新型聚氨酯胶束的制备及表征

以聚乙二醇(PEG),聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)为软段,赖氨酸乙酯二异氰酸酯(LDI),胱胺二盐酸盐(Cystaminedihydrochloride),赖氨酸盐酸盐(Lysine hydrochloride)为硬段合成了聚氨酯(PU),采用透析的方法制备了聚氨酯胶束.采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振波谱(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)表征了聚氨酯的结构,采用透射电镜仪TEM及激光纳米粒度仪DLS对胶束的物理化学性质进行了表征,DLS结果表明软段中PEG含量和扩链剂中胱胺含量不同对胶束的粒径有影响,另外DLS分析表明胶束对还原剂二硫苏糖醇DTT没有响应.     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物包载紫杉醇纳米胶束的制备及其体外药物释放行为

以聚乙二醇和丙交酯为原料,合成了一系列分子量的聚乳酸聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物.分别采用直接溶解法和溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法制备了包载抗癌药物紫杉醇的纳米胶束.用DLS和SEM观测纳米胶束的形态,采用HPLC研究载药胶束的载药量、包封率,在体外磷酸缓冲盐(pH 7.4),37℃模拟条件下研究载药胶束的体外释放行为,MTT法研究了空白胶束的细胞毒性以及载药胶束对C6细胞的体外抑制.结果表明使用直接溶解法得到粒径为200nm的球形胶束,使用溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法得到粒径分别为50nm和150nm的纳米胶束;溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法的载药量和包封率高于直接溶解法,缓释曲线均符合Ritger-Peppas指数模型;材料和制备方法均未引入细胞毒性,采用直接溶解法制备的载药胶束与游离紫杉醇对脑胶质瘤细胞C6的抑制效果相当.     

铂纳米粒子的制备及其功能化研究

Pt纳米粒子作为典型的贵金属催化剂,具有高效的催化性和选择性。但一般Pt纳米粒子容易产生聚集沉淀,从而限制了其进一步的应用。本文通过制备嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-b-聚-4-乙烯基吡啶(PEG-b-P4VP)胶束为模板,通过氯铂酸与吡啶基团的络合作用,氯铂酸将负载到胶束的核上,然后利用硼氢化钠(Na BH4)还原得到胶束负载的Pt纳米粒子。通过动态光散射(DLS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线能谱仪(EDS)等对胶束进行了表征。结果表明,Pt纳米粒子成功负载到胶束上。在此基础之上,加入5,10,15,20-四-(4-对磺酸基苯基)-锌卟啉(Zn TPPS),制备出同时负载Pt纳米粒子和Zn TPPS的PEG-b-P4VP/Pt/Zn TPPS复合胶束,对其进行了光谱表征和光学稳定性的测试。该复合胶束在光照产氢等领域有着重要的应用。     

PS-b-P4VP胶束负载铜纳米粒子的制备及催化

以乙苯为选择性溶液,制备嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚4-乙烯吡啶(PS-b-P4VP)的自组装胶束.通过铜离子与P4VP的络合作用,原位还原获得了胶束负载铜纳米粒子催化体系.通过透射电镜分析,在胶束的核内获得了2～3 nm铜纳米粒子.检验了胶束负载铜纳米粒子催化氧气氧化乙苯的反应,探讨了温度、时间对催化反应的影响,以及反应后...     

含二硫键的交联共聚化合物胶束的制备及表征

以丙烯胺为引发剂,引发谷氨酸苄酯的N-羧酸酐(NCA)开环聚合制备L-谷氨酸苄酯(PBLG),再由AIBN作引发剂,与交联剂和聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)发生共聚,合成嵌段共聚物并制备胶束.通过核磁(1HNMR),红外(FTIR),动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)等一系列手段对聚合物胶束的结构和形貌进行了表征.     

PMMA/Ce(OH)3-Pr2O3/NanoG纳米复合材料的制备与表征

首次利用一种新方法(反胶束模板-原位聚合一步法)成功合成了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/Ce(OH)3-Pr2O3/石墨纳米微片复合材料.膨胀石墨在乙醇-水溶液中经超声处理制得石墨纳米微片,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为油相,稀土金属离子Pr3 ,Ce3 水溶液为水相,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(TCAB)自组装形成的反胶束为模板,制备了PMMA/Ce(OH)3-Pr2O3/NanoG纳米复合材料.产物用CHCl3分散,涂于载玻片上,制得纳米复合材料薄膜.并用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和差热-热重(TG-DTA)对该复合材料进行了表征和分析.     

光致变色分子和AIE单元共掺杂纳米胶束:光控、可逆荧光调变

利用嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA)封装二噻吩乙烯光致变色分子(BTO)和染料分子(ED)制备了纳米胶束BTO@Nm、ED@Nm和BTO-ED@Nm,胶束尺寸分布窄(63~201 nm),在水溶液中具有高度的稳定性和分散性.封装作用诱导ED产生明显的聚集诱导荧光增强效应(AIE),可使ED@Nm和BTO-ED@Nm在500~700 nm范围呈现出明显的荧光.与单体BTO类似,纳米胶束BTO@Nm和BTO-ED@Nm仍然保持从无色(λmax=308 nm)到深蓝色(λ_(max)=595 nm)可逆光致变色性能,且至少可逆转变5次以上抗疲劳性能.利用BTO及其变环体(c-BTO)与ED之间的能量转移作用,在紫外光和可见光的交替照射下,实现对BTO-ED@Nm荧光(565 nm)定量可逆调控,且至少可调控5次以上.     

反胶束模板制备聚苯胺/Ce(OH)_3-Pr_2O_3/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其表征

利用表面活性剂乳液自组装产生模板,以磺基水杨酸为掺杂剂,苯胺(ANI)为油相,稀土(Ce-Pr)离子水溶液为水相,形成反胶束微乳液,使稀土粒子均匀分散于油相中,成为热力学稳定的乳液体系,将该乳液插层于有机蒙脱土(MMT)的片层间,加入引发剂单体直接进行原位聚合,即制得目标产物.通过红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和差热-热重(TG-DTA)对该复合材料进行了表征和分析.结果表明,反胶束法制备出热稳定性良好的新型PANI/Ce(OH)3-Pr2O3/MMT纳米复合材料,该法可以用于三相纳米复合材料的制备.     

磁热响应复合载药胶束的热化疗协同效应

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAM)为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),制备了一种临界相转变温度(LCST)为42.5℃的温敏性两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA29-b-P(NIPAM29-co-DMAM13)。通过高温前驱体分解法制备了单分散超顺磁性纳米粒子Mn_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4;并采用自组装得到了载有药物(喜树碱,CPT)和磁性纳米粒子的磁热温敏复合载药胶束。通过透射电子显微镜、紫外光分光光度计以及MTT等对该胶束的形态、药物控释能力和细胞毒性进行了研究。结果表明,该胶束具有良好的生物学和药物控释性能。同时,通过激光共聚焦显微镜与流式细胞仪研究了磁热温敏复合载药胶束在不同条件下对特定肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。结果表明,磁热疗和化疗的高效协同效应可促进肿瘤细胞对药物的吞噬,增强药物对肿瘤细胞的毒性。对该载药胶束的磁热化疗协同增效机制也进行了初步探究。     

PEO修饰中空SiO2纳米颗粒的制备及生长机理研究

采用基于PluronicF127胶束的软模板法,在中性、室温和无催化剂的温和环境下,制备得到中空SiO2纳米颗粒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射粒度分布测定仪(DLS)和傅里叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对所制备的中空SiO2纳米颗粒的形貌、粒径和官能团进行分析.结果表明:SiO2壳层成功在F127胶束疏水-亲水界面处形成,PEO在中空SiO2纳米颗粒表面可自由伸展,纳米颗粒的尺寸随F127浓度增加而减小,但分散性随F127浓度增加而增强.F127质量为15mg、四甲氧基硅烷为46μL时制备的中空SiO2纳米颗粒的平均粒径和内径分别为20nm和9.6nm,且具有更好的水溶性和单分散性.通过对样品的TEM照片统计分析发现,中空SiO2纳米颗粒的外径、内径和SiO2壳层厚度与F127浓度密切相关.     

Synthesis of new bis-diphenyl-22-and diphenyl-11-membered ring N-pivot lariat crown ethers

Bis-diphenyl 22 and 11-Membered Ring N-pivot lariat Crown Ethers^[1,2] were prepared by one step reaction of 2,2′-dihydroxy-diphenyl with N-tosyl-diethanolamine ditoskylate in DMF at refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous potassium carbonate as condensing agent, respectirely. The tosyl group of (1,2) were removed by treatment with 40% HBr in AcoH in the presence gf a large amount of phenol to give correspondence crown ether compounds (3,4). New N-pirot lariat crown thers (5,6) were prepared by one step reaction of (3) with RBr (R=?CH₂CH=CH₂, ?CH₂(CH₂)₁₄CH₃) in CH₃CN at, refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous K₂CO₃ as condensing, agent. New N-pivot lariat croon ether(7) were prepared by one step reaction (4) withn-bromohexadecane in CH₃CN at refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous potassium carbonate as condensing agent. New compounds (1,3,5,6,7) were characterized by IR,¹H NMR, Ms and elemental analysis.     

水合磷酸铁铵的低热固相合成及其对乙酸丁酯的催化作用

以Fe2(SO4)3与NH4H2PO4·12H2O为原料,PEG-400为表面活性剂,经低热固相反应合成得到水合磷酸铁铵,经XRD分析表征确定其分子式为Fe3(NH4)(PO3(OH)0.666O0.333)3(PO2(OH)2)3(H2O)6Fe3H23.998NO29.997P6后,用其作为催化剂进行乙酸丁酯的合成试验。试验应用均匀设计试验法及数据挖掘技术,在数据挖掘成果的指导下考察反应时间、醇酸物质的量比及催化剂用量等因素对收率的影响。获得催化反应的最佳工艺条件是反应时间6h,醇酸物质的量比1.56∶1,催化剂用量1.73g。在这个最优的工艺条件下,水合磷酸铁铵催化合成乙酸丁酯的收率可达到98.6%。水合磷酸氢铁铵不仅合成工艺简单,可行,而且作为乙酸丁酯的催化剂时,具有良好的催化活性,工业应用潜质大。     

基于Pt-Au-MoS2-ITO传感器对于H2O2的还原检测

实验探究了二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为一种新型材料与贵金属纳米粒子金（Au）、铂（Pt）的复合基底对于过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的还原性检测,采用氧化铟锡导电玻璃（ITO）作为电极,制备出了基于Pt-Au-MoS₂-ITO的生物传感器,为H₂O₂还原性检测的便携性操作打下了基础.实验采用电化学沉积的方法制备材料,同时使用循环伏安（CV）法、计时电流法等传统电化学手段表征了传感器电化学性能,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）来表征传感器表面形貌.建立了用于H₂O₂还原检测的、具有高检测限、高灵敏度和宽检测范围的传感器.     

Study on the hydrogen storage property of (TiZr0.1)xCr1.7-yFeyMn0.3 (1.05

Jigang Li  Li Xu  Xiaojing Jiang  Xingguo Li 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2018,28(4):470-477

Preparation of Cr2O3 precursors by hydrothermal reduction in the abundant Na2CO3 and Na2CrO4 solution

Precursors of chromium oxide (p-Cr₂O₃) were prepared by reducing hexavalent chromium in the presence of sodium carbonate solution under hydrothermal conditions. Methanal was used as the reductant, and carbon dioxide was the acidulating agent. The influences of reaction temperature, initial pressure of carbon dioxide, isothermal time and methanal coefficient on Cr(VI) reduction were investigated. Experimental results showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) with a yield of 99%. Chemical titration, thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the p-Cr₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃. The series of p-Cr₂O₃ were found to be multiphase even if they presented different colors, from gray green to lavender. After these p-Cr₂O₃ samples were calcined, the product of rhombohedral Cr₂O₃ with a purity of 99.5wt% was obtained.     

Zn-Co DMC催化合成环氧丙烷-二氧化碳共聚物

制备了基于Zn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂的双金属氰化络合物催化剂,考察了在不同反应条件下催化环氧丙烷/二氧化碳共聚反应的催化性能以及反应条件对产物组成的影响.结果表明：该催化剂能高效催化共聚反应,催化效率可达2 000 g/g Zn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂以上.共聚产物经FT-IR和1H NMR表征,在适宜反应条件下共聚物中二氧化碳摩尔分数可达到0.3以上,产物中也有少量环加成产物碳酸亚丙酯,较低的温度和较高的压力有利于二氧化碳转化为共聚物.     

Catalyst enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nano-particle nickel films on teflon surface

Films formed with nanosized nickel particles on teflon surface were prepared by means of catalyst enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CECVD) with Ni(dmg)₂, Ni(acac)₂, Ni(hfac)₂, Ni(TMHD)₂, and Ni(cp)₂ as precursors, and complexes Pd(hfac)₂, PdCl₂ and Pd(η ³-2-methylallyl)acac as catalyst under carrier gas (H₂). The film growth rate depends on the precursors and substrate temperature. The chemical value, purity and surface morphology of the Ni particle films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The films obtained were shiny with silvery color, and consisted of grains with a particle size of 50–140 nm. The Ni was metallic of which the purity was about 90%–95% from XPS analysis. SEM micrograph showed that the film had good morphology.      

聚乙二醇修饰的Fe3O4催化水合肼还原硝基苯

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为修饰剂,采用共沉淀法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4/PEG。用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对Fe_3O_4/PEG进行表征。粒子中的Fe_3O_4为立方晶系,加入PEG6000和PEG20000能有效分散Fe_3O_4,避免颗粒团聚。考察了Fe_3O_4/PEG对水合肼还原硝基苯制备苯胺的催化活性,加入PEG6000和PEG20000作为分散剂制备的Fe_3O_4/PEG具有较高的活性和较好的重复性。1.23 g(10 mmol)硝基苯,0.1 g Fe_3O_4/PEG6000(或Fe_3O_4/PEG20000)催化剂,2.0 g水合肼在乙醇中回流反应1 h,苯胺收率接近100%,催化剂重复使用9次活性基本不变。     

腐殖酸包覆Fe_3O_4纳米粒子类Fenton催化降解亚甲基蓝

采用共沉淀法制备腐殖酸包覆的磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子(HA@Fe_3O_4)并将其用于类Fenton体系催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB).通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的形貌、结构及成分进行表征.比较HA包覆前后Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的催化效果,考察HA@Fe_3O_4催化剂用量、H_2O_2浓度等因素对降解效率的影响.结果表明HA的包覆可以显著提高MB的降解效率.     

Thermodynamic modeling of the Ge-La binary system

The Ge-La binary system was critically assessed by means of the calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) technique. The associate model was used for the liquid phase containing the constituent species Ge, La, Ge₃La₅, and Ge_1.7La. The terminal solid solution diamond-(Ge) with a small solubility of La was described using the substitutional model, in which the excess Gibbs energy was formulated with the Redlich-Kister equation. The compounds with homogeneity ranges, α(Ge_1.7La), β(Ge_1.7La), and (GeLa), were modeled using two sublattices as α(Ge,La)_1.7La, β(Ge,La)_1.7La, and (Ge,La)(Ge,La), respectively. The intermediate phases with no solubility ranges, Ge₄La₅, Ge₃La₄, Ge₃La₅, and GeLa₃, were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The three allotropic modifications of La, dhcp-La, fcc-La, and bcc-La, were kept as pure element phases since no solubility of Ge in La was reported. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Ge-La binary system was obtained. The calculation results agree well with the available experimental data from literatures.