瑞雷面波在地下空洞探测中的应用

在公路建设、民用建筑改造过程中,地下空洞是工程安全的潜在威胁,弄清地下空洞、洞穴的分布情况是工程进行设计施工前需要解决的重要问题之一,而选择合适的探测方法则对勘察结果的准确程度有着重要的影响。瑞雷波检测的物理基础是瑞雷波传播速度VR与岩土体物理力学性质的密切相关性和VR与频率f的相关性,即瑞雷波的频散特性。与常规物探方法相比较,瑞雷波勘探具有分辨率高、应用范围广、受场地影响小、检测设备简单、检测速度快等优点,能够胜任大面积地下空洞的检测。本文从理论和方法上介绍了利用瑞雷波检测地下空洞的可行性,并应用这种方法对北京某库房建设工程场地进行了地下空洞检测,检测结果表明瑞雷面波方法探测结果准确可靠,操作简便易行,拥有广阔的应用前景。     

扩展空间自相关法用于线性阵列时加权拟合问题研究

针对扩展空间自相关法拟合问题,分析了系统误差和方差这两种加权因素,讨论了它们对估算相速度的影响。实验采用10个台站组成的线形阵列。结果表明:有无根据系统误差加权拟合,相速度差别较大;有无根据方差加权拟合,相速度差别较小,但个别值有明显改变;加权前后得到的频散曲线有明显差别。应用扩展空间自相关法时,必须根据系统误差和方差确定合理权值,才能更准确估算相速度。     

瞬态瑞雷面波法在公路工程质量检测中的应用

本文结合作者多年来从事的高速公路工程质量检测的项目经验，介绍了瞬态瑞雷面波法的概念和测试原理，并简要叙述了瞬态瑞雷面波法在高速公路工程质量检测中的优点，结合工程案例，阐述了瞬态瑞雷面波法在高速公路工程检测中的具体应用。     

Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton

This article presents an overview on recent developments in studies of chemical and physical processes of lithospheric delamination with respect to destruction of the North China Craton. It is emphasized that the pyroxenite source resulting from interaction between eclogite-derived melt and peridotite is a direct consequence of delamination. The pyroxenite source thus formed has unique mineralogical and geochemical features, which characterize Mesozoic basalts of the North China Craton. Melt-peridotite interaction played an important role in refertilization of cratonic lithospheric mantle, leading to density increase, weakening and final destabilization of the North China Craton. The nature of the melt is the key to distinguish mechanisms of destructing this craton.     

Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Mesozoic basalts from the North China Craton： A case study in Fuxin, Liaoning Province

Occurrence of Cretaceous basalts in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province provides us an opportunity to understand Mesozoic mantle processes beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton (NNCC). Fuxin Jianguo basalts occur as volcanic channel phases with well-developed columnar jointings and contain few spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite xenoliths. They are poor in silica and rich in alkalis, Ti and Al, belonging to alkaline basalts. In trace element compositions, Jianguo basalts are moderately enriched in LREE and LILE, but not depleted in HFSE. They have low Sr and high Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that Jianguo basalts originated from the depleted asthenosphere, representing an undifferentiated and uncontaminated primitive magma. Presence of these basalts indicates that the lithosphere beneath the region had thickness less than 65 km at the time of basalt eruption and was mainly composed of fertile pargasite-bearing spinel Iherzolite and plagioclase pyroxenite. The voluminous basaltic-andesitic magmatism during the early Jurassic-late Cretaceous time indicates that the commencement and accomplishment of lithosphere thinning in the NNCC was much earlier than that in the southern margin, since the mafic-intermediate volcanism only occurred at the Cretaceous time in the southern margin and the basalts with an asthenosphere isotopic signature at the Tertiary. This shows that highly spatial and temporal heterogeneity existed in the Mesozoic lithosphere evolution.     

瞬态瑞雷波法在地基加固检测中的应用

从瑞雷面波在具有表面层介质中的传播情况入手,得出成层介质中的瑞雷波具有频散特性.利用二维傅式变换可以将时间—空间域的瑞雷波信号转换为二维频率波数谱,从中选择和提取瑞雷基波,有效地压制干扰波.加固前后瑞雷波波速在纵向和横向的变化,直接反映出地基的加固程度和均匀性,从而简单、有效地评价地基加固效果     

瞬态瑞利波法在秦峪滑坡勘查中的应用

秦峪滑坡是国道212线上最严重的滑坡之一,是在断裂带基础上发育的多层次、多期次大型滑坡群组合体.在探测覆盖层的厚度、基岩埋深、滑坡的滑动面等方面,瞬态瑞利波勘探是一种有效的地震勘探手段,为此利用瞬态瑞利波勘探方法对秦峪滑坡进行了勘探,基本查明了滑坡的剖面结构,为国道212线秦峪滑坡的治理以及拟建兰州一海口高速公路的选线和设计提供理论依据.     

Hf isotopes of the 3.8 Ga zircons in eastern Hebei Province, China： Implications for early crustal evolution of the North China Craton

Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the fuchsite quartzite in eastern Hebei Province was derived from weathering and erosion of the 3.6-3.8 Ga granitic rocks. In-situ zircon Hf analyses show that the Lu-Hf isotopic system remained closed during later thermal disturbances. Zircons with concordant ages have Hf isotopic model ages of about 3.8 Ga, suggesting a recycling of this ancient crust. The -3.8 Ga zircons have similar Hf isotopic compositions to those of chondrite, indicating that their source rocks （granitic rocks） were derived from partial melting of the juvenile crust which originated from a mantle without significant crust-mantle differentiation. Therefore, it is proposed that there was no large-scale crustal growth before -3.8 Ga in eastern Hebei Province. Considering zircon Hf isotopic data from other areas, it is concluded that the most ancient crust in the North China Craton probably formed at about 4.0 Ga, and the possibility to find crust older than 4.0 Ga is very limited.     

First SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages for Hutuo Group in Wutaishan： Further evidence for Palaeoproterozoic amalgamation of North China Craton

A felsic tuffaceous rock, obtained from a metamorphosed sequence of volcanics and sediments of the Hutuo Group, 8 km south of Taihuai in Wutaishan, contains two zircon populations. These record SHRIMP 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean ages of 2180±5 Ma and 2087±9 Ma, respectively. The older date is within error of the age of the Dawaliang Granite in Wutaishan and is considered to be     

华北克拉通北缘典型高锶花岗岩区域锶型矿泉水分布特征及成因

华北克拉通北缘存在大量高锶花岗岩体,但其周边区域锶型矿泉水的赋存情况鲜有研究.首次以都山岩体作为典型高锶花岗岩,通过水文地质调查、水样采集、化验分析等方法,对其周边区域锶型矿泉水的分布和形成机理进行了分析.同时对寿王坟岩体、碾子峪岩体、小寺沟岩体、杨杖子岩体等四处高锶花岗岩体周边区域水体进行调查取样分析,以验证锶型矿泉...     

Precipitation of rutile needles in garnet from sillimanite-bearing pelitic granulite from the Khondalite Belt,North China Craton

Pelitic granulite from the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton, is composed of garnet, sillimanite, perthite, biotite and quartz. Oriented rutile needles in gar- net are reported for the first time from the granulite. The rutile needles have been identified by optical microscopy and confirmed by in situ Raman spectroscopy, where they show the characteristic bands at 446-448 and 610 cm-1. Because of their very strong shape preferred orientation in 3-4 easily observable directions, these futile needles are interpreted to have formed by precipitation during exhu- mation and cooling following peak metamorphism. The ternary feldspar geothermometer gives a peak metamorphic temperature of ,- 980 ℃ at 10 kbar. The presence of oriented rutile needles in garnet is suggested to be a valuable indicator of ultrahigh-temperature （UHT） metamorphism in the Khondalite Belt and therefore likely in other UHT terrains.     

Uppermost mantle structure of the North China Craton: Constraints from interstation Pn travel time difference tomography

The uppermost mantle is the key area for exchange of heat flux and material convection between the crust and lithospheric mantle. Spatial variations of lithospheric thinning and dynamic processes in the North China Craton could inevitably induce the velocity heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle. In this study, we used Pn arrivals from permanent seismic stations in North China and surrounding regions to construct a tomographic image of the North China Craton. The tomographic method with Pn travel time difference data were used to study the velocity variations in the uppermost mantle. Pn velocities in the uppermost mantle varied significantly in the Eastern, Central and Western blocks of the North China Craton. This suggests that the lithosphere beneath different blocks of the North China Craton have experienced distinct tectonic evolutions and dynamic processes since the Paleozoic. The current uppermost mantle has been imprinted by these tectonic and dynamic processes. Fast Pn velocities are prominent beneath the Bohai Bay Basin in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, suggesting residuals of the Archean lithospheric mantle. Beneath the Tanlu Fault Zone and Bohai Sea, slow Pn velocities are present in the uppermost mantle, which can be attributed to significant lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric upwelling. The newly formed lithospheric mantle beneath Yanshan Mountain may be the dominant reason for the existence of slow Pn velocities in this region. Conversely, the ancient lower crust and lithospheric mantle already have been delaminated. In the Central Block, significant slow Pn velocities are present in Taihangshan Mountain, which also extends northward to the Yinchuan-Hetao Rift on the northern margin of the Ordos Block and Yinshan Orogen. This characteristic probably is a result of hot asthenospheric upwelling along the active tectonic boundary on the margin of the Western Block. The protracted thermal erosion and underplating of hot asthenospheric upwelling may induce lithospheric thinning and significant slow velocities in the uppermost mantle. Fast velocities beneath the Western Block suggest that the thick, cold and refractory Archean lithospheric keel of craton still is retained without apparent destruction.