Pharmacological studies on thiamine deficiency IV. Blood catecholamine content and blood pressure of thiamine deficient rats

Zusammenfassung Wegen der Senkung des Blut-Katecholamin-Spiegels in unter experimentell erzeugtem Thiaminmangel stehenden Ratten kommt es zu einer Hypotonie. Die Abschwächung der spontanen Freisetzung des Katecholamins aus dem katecholaminspeichernden Gewebe bei Thiaminmangelratten ist als ein Faktor bei der Aminakkumulation bei Thiaminmangel zu denken.     

Effects of pyrithiamine and oxythiamine on the thiamine content of tissues and blood pyruvate in mice

Riassunto La Piritiamina, somministrata per bocca in una singola dose di 0,5 mg a topolini di 12–14 g che ricevono 2 µg di tiaminapro die, non produce la sindrome neuromuscolare caratteristica dell'avitaminosi B₁ e non modifica nè la piruvicemia nè il livello di vitamina nel fegato, mentre lo fa abbassare nel muscolo e nel cervello. Se i topolini non ricevono tiamina, la stessa dose di Piritiamina dà perdita di peso, sindrome neuromuscolare in tutti gli animali trattati e cospicuo abbassamento del livello di vitamina B₁ nel cervello. Nelle stesse condizioni sperimentali, l'Ossitiamina, somministrataper os una sola volta in dosi di 0,5 e 2 mg, non dà alcuna sintomatologia neuromuscolare e non modifica nè il peso corporeo, nè il piruvato ematico, nè il contenuto in vitamina B₁ del muscolo e del cervello, solo abbassa il livello vitaminico del fegato.Questi risultati non sono in favore dell'ipotesi di una funzione della tiamina distinta da quella della cocarbossilasi.     

The effects of intracerebrally injected oxythiamine on free thiamine and thiamine phosphates content of rat brain

Riassunto L'iniezione intracerebrale di 0,6 moli di OTh nel ratto causa duraturi sintomi di ipereccitabilità e, dopo 24 ore, una modesta diminuzione del contenuto cérébrale di Th fosforilata. L'iniezione di 0,15 moli causa soltanto una molto lieve diminuzione del contenuto che compare al quarto giorno dall'iniezione.     

Blood pressure and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Correlation between hypertension and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was demonstrated using aortae from certain strains of rats with various levels of spontaneous hypertension. It was also observed that the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation is the secondary change due to hypertension, and the level and duration of hypertension is the determinant factor of the impairment.     

Blood pressure and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Summary Correlation between hypertension and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was demonstrated using aortae from certain strains of rats with various levels of spontaneous hypertension. It was also observed that the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation is the secondary change due to hypertension, and the level and duration of hypertension is the determinant factor of the impairment.     

Physiological studies on the effects of nutritional imbalance on the central nervous system. II. Effects of thiamine deficiency on oxidative enzymes in the brain of chicken, Gallus domesticus.

The activitiy levels of succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in the fore, mid and hind brain regions of the thiamine deficient chicken, Gallus domesticus were determined. The activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase in all the 3 regions of brain showed augmentation on inducing thiamine deficiency. In contrast the activity levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreased in the brain of thiamine deficient animals. It is suggested that these changes in the oxidative enzymes indicate disturbance caused in the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in thiamine deficiency.     

Physiological studies on the effects of nutritional imbalance on the central nervous system. II. Effects of thiamine deficiency on oxidative enzymes in the brain of chicken,Gallus domesticus

Summary The activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in the fore, mid and hind brain regions of the thiamine deficient chicken,Gallus domesticus were determined. The activity levels of scccinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase in all the 3 regions of brain showed augmentation on inducing thiamine deficiency. In contrast the activity levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreased in the brain of thiamine deficient animals. It is suggested that these changes in the oxidative enzymes indicate disturbance caused in the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in thiamine deficiency.     

Effect of prolonged hypokinesia on thiamine phosphoric esters content in rat myocardium

Summary Under the effect of prolonged immobilization, the content of thiaminemono-, thiaminedi- and thiaminetriphosphate in rat myocardium decreases.     

Effect of thiamine hydrochloride on the blood level of 2-formyl 1-methyl pyridinium oxime chloride (2-PAM.C1) in rats.

The biological half-life of 2-PAM.C1 was found to increase in female rats pretreated with thiamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg i.m.). No such effect was observed in the male rats.     

Effect of thiamine hydrochloride on the blood level of 2-formyl 1-methyl pyridinium oxime chloride (2-PAM.Cl) in rats

Summary The biological half-life of 2-PAM.Cl was found to increase in female rats pretreated with thiamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg i.m.). No such effect was observed in the male rats.Dr B.L. Chowdhri very kindly synthesized the compound 2-PAM.Cl in the Department of Chemistry of this establishment for this work.The authors are thankful to Dr P.K. Ramachandran, Director, and Dr A.K. Chatterjee, Deputy Director, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, for their keen interest in this work.     

Pathogenesis of the uremic syndrome. Pharmacological studies on acetoin and 2,3-butylene glycol

Zusammenfassung Acetoin und 2,3-Butylenglykol entstehen bei Menschen und Tieren aus Brenztraubensäure. Beide Substanzen bewirken bei Mäusen Narkose. Bei Ratten tritt der Bezold-Jarisch-Reflex auf. Die Rolle von Acetoin und 2,3-Butylenglykol bei urämischen und hepatischen Bewusstseinsstörungen wird diskutiert.

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The study was aided by grants from Schweizerischer Nationalfonds' and from F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG, Basel.

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3rd Communication. 2nd Commun. see:F. Bigler, H. Thölen, andH. Staub, Helv. physiol. pharmacol. Acta19, C 11 (1961).     

Depressor effect of synthetic peptides related to ACTH on blood pressure in rats

Summary The depressor effects of natural and synthetic ACTH peptides were demonstrated in the rat. This is an extra-adrenal action of ACTH and is not related to the adrenal-stimulating or melanocyte-stimulating activity of the peptide.     

On the effect of amantadine on ATP content and ATPase activity in brain and blood of rats

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass Amantadin-HCl die Aktivität der K–Na-ATPase im Hirnstamm von Ratten erhöht. Für diese Wirkung bei extrapyramidalen Syndromen wird die Veränderung der Membranpermeabilität verantwortlich gemacht.     

Zinc deficiency and lung converting enzyme activity in rats.

Angiotensin converting enzyme activity was found to be significantly decreased in the isolated perfused lung from zinc-deficient rats when compared with that of controls. Addition of zinc ion to the superfusion medium did not cause a recovery in this decreased activity of the enzyme. It is postulated that zinc deficiency probably produces a structural change in the lung angiotensin converting enzyme.