北仑河口国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查

2011年10月和2012年4—5月,对北仑河口国家级自然保护区进行两栖爬行动物调查:保护区内共有两栖动物1目4科14种,爬行动物2目7科18种。两栖爬行动物分布型主要以东洋型为主,分布区主要以华南区与华中区共有物种为主。爬行动物的F指数、G指数、G-F指数(3.471、2.553、0.264)均高于两栖动物(1.830、1.946、-0.063),表示爬行动物的科属多样性与两栖动物相比处在一个较高的水平。保护区内草丛生境中的两栖动物物种数最多,灌丛生境中的爬行动物物种数最多。     

浙江古田山不同森林类型两栖动物群落结构比较

于2014年7—8月和2015年7—8月在浙江省古田山自然保护区的阔叶林、马尾松林、杉木林和油茶林等4种不同森林类型中选取具有一定海拔梯度的样带(1 000 m×5 m)各8条,以遇见法或鸣声法记录并比较两栖动物的群落组成及其特征.结果显示:在4种林型生境中共记录到两栖动物2目6科12属13种709只,其中以华南湍蛙为优势物种,其次是花臭蛙和淡肩角蟾.不同林型生境中物种群落组成有所不同,但两栖动物的个体数与物种数在不同森林类型之间差异并不显著(P0.05).阔叶林和杉木林中两栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都高于其他两种林型,杉木林型生境中Margalef丰富度指数最高,马尾松林次之.不同森林类型的两栖动物群落相似度系数为0.667~0.987,其中杉木与油茶林中两栖类物种的Morisita-Horn相似度系数最高(0.987).表明不同两栖动物物种对于不同生境具有一定的选择性,两栖类物种分布的差异可能与溪流分布、食物类型、竞争关系等因素有关,而与森林类型并无直接关系.     

二滩水库区两栖类多样性研究

在二滩水库区调查的基础上，结合有关资料，文献分析了两栖动物的区系，两栖动物的生境类型生态类群的多样性，资源类型和利用现状，评价了两栖动物多样性的发展趋势。     

莫莫格国家自然保护区昆虫多样性研究

对莫莫格国家级自然保护区的昆虫进行了系统调查,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Simpson优势度集中性指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J')及PIE种间相遇率对不同生境优势目昆虫进行了比较分析.结果表明:应用4种多样性指数测度6个优势目昆虫总体多样性时,其结果虽有差别,但都显示碱蓬群落的多样性...     

茂兰国家级自然保护区两栖类物种多样性研究

采用样线、样方法于2016和2017年的5~8月对茂兰国家级自然保护区内两栖类物种多样性进行调查。结果显示:茂兰自然保护区有两栖动物31种,隶属2目7科17属,物种多样性指数为0.29;实验区中板寨两栖动物的种类最多,有23种,其次核心区中的白鹇山和实验区的甲乙区,分别有18种和16种,物种最少的是核心区的干排和缓冲区的肯地,均只有8种两栖类动物;不同样区内物种多样性差异产生的原因是与生境、海拔高度及人为干扰有关。     

阿拉善地区人为干扰下啮齿动物群落的β多样性

采用标志重捕法对阿拉善荒漠区2002—2010年4种不同人为干扰生境(禁牧区、轮牧区、过牧区和开垦区)中的啮齿动物进行了调查,计算不同生境梯度中啮齿动物群落的Jaccard、Sorenson和Cody指数,分析其在不同生境梯度中的β多样性变化特征.结果表明,3种指数均表现为过牧区到开垦区、禁牧区到开垦区、轮牧区到开垦区的β多样性指数变化较大,且与其他各梯度的差异具有高度统计学意义(p0.01).对各生境鼠种的主成分分析结果表明,不同生境中组成啮齿动物群落的优势种不同,尤其是原生基底荒漠景观被开垦为农田后,其β多样性变化最大,这主要是由于原生植被破碎化后,原有优势鼠种消失和新物种增加所致.     

白银库伦自然保护区春季鸟类多样性研究

2005年和2006年的3～5月对内蒙古白银库伦自然保护区6种不同生境的鸟类进行了调查研究.共记录到鸟类67种,隶属于9目23科.其中繁殖鸟类57种(留鸟和夏候鸟),国家级重点保护鸟类有11种.根据鸟类的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度和相似性系数等群落特征参数对不同生境中的鸟类多样性与生境的关系进行分析,结果表明:保护区内鸟类群落结构与各生境类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关,生境的空间结构越复杂,则鸟类群落多样性就越高;明水面鸟类群落多样性最高,芨芨草草甸的多样性指数最低}五蕊柳沼泽地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高,典型草原的最低;各鸟类群落问的相似性指数均较低,表现出各生境鸟类群落结构差异较大;并结合保护区的现状及发展提出保护对策.     

浙江松阳县鸟类群落结构和多样性分析

【目的】鸟类是地球生物多样性的重要组成部分，是反映生态环境质量的指示物种。探讨浙江松阳县鸟类群落结构和生物多样性状况，了解珍稀濒危和重点保护鸟类的种类、数量、分布、生境等现状，为当地的生物多样性保护、区域生物多样性监测与评估提供依据。【方法】将松阳县全域范围划分为17个10 km×10 km的工作网格，采用样线法对各网格进行调查，共设置24条样线，生境类型包括林地、农田和湿地3类，调查时间从2020年12月—2021年11月。通过计算物种丰富度指数、香农多样性指数、辛普森指数和均匀度指数对松阳鸟类进行多样性分析，采用双因素嵌套方差分析方法对不同季节、不同生境中鸟类生物多样性进行比较。【结果】(1)全年共观测到野生鸟类249种，分属18目62科。各个季节观测到的鸟类物种数量多少依次为春季>冬季>秋季>夏季，其中春季观测到的鸟类最多，达到195种；夏季最少，为89种；每个季节均观测到的鸟类有52种。各种生境观测到的鸟类数量多少依次为湿地>林地>农田，其中湿地中观测到的鸟类最多，达到140种；农田中观测到的鸟类最少，为109种；各生境均观测到的鸟类有28种。(2...     

贵州柏箐喀斯特森林自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性研究

柏菁喀斯特森林保护区有两栖动物13种,爬行动物24种。运用G-F指数对自然保护区两栖爬行动物进行物种多样性分析。结果表明:爬行动物单型科数仅1科,科中和科间的多样性较高;两栖动物的单型科数达4科,科中和科间的多样性较低;两栖动物和爬行动物的属间的多样性指数相似;但两栖动物科属水平上的物种多样性指数较低。     

洛河中游河岸带不同生境类型中物种多样性研究

为研究河岸带植被不同生境类型中物种多样性变化格局,在洛河中游沿河岸带通过样地调查,采用Patrick丰富度指数(R)、McIntosh均匀度指数(E)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)对洛河中游河岸带不同生境类型(河滩、农田、撂荒地和林地)草本层的物种多样性进行评价,利用重要值对多样性指数中的Ni进行无偏估计.结果表明:洛河中游河岸带植物种类丰富,有33科,97属,141种,分布最多的为菊科,其次是禾本科.沿洛河河岸带不同生境类型中,物种多样性各项指标有一个明显的变化格局:丰富度指数中,河滩>林地>撂荒地>农田;多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数)中,河滩>林地≈撂荒地>农田;农田均匀度最高,且优势度也最高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the