si_(2.08)(Cr/Fe/Mo)_(0.42)(at%) were arc-melted into ingots under argon atmosphere, and solidsolutioned at 950 ℃ for 1 h plus water quenching and then aged at 450 ℃ for different hours. The experimental results showed that these designed alloys exhibit high hardness(HV 1.7 GPa) and good electrical conductivities(≥ 35% IACS). Specifically, the quinary Cu_(93.75)Ni_(3.54)Si_(2.08)(Cr/Fe)_(0.42)Zr_(0.21) alloys(Cu-3.32 Ni-0.93 Si-0.37(Cr/Fe)-0.30 Zr wt%) possess both a high hardness with HV = 2.5-2.7 GPa, comparable to the highstrength KLFA85 alloy(Cu-3.2 Ni-0.7 Si-1.1 Zn wt%,HV= 2.548 GPa),and a good electrical conductivity(35-36% IACS).     

Au/CexZr1-xO2催化剂在高浓度CO室温催化氧化中的活性

 以柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备的铈锆氧化物为载体,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/Ce_xZr_1-xO₂催化剂.探讨了载体组成、焙烧温度、金担载量对该催化剂催化氧化一氧化碳性能的影响,并对催化剂进行XRD表征,优化了制备条件.结果表明:当载体为Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂,焙烧温度为550℃,金担载量为4.7%的催化剂在室温下催化氧化CO的效果最好.该催化剂的优点是具有较强的耐水性;在用量少,一氧化碳浓度高的条件下仍能氧化CO₃0%~40%左右.     

Comparison of the carbon isotope composition of total organic carbon and long-chain <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-alkanes from surface soils in eastern China and their significance

Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition （δ^13C） of total organic carbon （TOC） and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes, with the latter reported as weighted mean values. The two sets of δ^13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation. The spatial distribution of δ^13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes. This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing condi- tions for C4 plants. Furthermore, δ^13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ^13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant. Our data demonstrate that in eastern China, soil δ^13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation. This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good es- timated end members for the weighted mean δ^13C values of long-chain n-alkanes （C27, C29 and C31 n-alkanes） from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation, allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends.     

Thermoelectric properties of quaternary Mg2Sn0.4Si0.6−xGex alloys

Quaternary alloys Mg₂Sn_0.4Si_0.6−xGe_x (x=0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08 0.1, and 0.2) were prepared using induction melting followed by hot-pressing. Relative densities of the sintered samples were over 97% of the theoretical values. Multiple phases were detected in the samples. It was found that the Seebeck coefficient was sensitive to the content of Mg₂Ge and a maximum value of about 350 μ V.K⁻¹ was obtained. The introduction of Ge increases the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity simultaneously. The mechanism of this phenomenon was discussed. A maximum dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, of about 0.28 was obtained for Mg₂Sn_0.4Si_0.55Ge_0.05 at 550 K.     

Photoluminescence from Si-based SiNxOy films

B⁺, C⁺, Si⁺, and As⁺ with dose of 5 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻² were implanted into SiN_xO_y, films grown on crystalline silicon by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The ion-implanted samples exhibit their photoluminescence with different intensities and different peak wavelengths after thermal annealing. Especially, the C⁺-implanted SiN_xO_y, films show very intense photoluminescence at green-yellow color region.     

Fabrication and morphology of NbCx-C composite three-dimensinal netted fibers

The raw materials were commercial powders of Nb₂O₅ (99.95%), reactive carbon (99.99%), NaCI (99.95%) and sucrose (99.94%). By the carbothermal method, the NbC_x (x= 0.98)-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers were prepared in graphite resistance furnace in 0.1 MPa/N₂ ambient atmosphere at temperature from 970 to 1 120°C. The diameters of composite three-dimensional netted fibers are 12–38 μm, the hole circumferences of netted fibers are 0.22–2.2 mm and the hole diameters are 70–701 μm. The process conditions for fabricating NbC_x-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers and related morphology, composition and crystal structure of NbC_x-C composite netted fibers were investigated in detail.     

Fabrication and characterization of nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders

The aim of this study was to produce bulk nanocrystalline Al/Al12（Fe,V）3Si alloys by mechanical alloying （MA） and subsequent hot pressing （HP） of elemental powders. A nanostructured Al-based solid solution was formed by MA of elemental powders for 60 h. After HP of the as-milled powders at 550℃ for 20 min, the Al12（Fe,V）3Si phase was precipitated in a nanocrystalline Al matrix. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） images of the bulk samples represented a homogeneous and uniform microstructure that was superior to those previously obtained by rapid solidification-powder metallurgy （RS-PM）. Nanostructured Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si and Al-11.6Fe-1.3V-2.3Si alloys ex-hibited high HV hardness values of～205 and～254, respectively, which are significantly higher than those reported for the RS-PM counter-parts.     

Vegetation evolution on the central Chinese Loess Plateau since late Quaternary evidenced by elemental carbon isotopic composition

There are many controversial issues in loess studies such as natural vegetation types on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the historical periods and the spatial and temporal evolution of C3/C4 plants. Elemental carbon isotopic composition （δ^13Cec） in the loess section may offer new evidence for these problems. Elemental carbon （EC） is produced by incomplete combustion of vegetation, and its carbon isotopic composition has a very small difference from that of the formal vegetation, then δ^13Cec can be used as a record to recover the changes of vegetation. Elemental carbon was extracted by applying the oxidation method from the Ioess-paleosol sequence in the central Chinese Loess Plateau, and its car- bon isotope composition was analyzed by the isotope mass spectrometer. The results showed that the vegetation in this region was a mixed type of C3 and C4 plants, dominated with C3 plants in most of the time. Since late Quaternary, C3/C4 plants may not follow a simple glacial-interglacial cycle mode on the Chinese Loess Plateau, but showing fluctuations. C3 plants increased gradually in L4 period, and more C3 plants occurred during $3 period, and C4 plants increased again during L3-- L2 periods, after that, Cs plants dominated again during S1 --S0 periods. During periods of paleosol development, C3 plants were abundant in S3 and S1, and there were more Ca plants in S2 and SO. During periods of loess sedimen- tation, there were more C3 plants in L4 and L1, and there were more C4 plants in L3 and L2. On the orbital timescale, the vegetation variations revealed by δ^13Cec record are consistent with the results of pollen data and also similar to the results obtained by organic carbon isotopic composition since the last glacial period.     

Effect of Mg content on the structural and optical properties of Mg<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Zn<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O alloys

Mgx Zn1–x O thin films with x = 0, 0.11, 0.28, 0.44, 0.51, and 0.65 were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurement reveals that phase separation of the Mgx Zn1–x O films occurred at x =0.44 and 0.51. Optical absorption spectra show that the absorption edges of the films shift to high-energy side with increasing Mg contents. In resonant Raman spectra, multiple-order Raman peaks originating from ZnO-like longitudinal optical phonons were obser...     

Effects of alloying and high-temperature heat treatment on the microstructure of Nb–Ti–Si based ultrahigh temperatur e alloys

The phase co mpositions, microstructure and especi ally phase i nterfaces in the as-cast and heat-treated Nb– Ti–Si based ultrahigh temperature alloys have been investigated. It is shown that β(Nb,X)5Si3 and γ(Nb,X)5Si3 are the primary p hase s in the Nb–22Ti–16Si–5Cr–5Al (S1) (at%) and Nb–20Ti–16Si–6C r–4Al–5Hf–2B–0.06Y (S2) (at% ) alloys, respectively. The Nb solid solution (Nbss) is the primary phase in Nb–22Ti–14Si–5Hf–3Al–1. 5B –0.0 6Y (S3) (at%) alloy . An orientation relationship between Nbss and γ(Nb,X)5Si3 was determine d to be (1-10)Nb//(101-0)γ and [111]Nb//[0001]γ in the as-cast S2 and S3 alloys. Some original β(Nb,X)5Si3 transfor med into α(Nb,X)5Si3 because Al and Cr diffused from the β(Nb,X)5Si3 to Nbss during heattreatment at 1500 °C for 50 h in the S1 alloy. Mean while, Ti diffused from Nbss to β(Nb,X)5Si3, which induced a Ti to generate near the interface between Nbss and Ti-rich β(Nb,X)5Si3. The orientation relationship between the newl y-formed a Ti and previous Nbss was (110 )Nb//(1-10-1) αTi and [001]Nb//(12-3-1)αTi. Among the ( Nb,X)5Si3 phases , the contents o f Cr and Al in β(Nb,X)5Si3 are n earl y the same as those in γ(Nb,X)5Si3 but obviously hi gher than those in the α(Nb,X)5Si3, where as the content of Si in α(Nb,X)5Si3 is nearly the same a s that in γ(Nb,X)5Si3 but higher than that in the β(Nb,X)5Si3     

The preparation and characterization of amorphous SiCN thin films

Radio Frequency plasma enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF CVD) using N₂, SiH₄ and C₂H₄ as the reaction sources was used to prepare amorphous ternary Si _x C _y N _z thin films. The chemical states of the C, Si and N atoms in the films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The refractive indexn, extinction coefficientk and optical band gapE _opt of the thin films were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer and spectroscopic ellipsometer. The results show that a complex chemical bonding network rather than a simple mixture of Si₃N₄, SiC, CN _x and a-C etc., may exist in the ternary thin films. Then's of the films are within the range of 1. 90–2. 45, andE _opt's of all samples are within the range of 2. 71–2. 86 eV. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19975035) Biography: Li Jin-chai (1946-), male, Professor, research direction: novel functional materials films & ion beam modification of materials.     

基于Li2MnO3的富锂类高比容量锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

综述了近几年来基于Li2MnO3的高比容量二元和三元富锂类锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展.重点讨论了富锂材料zLi2MnO3.(1-z)LiMO2(0相似文献   

Synthesis mechanism of LiNiVO4 by wet chemical method and mixed valence of nickel and vanadium

The single phase LiNiVO₄ has been successfully synthesized by adopting a new mild liquid route with oxalic acid as both complexant and precipitant, and this method is named the CPG method. The products were obtained by sintering the dry gel precursor which was prepared by the CPG method at 200—850℃ for 2—10 h in air. The products were tested by XRD, XPS, ESR and TGA-DTA, and the results indicate that the single phase LiNiVO₄ could be obtained at 450℃ for 2—3 h in air and LiNiVO₄ was still steady at 850℃ for 10 h. The valence analyses show that in LiNiVO₄ the valence of lithium is +1, both nickel and vanadium have the mixed valence, namely +2, +3 for nickel and +4, +5 for vanadium respectively. The LiNiVO₄ can be expressed as LiNi³⁺_xNi²⁺_1-xV⁴⁺_xV⁵⁺_1-xO₄ (0≤x<1). The pyrolysis mechanism of the dry gel is also discussed.     

Temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering on C<Subscript>70</Subscript>

The temperature dependence of surface enhanced Raman scattering of the C70 molecule is reported. The Raman scattering of C70 molecules adsorbed on the surface of a silver mirror was measured at different temperatures. The experimental results indicate that the relative intensities of the Raman features vary with the temperature of the sample. When the temperature decreases from room temperature to 0℃, the relative intensifies of certain Raman bands decrease abruptly. If we like the strongest band 1565cm^-1 as a standard value 100, the greatest decrease approaches to 43%. However, with the further decrease in the temperature these relative intensities increase and resume the value at room temperature. And such a temperature dependence is reversible. Our results show that the adsorption state of the C70 molecules on the silver surface around 0℃ changes greatly with the temperature, resulting in a decrease in relative intensities for some main Raman features of C70 molecule. When the temperature is lower than 0℃, the adsorption state changes continually and more slowly. Synchronously, eight new Raman features, which have not ever been reported in fiterature, are observed in our experiment and this enriches the basic information of the vibrational modes for C70 molecule.     

Microstructure and improved mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained Mo-12Si-8.5B (at.%) alloys with addition of ZrB2

Multi-hierarchical Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.5 wt%)alloys consisting of three ultrafine-grained(UFG,0.47–0.81μm)phases of Mo_5Si B_2(T2),Mo_3Si and Mo solid solution(α-Mo)were prepared by mechanical alloying following hot pressing.Microstructure observations showed that the intermetallic phases(Mo_3Si and T2)distributed dispersedly in the continuousα-Mo matrix associated with the homogeneously embedded nanoscaled particles(10–225 nm)in the grain interiors and at the grain boundaries.The Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys exhibited monotonically increasing compressive strength to 3.13 GPa with increasing content of Zr B_2,and the fracture toughness increased about 27%and reached at 11.5 MPa m~(1/2)at 1.0 wt%Zr B_2,rendering the Mo-12Si-8.5B-1.0 wt%Zr B_2alloy possessing the best combined mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness.The underlying reason for the superior mechanical properties of the Mo-12Si-8.5B-x Zr B_2alloys is that the dispersedly distributed nanosized particles in the UFG multi-phased-matrix can not only effectively block the dislocation motion to increase the strength but also store the dislocations to increase the strain hardening ability during mechanical deformation.     

Effect of KNbO3 content on the crystal structure and electrical properties of (1 − x)PbZr0.54Ti0.46O3-xKNbO3 piezoelectric ceramics

(1 ? x)PbZr_0.54Ti_0.46O₃-xKNbO₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 25mol%) (abbreviated as PZT-xKN) piezoelectric ceramics were successfully fabricated by a traditional sintering technique at 1225°C for 30 min. The influence of KNbO₃ content on the crystal structure and electrical properties of the PZT-xKN piezoelectric ceramics was studied. Samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 show a pure perovskite structure, indicating that all KNbO₃ diffused into the crystal lattice of PZT to form a single solid solution in this compositional range. A second Pb₃Nb₄O₁₃ phase is observed in the PZT-0.25KN sample, showing that the maximum solid solubility of KNbO₃ in PZT matrix ceramic is less than 25mol%. Compared with pure PZT piezoelectric ceramics, samples containing KNbO₃ have smaller crystal grains. PZT-0.15KN exhibits excellent piezoelectric properties with d ₃₃ = 209 pC/N.     

(Nd1-xErx)3Fe27.31Ti1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性

用振动样品磁强计并结合X射线衍射准确判定了Nd_2.4Er_0.6Fe_27.31Ti_1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性方式, 研究结果发现, Nd_2.4Er_0.6Fe_27.31Ti_1.69化合物的磁晶各向异性从室温时的易面转变到低温时的易锥.