黄骅拗陷新生代构造样式及其演化

为了揭示黄骅拗陷新生代盆地原型、恢复盆地构造演化历史,运用油区构造解析理论,对黄骅拗陷新生代盆地构造样式及其演化进行综合分析,认为盆区存在伸展式和走滑式两种基本构造样式。在盆地尺度内,按断层几何学和运动学特点,伸展构造样式可进一步分为伸展拗陷、伸展拗断、地堑断陷、多米诺半地堑断陷、滚动半地堑断陷、复式半地堑断陷、跷跷板断陷、伸展断拗8种次级构造样式,并基本遵循伸展拗陷—伸展拗断—伸展断陷—伸展断拗演化序列,这种演化序列与岩石圈的流变学特征和递进伸展变形过程有关。走滑构造样式受深断裂走滑作用控制,可分为雁列式走滑构造和帚状断层组。     

伊通地堑构造样式及其油气分布规律

在对伊通地堑三维地震资料进行系统的构造解析的基础上 ,结合区域地质和钻井资料 ,对伊通地堑构造样式进行了详细的解剖 ,并简要分析了不同构造样式的油气分布规律 .结果表明 ,伊通地堑构造样式以“基底卷入型”为主 ,从盆地的动力学机制上属于“走滑 -拉分型”,进一步可概括为5个类型构造样式 ,分别是 :台阶式断块型、掀斜反转型、简单掀斜型、不对称双断型和伸展断块型 ,而且每一个断陷都以一种构造样式占主体 ,其展布具有明显的规律性 .构造样式的差异是造成不同断陷具有独特油气分布规律的主导因素     

乌石凹陷构造特征及其对油气成藏的影响

乌石凹陷是一个受南北两条控凹断裂控制的箕状断陷,7号断层控制东洼,南断北超,6号断层控制西洼,北断南超,东西洼之间是以堑背斜来转换两洼之间地势差的构造转换带.乌石凹陷发育两种具叠加特征的构造样式:伸展构造样式和反转构造样式.伸展构造样式包括古新世长流期伸展,始新世流沙港期强伸展和渐新世涠洲期弱伸展,有半地堑型、堑垒型、...     

建昌-喀左盆地中生代构造演化

为了探讨建昌—喀左盆地中生代演化规律，根据地层接触关系和构造特征，建昌—喀左盆地中生代地层可划分为早三叠世构造层、侏罗纪构造层和早白垩世构造层；早三叠世—侏罗纪末发育收缩构造样式、白垩纪发育伸展构造样式。从各构造样式的特点得出建昌—喀左盆地中生代构造演化：早三叠世—侏罗纪末，地球半径减小、岩石圈板块白转加快且向两极漂移。由于太平洋板块相对欧亚板块向北漂移。在盆地所在区形成收缩构造样式；进入白垩纪，地球半径增加、岩石圈板块自转减慢且向赤道漂移。由于太平洋板块相对欧亚板块向南漂移。在盆地所在区形成伸展构造样式。     

我国南方中生代含煤岩系中的沉积叠瓦状构造及其成因类型

本文给出了沉积叠瓦状构造的一般定义,指出了该种沉积构造是同沉积构造的重要类型之一.在对其沉积特征描述基础上,划分出了沉积叠瓦状构造的主要成因类型,并初步探讨了沉积叠瓦状构造形成的地质背景以及在盆地分析中的重要意义.     

华北克拉通西北部早元古代逆冲构造及其意义

华北克拉通西北部发育一系列早元古代的逆冲构造，它们在岩石组成、构造样式、产状、运动方式和时代等方面的特征具有明显的一致性，表明该地区在早元古代经历了一次强烈的造山作用．这次造山作用使华北克拉通西北部形成．     

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构

青藏高原东缘岩石圈及软流圈结构的研究是认识该区域地壳上地幔的构造形变及高原内部物质向东运移的重要手段。通过搜集四川区域数字地震台站和野外临时地震台站记录的观测资料,采用接收函数共转换点(CCP)偏移叠加成像方法对青藏高原东缘深部结构研究。研究结果揭示:青藏高原东缘的地壳厚度比四川盆地的地壳厚度大10~20km;在青藏高原东缘与四川盆地的过渡地带,莫霍面处存在大幅度的垂向错断和变形。从青藏高原东缘到四川盆地,岩石圈与软流圈分界面(LAB)显示出深度逐步增加、410km间断面深度则有变浅的趋势。在地壳的下界面和LAB界面间以及LAB界面与410km间断面间也存在多条不连续的分层。青藏高原东缘和四川盆地的LAB界面的下方都有明显的低速层分布,但它们之间存在差别,四川盆地的LAB界面的下方低速层分布较为完整,而青藏高原东缘LAB界面下方的低速层分布中可见离散的高速块体分布。青藏高原东缘与四川盆地深部结构的明显差异,体现了该地区的深部地球动力学背景的复杂性。     

中扬子区海相地层层序样式及其油气地质意义

通过对中扬子区层序样式基本类型和特点的研究 ,认为该区存在 T型、H型和 TH型三种基本样式 ,它们的层序特点不同 ,沉积特征有异 ,成因模式有别。从沉积学角度探讨了成藏条件 ,认为层序样式对成藏条件具有重要影响。在克拉通沉积区 ,烃源岩主要位于 H型层序样式的 TST;储集岩主要与 H型层序样式的 HST有关 ;良好盖层主要与 H型层序样式的 TST有关     

伊通地堑构造样式及其油气分布规律

在对伊通地堑三维地震资料进行系统的构造解析的基础上，结合区域地质和钻井资料，对伊通地暂构造样式进行了详细的解剖，并简要分析了不同构造样式的油气分布规律。结果表明，伊通地暂构造样式以“基底卷入型”为主，从盆地的动力学机制上属于“走滑－拉分型”，进一步可概括为5个类型构造样式，分别是：台阶式断块型、掀斜反转型、简单掀斜型、不对称双断型和伸展断块型，而且每一个断陷都以一种构造样式占主体，其展布具有明显的规律性。构造样式的差异是造成不同断陷具有独特油气分布规律的主导因素。     

中国西部中新生代沉积盆地变形构造形成与演化模式

重点讨论了中国西部中新生代大型沉积盆地变形构造的几何结构样式、形成与演化模式。由沉积盆地边缘到中心可划分为盆缘叠瓦逆冲断层带、盆内断层三角构造带、盆内冲起构造带和中央宽缓褶皱构造带四个变形构造带。从而首次建立起中国西部中新生代大型沉积盆地内变形构造形成与演化的褶推式四维变形模式。     

华南块体各向异性分区及上地幔动力学含义

利用SKS波分裂方法,对布设在华南地区的宽频带流动地震观测台阵数据进行分析。研究结果表明,华南块体(SCB)的SKS波分裂自西向东存在明显的变化。在华南块体西部克拉通岩石圈保留完整的四川盆地区域,SKS波分裂不明显,反映该区域岩石圈厚且缺乏大规模的一致性变形;在四川盆地东缘褶皱带区域,SKS波分裂快波方向主要为NNE向,分裂延迟时间可以达到1s左右,记录了该区域岩石圈地幔经历的一致的显著变形;华南块体东部的SKS波分裂快波方向主要为ENE向,分裂延迟时间为1s左右,该区域各向异性主要来自软流圈流动的贡献,与大地幔楔的流动方向契合;四川盆地东缘以东200km范围内,各向异性结果大部分显示为Null值,显示该区域在地质历史上可能发生过复杂的地球动力学过程。     

The depth distribution of azimuthal anisotropy in the continental upper mantle

The most likely cause of seismic anisotropy in the Earth's upper mantle is the lattice preferred orientation of anisotropic minerals such as olivine. Its presence reflects dynamic processes related to formation of the lithosphere as well as to present-day tectonic motions. A powerful tool for detecting and characterizing upper-mantle anisotropy is the analysis of shear-wave splitting measurements. Because of the poor vertical resolution afforded by this type of data, however, it has remained controversial whether the splitting has a lithospheric origin that is 'frozen-in' at the time of formation of the craton, or whether the anisotropy originates primarily in the asthenosphere, and is induced by shear owing to present-day absolute plate motions. In addition, predictions from surface-wave-derived models are largely incompatible with shear-wave splitting observations. Here we show that this disagreement can be resolved by simultaneously inverting surface waveforms and shear-wave splitting data. We present evidence for the presence of two layers of anisotropy with different fast-axis orientations in the cratonic part of the North American upper mantle. At asthenospheric depths (200-400 km) the fast axis is sub-parallel to the absolute plate motion, confirming the presence of shear related to current tectonic processes, whereas in the lithosphere (80-200 km), the orientation is significantly more northerly. In the western, tectonically active, part of North America, the fast-axis direction is consistent with the absolute plate motion throughout the depth range considered, in agreement with a much thinner lithosphere.     

Upper mantle SH velocity structure beneath Qiangtang Terrane by modeling triplicated phases

We constrain SH wave velocity structure for the upper mantle beneath western Qiangtang Terrane by comparing regional distance seismic triplicated waveforms with synthetic seismograms, based on an intermediate event （-220 km） recorded by the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array. The ATIP model reveals a low-velocity anomaly with up to -4% variation at the depth of 190-270 km and a relatively small velocity gradient above the depth of 410 km in the upper mantle, which is in agreement with previous results. In combination with other geological studies, we suggest that the depth of top asthenosphere is 190 km and no large-scale lithosphere thinning occurs in western Qiangtang Terrane, besides, Qiangtang Terrane has the same kind of upper mantle structure as the stable Eurasia.     

Comparison of mantle-derived matierals from different spatiotemporal settings: Implications for destructive and accretional processes of the North China Craton

Cratonic destruction or lithospheric thinning beneath North China makes it as one of the most ideal areas for the studying on the formation and evolution of continent. However, the mechanism, time, range and dynamic setting of the destruction, even the lithospheric status before the destruction, are contentious. The comparison among mantle xenoliths in the volcanic rocks from different captured times （e.g. Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic） and locations （e.g. intra-plate or its rim, the translithospheric Tanlu fault or the North-South Gravity Line）, and peridotitic massifs within the Sulu-Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton, indicates that （1） the cratonic lithosphere is heterogeneous in structure and composition, and contains mantle weak zones; and （2） the Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithospheric thinning process is complex, including lateral spreading of lithosphere, interaction between melt and peridotite, non-even asthenospheric erosion （huge lithospheric thinning）, and the limited lithospheric accretion and thus thickening, which resulted in the final replacement of the refractory cratonic lithosphere by juvenile fertile mantle. In early Mesozoic, the integrity of the North China Craton was interrupted, even destroyed by subduction and collision of the Yangtze block. The mantle wedge of the North China Craton was also metasomatized and modified by melt/fluids revealed from the subducted Yangtze continent. Lithospheric mantle extension and tectonic intrusion of the North China Craton also occurred, accompanied by the asthenospheric upwelling that due to the detachement of the subducted Yangtze continent （orogenic root）. During early Cretaceous-early Tertiary, the huge thinning of lithosphere was triggered by the upwelling asthenosphere due to the subduction of the Pacific plate. Since late Tertiary, the cooling of the upwelling asthenosphere resulted in the replacement of the mantle in existence by the newly accreted lithosphere, accompanied with a little thickness in lithosphere and thus finally achieved the lithospheric thinning as a whole. The translithospheric faults, such as the Tanlu fault, play excellent channels for asthenospheric upwelling. Meanwhile, the channels in lithosphere are usually irregular, which resulted in different eruption times of magma. Peridotite xenolith in the basalts erupted at 100 Ma is mainly fertile, indicating such a fact, that is, the mantle replacement occurred before the eruption （e.g. 125--100 Ma） beneath the eastern part of the North China Craton.     

中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义

中国大陆及邻近陆域海域是晚古生代以来由多个较小的板块或地块汇聚形成的.中生代亚洲东部岩石圈拉张解体和减薄.古新世印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞引起地壳缩短隆升,形成青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带.根据中国大陆及相邻区域天然地震、人工地震及其他地学资料, 采用多学科多手段进行反演.对沉积层、地壳、岩石圈厚度进行研究,探讨中国大陆及相邻陆域海域岩石圈结构特征及深部动力学问题.     

A sharp lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary imaged beneath eastern North America

Plate tectonic theory hinges on the concept of a relatively rigid lithosphere moving over a weaker asthenosphere, yet the nature of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary remains poorly understood. The gradient in seismic velocity that occurs at this boundary is central to constraining the physical and chemical properties that create differences in mechanical strength between the two layers. For example, if the lithosphere is simply a thermal boundary layer that is more rigid owing to colder temperatures, mantle flow models indicate that the velocity gradient at its base would occur over tens of kilometres. In contrast, if the asthenosphere is weak owing to volatile enrichment or the presence of partial melt, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary could occur over a much smaller depth range. Here we use converted seismic phases in eastern North America to image a very sharp seismic velocity gradient at the base of the lithosphere-a 3-11 per cent drop in shear-wave velocity over a depth range of 11 km or less at 90-110 km depth. Such a strong, sharp boundary cannot be reconciled with a purely thermal gradient, but could be explained by an asthenosphere that contains a few per cent partial melt or that is enriched in volatiles relative to the lithosphere.     

粤北牛岱辉绿岩脉的地球化学特征及其成因研究

牛岱辉绿岩脉位于粤北诸广岩体南部.牛岱辉绿岩具有低SiO2 (45.04％ ～48.64％)、高TiO2( 2.02％～ 3.23％)和TFeO含量(17.00％～ 19.80％)、富集K,Rb,Ba等大离子亲石元素和La,Nd,Eu,Tb等稀土元素、Nb-Ta亏损轻微、稀土总量较高(112.1×10-6 ～132.7...     

松辽盆地中、新生代构造特征及其演化

松辽盆地发育在大陆内部古生宙－元古宙基底之上，出现在中生代火山岩带的后缘，经历了晚侏罗世地幔上隆、陆壳坳陷，早白垩世大规模岩浆上涌、引张裂陷、晚白垩世盆地挤压、构造反转和新生代较小幅度伸展断陷多阶段的构造演化。研究表明，发生在松辽盆地的从岩石圈伸展减薄到挤压增厚再到拉伸的复杂动力学演化过程是中生代伊泽奈崎大洋岩石圈朝东亚陆缘俯冲－碰撞作用的结果，松辽盆地的形成演化与洋壳运动方向、俯冲角度、俯冲速率的变化、俯冲带位置的迁移、大陆内部对洋壳消减了作用的响应方式等因素密切相关。     

Anisotropy of thermal diffusivity in the upper mantle.

Heat transfer in the mantle is a key process controlling the Earth's dynamics. Upper-mantle mineral phases, especially olivine, have been shown to display highly anisotropic thermal diffusivity at ambient conditions, and seismic anisotropy data show that preferred orientations of olivine induced by deformation are coherent at large scales (>50 km) in the upper mantle. Thus heat transport in the upper mantle should be anisotropic. But the thermal anisotropy of mantle minerals at high temperature and its relationship with deformation have not been well constrained. Here we present petrophysical modelling and laboratory measurements of thermal diffusivity in deformed mantle rocks between temperatures of 290 and 1,250 K that demonstrate that deformation may induce a significant anisotropy of thermal diffusivity in the uppermost mantle. We found that heat transport parallel to the flow direction is up to 30 per cent faster than that normal to the flow plane. Such a strain-induced thermal anisotropy implies that the upper-mantle temperature distribution, rheology and, consequently, its dynamics, will depend on deformation history. In oceans, resistive drag flow would result in lower vertical diffusivities in both the lithosphere and asthenosphere and hence in less effective heat transfer from the convective mantle. In continents, olivine orientations frozen in the lithosphere may induce anisotropic heating above mantle plumes, favouring the reactivation of pre-existing structures.