CRISPR/Cas9敲低环氧合酶2表达对黄曲霉毒素B1诱导肝细胞核DNA损伤与脂质蓄积的影响

为探讨黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)诱导的肝细胞核DNA损伤与脂质蓄积的关系,以慢病毒质粒为载体,采用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建含靶向环氧合酶2(COX-2)编码基因(PTGS2)小向导RNA(sgRNA)的重组质粒,经测序验证成功后,制备假病毒感染HepG2细胞,构建稳定敲低COX-2表达的细胞.通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(WB)检测mRNA和蛋白水平,结果显示与HepG2-Cas9-NC对照细胞相比,HepG2-Cas9-PTGS2敲低细胞中PTGS2 mRNA与COX-2蛋白表达水平分别减少至(49.1±1.8)%和(48.1±0.7)%.给予细胞AFB1处理,通过WB和免疫荧光(IF)法检测DNA损伤标志物γH2AX的表达水平,结果显示处理组敲低细胞中,γH2AX蛋白水平和荧光焦点形成数目显著低于对照细胞(p0.05);进一步检测脂质合成相关指标,发现敲低细胞中PPARγ蛋白、总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油三脂(TG)水平以及油红O染色阳性脂滴的分布密度,均显著低于对照细胞中(p0.05).在敲低细胞中回补COX-2后给予AFB1处理,γH2AX蛋白水平和脂质分布密度均显著升高(p0.05).综上,成功构建了HepG2-Cas9-PTGS2敲低细胞,并发现敲低COX-2表达对AFB1诱导的肝细胞核DNA损伤和脂质蓄积有显著抑制作用,为进一步研究靶向干预COX-2在外源化学物诱导肝细胞毒性中的作用机制提供了细胞模型和依据.     

青蒿琥酯对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的影响及其可能机制

目的:探讨青蒿琥酯(ART)对人类三阴乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖、迁移、侵袭和细胞周期的影响及其可能机制.方法:MTT法检测ART对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖情况的影响,结晶紫染色法观察细胞形态、数量变化;细胞划痕实验及Transwell实验分别检测ART对细胞迁移及侵袭能力的影响;流式细胞术检测ART对细胞周期的影响;Western blotting检测DNA损伤反应通路相关蛋白γH2AX(S139)、phospho-ATM(S1981)、phospho-CHK2(T68)的表达.结果:与对照组相比,实验组MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖受到抑制,并失去原有细胞形态,实验组迁移细胞数量明显减少,侵袭细胞数量显著减少,实验组G2/M期细胞数显著增加,且γH2AX(S139)、phospho-ATM(S1981)、phospho-CHK2(T68)蛋白表达显著增高.结论:ART能够抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并使该细胞阻滞于G2/M期,可能与γH2AX(S139)、phospho-ATM(S1981)、phospho-CHK2(T68)等蛋白的激活引起DNA损伤反应通路的激活有关.     

雌激素对H_2O_2诱导PC12细胞氧化应激的保护作用研究

为了探讨雌激素对H2O2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤的影响及其可能机制.用H2O2处理PC12细胞建立氧化应激模型,并加入雌激素预处理作为保护.MTT法检测细胞活力,利用荧光探针对细胞内ROS进行荧光染色检测荧光强度,Hoechst/PI荧光染色,分析细胞凋亡情况,Western blotting检测MAPK(Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase)的磷酸化水平.结果显示:H2O2作用于PC12细胞后显著降低细胞活力,10-8～10-6mol/L的雌激素预处理后均能部分阻断H2O2对细胞活力的影响.H2O2能显著增强PC12细胞的ROS荧光强度,雌激素可明显减少H2O2处理后PC12细胞内的ROS含量.H2O2激活MAPK,而雌激素抑制了p38的磷酸化,增加了ERK的磷酸化.以上结果表明,雌激素可以拮抗H2O2诱导的氧化应激,抑制p38的磷酸化,增强ERK的磷酸化可能是其发挥保护作用的机制之一.     

阿柔比星降低米托蒽醌引起的细胞死亡的机制

为了研究阿柔比星(Aclarubicin,简称ACL)和米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone,简称MTX)联合作用的效果,采用细胞存活率试剂盒和Annexin V/PI双染检测两种药物对L929细胞存活率的影响,结果显示,ACL能降低MTX引起的细胞死亡.体内酶复合物检测结果显示,MTX显著地促进了拓扑异构酶2(TOP2)-DNA复合物形成,而ACL可以极大程度地降低该复合物的水平.Western-blotting结果表明,相比于MTX处理组细胞,ACL和MTX联用能够显著降低γH2AX蛋白的形成,说明ACL能降低MTX造成的DNA损伤.由此表明,ACL是通过阻止TOP2-DNA复合物的形成来降低MTX引起的细胞死亡,并暗示了联合使用时ACL可能会对MTX有拮抗作用.     

细胞体系和非细胞体系下对映-贝壳杉烷二萜化合物Rabdosin B对DNA损伤作用的研究

采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测Rabdosin B在细胞体系下对人肝癌细胞HepG2 DNA的损伤作用,运用紫外光谱、圆二色谱和琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测该化合物在非细胞体系下对小牛胸腺DNA空间结构的影响.结果表明,6~15μmol.L-1 Rabdosin B处理HepG2细胞24 h和48 h后,细胞DNA损伤率与对照组相比其差异极显著,并呈时间及浓度依赖性.在非细胞体系下,较低浓度(1~50μmol.L-1)Rabdosin B对小牛胸腺DNA有一定的损伤作用,表现为嵌插和解旋;而较高浓度(10~25 mmol.L-1)的Rabdosin B对pBR322 DNA有较强的切割作用.二萜化合物Rabdosin B对人肝癌细胞HepG2 DNA的损伤作用极可能是抑制HepG2细胞生长和启动细胞凋亡程序的直接诱因.     

香兰素衍生物VND3207对α粒子辐射诱发人成纤维细胞基因组DNA损伤的防护研究

 高能α粒子辐射所致基因组DNA损伤形式为复杂的簇集损伤,修复难度大,生物效应严重,目前尚缺乏有效防护药物。前期发现香兰素衍生物VND3207具有抗氧化损伤、促进DNA双链断裂损伤修复的作用,能有效防护低传能线密度（LET） γ射线诱发细胞凋亡和基因组损伤。本研究旨在探讨VND3207对高能α粒子辐射诱发人成纤维细胞基因组DNA损伤的防护效应。细胞克隆形成实验表明,VND3207无论是照射前加药还是照射后加药作用均能增强人成纤维HFS细胞对α粒子的辐射损伤抗性。通过中性单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星电泳）、γ-H2AX免疫荧光簇集点、γ-H2AX蛋白表达水平、细胞微核等多个基因组DNA损伤指标分析,表明了VND3207对α粒子辐射诱发细胞基因组DNA损伤的有效防护作用,其在5 ~ 10μmol/L浓度下,就可产生显著辐射防护效果,既能减轻α粒子辐射诱发细胞DNA的原初损伤水平,又能提高细胞的DNA修复能力。因此,VND3207具有维护高能粒子辐照细胞的基因组稳定性的作用,有开发成为抗高LET辐射损伤新药的价值。     

荭草素和异荭草素抗氧化活性及对肝癌细胞增殖的影响

采用荭草素和异荭草素标准品，通过测定两者对DPPH·、ABTS+·、H2O2、·OH自由基的清除率，脂质过氧化，Cu2+/H2O2诱导的牛血清蛋白-BSA-和DNA氧化损伤及BSA蛋白羰基化的抑制作用来评价二者的抗氧化活性，另外用MTT法评价了二者对人肝癌-HepG2-细胞生长的影响. 结果表明，荭草素和异荭草素均可清除自由基，抑制脂质过氧化、BSA和DNA氧化损伤和BSA羰基化，且一定浓度范围内异荭草素的抗氧化活性强于荭草素；另外荭草素和异荭草素可显著抑制HepG2细胞增殖，并呈浓度和时间依赖性，且异荭草素的抑制率高于荭草素，说明异荭草素是优于荭草素的有抗癌功效的天然抗氧化剂.     

Ghrelin通过诱导细胞自噬加剧H9c2细胞缺氧复氧损伤

用CoCl₂诱导H9c2细胞缺氧损伤24 h后,再将培养基换成新鲜培养基,以模拟心肌细胞体外缺血-再灌模型,并在此基础上通过ghrelin对细胞自噬的调节来评价ghrelin对心肌细胞缺氧-复氧损伤的调节作用.用流式细胞技术和LDH活性检测细胞凋亡和坏死.WST-1检测细胞活力;DCFH2-DA探针评估细胞内活性氧水平;用Western blotting检测细胞自噬.研究结果表明ghrelin处理的缺氧-复氧损伤细胞活力降低、LDH活性、细胞凋亡、ROS含量及自噬增加,用3MA处理后可明显抑制细胞自噬,并伴随细胞活力的显著升高,因此,ghrelin通过加强细胞自噬加剧了CoCl₂诱导的H9c2细胞缺氧-复氧损伤.     

人参多糖通过抑制ROS水平和凋亡保护H2O2诱导的心肌细胞氧化应激损伤

为探讨人参多糖缓解心肌氧化损伤的功效,利用过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的H9c2大鼠心肌细胞建立体外心肌氧化损伤模型,利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞存活率,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA),流式细胞术检测活性氧(ROS)和细胞凋亡,Western Blot法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白.结果表明：与对照组(Con)比较,H2O2能够使细胞存活率显著下降(P<0.001);与H2O2诱导组(模型组,Mod)比较,6.25 μg/mL人参多糖预防治疗24 h将细胞存活率由(57.47±5.08)%提高到(85.65±4.28)%(P<0.001),说明人参多糖能够对抗H2O2诱导的细胞毒性作用.流式细胞术DCFH-DA染色结果显示：与Con组比较,H2O2显著升高细胞ROS水平;而人参多糖预防治疗24 h后细胞ROS水平降低,提示人参多糖能够抑制H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞活性氧水平升高,并通过降低MDA含量及提高SOD活性缓解氧化应激损伤.同时,人参多糖可通过增加H2O2诱导损伤引起的Bcl-2/Bax比值,降低凋亡相关蛋白表达来缓解氧化应激导致的细胞凋亡.总之,人参多糖通过抑制ROS水平和细胞凋亡保护心肌细胞氧化应激损伤,为阐述人参保护心脏功效机制及产品研发提供了实验依据.     

牛磺酸干预对高糖培养H9c2心肌细胞的保护效应与机制

为研究与分析牛磺酸干预对高糖培养H9c2心肌细胞的保护效应及其具体机制。通过将复苏的H9c2心肌细胞传至3～4代,分为以下三组:(1)对照组(CN):葡萄糖浓度为5. 5 mmol/L;(2)高糖组(HG):葡萄糖浓度为25. 5 mmol/L;(3)牛磺酸干预组(TAU):HG组基础上,加终浓度为40 mmol/L的牛磺酸。48 h后收集细胞,采用Annexin-V/碘化丙啶(propidine iodide,PI)结合流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡发生情况,Western Blot检测丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38 MAPK的蛋白表达,放射免疫法检测TNF-α表达量,并采用相关试剂盒检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果显示:与CN组相比较,HG组H9c2心肌细胞经高糖培养48 h后细胞凋亡率增加(P 0. 001),细胞TNF-α、MDA显著水平升高(P 0. 001),SOD水平降低(P 0. 001),胞内磷酸化p38水平亦升高(P 0. 001);加入牛磺酸干预后,与HG组比较,TAU组细胞凋亡率减小(P 0. 01),细胞TNF-α、MDA及磷酸化p38蛋白水平明显降低(P 0. 05),SOD水平升高(P 0. 01)。可见牛磺酸能够减轻高糖刺激下H9c2心肌细胞的凋亡,其机制可能通过上调SOD水平,下调TNF-α、MDA水平,降低胞内p38磷酸化来实现对高糖细胞损伤的保护效应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of