一种毫米波防撞雷达频域恒虚警处理新方法

针对毫米波防撞雷达中目标信号检测虚警率高的问题,提出一种基于有序统计量在瑞利分布杂波背景下的频域恒虚警检测(OS-CFAR)的方法。该方法通过对雷达差频信号的频谱进行检测,对检测后的信号进行杂波对消,使系统从雷达中频信号的频谱中检测出目标信号的谱线并滤除杂波。准确检测目标的同时去除干扰,从而降低目标信号检测虚警率。仿真结果证实了该方法适用于多目标干扰环境,能有效对抗杂波干扰,具有良好的虚警控制能力,提高了雷达系统的有效性。     

溯相关处理雷达信号的检测性能

本文对利用改进的溯相关法处理雷达信号检测的性能进行了分析和计算机模拟,得出了整个系统在无目标时的虚警概率和有目标时的虚警概率以及目标检测概率的计算公式,探讨了雷达测量误差及目标运动的机动性对检测性能的影响.     

两种基于局部广义符号统计量的融合准则

为提高基于二元局部判决的分布式广义符号检测器的检测性能,研究了基于广义符号统计量的分布式检测,提出了直接求和与删除求和两种融合准则。在W e ibu ll杂波和Sw erlingII目标下,直接求和融合具有比某参数化的分布式恒虚警检测更好的检测性能,并能达到集中式广义符号检测相同的性能。某些传感器信杂比极低时,采用删除求和融合能获得比直接求和融合更好的检测性能。给出了在多雷达分布式检测中应用各种融合准则的方法。     

调频连续波雷达的二维截断统计量恒虚警检测方法

针对调频连续波(FMCW)雷达在密集多目标环境中检测能力降低的问题,提出了采用右截断瑞利分布模型的二维截断统计量恒虚警(TS-CFAR)检测方法。首先对目标回波信号进行二维快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到二维幅度谱,接着采用二维参考窗在幅度谱上滑动以剔除二维滑窗内幅度过高的参考单元,进而采用右截断瑞利分布模型描述剩余参考单元,最后采用基于最大似然估计的查表法估计门限参量并进行目标检测。与FMCW雷达常用的有序统计量恒虚警(OS-CFAR)和单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)方法相比,TS-CFAR方法在密集多目标环境中检测能力更强。仿真分析表明,当参考窗内有6个干扰目标且检测概率为0.9时,TS-CFAR方法的CFAR损失比CA-CFAR方法小3dB,比OS-CFAR方法小0.8dB,而且由于在运算过程中采用了查表法,TSCFAR方法的计算量远小于OS-CFAR方法。实验结果验证了TS-CFAR方法对FMCW雷达的目标检测的有效性。     

基于马尔可夫链的MIMO雷达信号融合检测方法

MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)雷达结合多信号技术和阵列技术的优点,利用空间分集对抗目标RCS闪烁,完成目标检测与跟踪.针对多站雷达信号检测,提出了基于马尔可夫链的非相参积累分布式融合检测方法.首先分析了恒虚警率检测的阈值计算原理,推导出多站数据融合后的二次检测阈值.为改善运用贝叶斯和纽曼-皮尔逊准则检测时运算量大的缺点,提出基于马尔可夫链法的算法.该方法对各站回波数据进行结构化处理,根据不同时刻状态间的统计联系,导入马尔可夫过程,计算出状态转移概率矩阵,逐帧搜索确定目标点迹.仿真实验表明,该算法能够在不提高虚警概率的条件下,明显地降低检测阈值,可以有效提高系统检测性能.     

基于时频分析的带腔体雷达目标弱信号检测

该文论述了在强噪声背景下利用时频分析检测带腔体雷达目标弱信号的方法。利用时频分析方法对目标的一维像进行分析 ,提高了雷达在强噪声背景下对微弱目标信号的检测能力 ,使利用恒虚警检测无法检测到的目标经过时频分析处理后 ,可以被正确地检测出来。     

基于多传感器数据融合的目标识别和跟踪

基于单传感器（雷达或红外）系统存在局限性,提出了基于多传感器（雷达和红外）信号融合的目标识别和跟踪系统,它能利用不同传感器的数据互补和冗余。特征层融合能通过利用其他传感器模块提供的目标特征信号来提高目标检测概率和降低虚警概率;决策层融合能矫正因受干扰等原因而失去目标跟踪能力的传感器模块的伺服跟踪回路,并提高抗干扰性。     

基于OS和UMVE的最大选择恒虚警检测算法

为了提高恒虚警检测器在多目标环境下的检测性能及有效控制杂波边缘环境中虚警率的上升,基于结合高效的无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)算法提出了一种新的最大选择恒虚警检测算法(OSUMGO-CFAR),它的前、后沿滑窗分别采用OS和UMVE方法得到两个局部估计,将其中的最大值作为背景杂波功率水平估计,去设置自适应检测门限。在SwerlingⅡ型目标假设下,推导了该算法在均匀背景下的矩产生函数MGF、平均判决阈值ADT、多目标环境下检测概率Pd和杂波边缘环境中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式。采用数值计算的方法,将恒虚警损失及虚警尖峰分别作为衡量算法在多目标和杂波边缘环境下性能优劣的标准。分析结果表明,该算法在多目标和杂波边缘引起的非均匀背景中的性能,均比OSTMGO和GOSGO算法得到了改善。     

色散恒虚警原理

现代雷达检测的目标环境是极其复杂的,从而向“雷达信号处理”提出了极为艰巨的任务。“信号处理”一方面必须尽可能提高信/干比,另一方面又要获得良好的恒虚警性能。获得良好的恒虚警性能,其所以必要,这是因为现代的(雷达)目标环境中的干扰,除了机内的白噪声外,还有诸如地物,雨雪和海浪等一类干扰,以及敌人施放的有源和无源干扰,这些干扰强度起伏可达60db以上,若采用(数字的或模拟的)自动信号处理设备,对于动态范围如此之大的雷达回波来说,往往引起过载,就是人工PPI显示也会出现一片白的问题。     

频率分集极化MIMO雷达目标检测

为了提高集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的目标检测性能,提出了一种频率分集极化MIMO雷达.该雷达的发射端采用频率分集和极化分集,接收端以变极化或者正交极化方式接收回波信号,并且基于目标极化散射特性优化设计发射极化和接收极化来进一步提高性能.基于奈曼-皮尔逊准则设计了检测算法,并推导了虚警概率和检测概率的近似计算公式.仿真结果表明:频率分集极化MIMO雷达的检测性能优于极化MIMO雷达和频率分集MIMO雷达,并且采用正交极化接收方式可以获得更好的检测性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.