气孔对发气膨胀固井水泥石强度影响

发气膨胀剂产生的气孔具有补偿水泥石体积收缩及改善水泥石韧性的双重作用,对不同气孔体积比率的固井水泥石的抗压强度及水泥-套管界面胶结强度进行测试,并结合气孔结构显微观察对试验结果进行理论分析。结果表明:随着气孔体积比率增加,水泥石抗压强度及界面胶结强度先升高然后下降,进而又升高;气孔直径越均一,越利于提高水泥石强度;表面收缩压使半径不同的气孔内压力不同,小气孔内压力大于大气孔内压力;气孔间压力差增加了气孔边界骨架错位的可能性及小气孔沿着界面窜入大气孔内的趋势,从而降低水泥石的抗压强度和界面胶结强度;气孔通过影响水泥石的自应力、骨架应力和胶结面积,进而影响水泥石的抗压强度和界面胶结强度。     

水平井大规模压裂固井水泥石性能设计方法

水平井大规模压裂对固井水泥石性能提出了更高的要求，不仅要求水泥石有一定的抗压强度，还需要具备一定变形能力。目前普遍采用的标准已不能满足水平井大规模压裂对水泥环密封性的要求。基于压裂工况条件下水泥环受力分析模型，综合考虑水泥环拉伸破坏和界面剥离破坏两种失效形式，提出了一种能满足大规模压裂密封要求的固井水泥石性能设计方法，建立了包含弹性模量、泊松比以及抗拉强度（或屈服强度）的固井水泥石性能指标控制图版，量化了水泥石的杨氏模量、泊松比、抗拉强度（或屈服强度）之间的关系。根据该指标控制图版进行水泥石性能设计，可以有效减少水泥环破坏的风险。建立了玛湖油田大规模压裂水平井固井指标控制图版，并根据该控制图版优选了弹韧性水泥浆体系，该体系现场应用10余口井，顺利完成了井口压力增量90 MPa的储层压裂改造，效果良好，达到了预期产量。     

板翅式冷板表面温度分布的数值计算和实验研究

提出了一种新的冷板简化数学模型,把翅片折合成导热系数为各向异性的等效厚度层实芯板,将冷板与空气的对流换热作为等效层的穗态导热问题,计算了表面热源非均匀条件下冷板的温度分布．对2种飞机环控系统电子设备冷却用冷板进行了实验研究,测量了不同雷诺数、不同热源分布情况下冷板的表面温度分布．结果表明,数值计算结果与实验结果的最大误差小于8％．模型大大简化了数值计算,并能有效地预测电子元件安装部位的板面温度,这为评价冷板性能、优化冷板设计方案提供了一种有效的分析手段．     

室内外导热系数测试差异对地源热泵系统换热设计的影响研究——以黑龙江省鸡西市MJX01钻孔为例

为了研究不同方法所得到的导热系数差异对地源热泵系统换热设计的影响,以黑龙江省鸡西市MJX01钻孔为例,通过对该钻孔开展室外测温热响应测试和室内岩石热导率系数的试验测试,利用多场耦合数值模拟软件TOUGH2-MP建立了数值分析模型。结果表明,室内试验测试获得的导热系数普遍低于室外热响应测试。数值分析模型以热响应测试结果为标准,定量评价了不同测试方法得到的导热系数差异对钻孔换热造成的影响,得出分布式测温计算的方法。本研究不仅能够计算出不同层位岩石的原位导热系数,更有助于预测不同深度地层的吸热能力,为优化钻孔热交换器设计深度提供依据。     

H_2S对固井材料的腐蚀过程研究

针对油气田开采中固井水泥石易受损害、不够牢固的问题,开展了H2S对固井材料腐蚀过程的研究。研究分为两个方面:通过对H2S气体与碳酸钙和弱碱性含水碳酸盐的腐蚀过程的研究,获得了水泥石中所有化合物的稳定性顺序,对腐蚀产物体积变化研究后认为,水泥石的破坏是因为在水泥石孔隙空间积累了腐蚀产物;通过对溶解在液体中的H2S对水泥石的腐蚀研究,得到了H2S对水泥石腐蚀的影响因素,认为,降低与固井水泥石接触的岩层的孔隙率和渗透性,可以降低水泥石的被腐蚀速度。研究成果对高含硫储层的开采具有一定意义。     

基于激光点热源非稳态传热模型测固体材料热物性参数

提出一种基于激光点热源非稳态传热模型测各向同性固体材料热物性参数的新方法.引入镜像热源理论修正绝热边界对测点温升的影响,建立数学模型,利用数值解法结合计算机编程计算材料导热系数和热扩散率,并研制了热物性测试系统.利用真空泵获得试样容器内的低真空环境,由激光发生器发射激光束加热试样一角,温度传感器测量试样上表面温度,通过无线信号发射单元监测温度变化情况.对硼硅玻璃(Pyrex7740)、大理石、硅藻土耐火砖、硅砖和锆质砖进行热物性综合测试.结果表明:前4种导热系数相对较低的试样的测试值与参考值的相对偏差最大不超过2.76%,测试精度较高.导热系数相对较大的锆质砖的测试值与参考值的相对偏差达到了6.38%,测试精度较低.测试系统不确定度分析也表明,被测试样导热系数越大,测试值与真值间的可信度越低,本装置更适用于导热系数小于3.0 W/(m·K)的固体材料.     

秸秆纤维复合墙体的湿热耦合特性及热爆机理

通过非稳态热流法和PCK实验装置测定秸秆纤维复合墙体的基本热物理量,研究了温度对秸秆纤维复合墙体的热传导和湿迁移特性的影响,并得到了导热系数、湿迁移系数与温度的简化关系式.考虑秸秆纤维增强水泥非均匀的材料特性,建立了秸秆纤维复合墙体在火灾条件下的一维湿热耦合数值分析模型,实现了材料试件由裂纹萌生、扩展到贯通的全过程数值模拟.对比不同时刻材料试件的温度分布、压力分布和裂纹深度,研究了各试件的峰值强度、裂纹深度和爆裂特性.对不同含水率的秸秆纤维复合墙体进行受热后的现场测试,验证材料的热爆性能及数值分析结果,结果表明:两者基本一致,且湿迁移系数越大,压力峰值越大,材料越不易爆裂.     

基于压电陶瓷的固井水泥石损伤检测

固井水泥的裂缝损伤检测对于油气钻井井壁稳定性具有重要实际意义。基于压电陶瓷传感器的主动感应法,对固井水泥石进行裂缝损伤检测,获得裂缝深度及数量变化对传感器所接受信号值的影响,通过小波包能量分析得到时域信号图及小波包能量图,计算并分析其损伤指标。结合单轴试验对裂缝性固井水泥石进行轴压并分析其强度,且对裂缝深度与强度及损伤指标进行函数拟合。结果表明,传感器所接收的信号值及轴压强度随固井水泥石损伤程度的增大而减小,损伤指标能较好地反映其损伤程度。基于压电陶瓷传感器的主动感应法能够有效地检测并评价固井水泥石的损伤状况。     

钇化合物对聚丙烯／空心玻璃微珠复合材料性能的影响

采用化学沉积法以六水硝酸钇对空心玻璃微珠的表面进行改性,利用力学性能测试仪、流变仪、差热扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪等设备评估了该稀土化合物对聚丙烯／空心玻璃微珠复合材料的力学强度、流变性能、结晶性能和晶型结构的影响．实验结果表明：硝酸钇能明显改善复合材料的界面相容性,随着改性液中六水硝酸钇浓度的增加,复合材料的力学强度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,最佳质量分数为0．5％;同时,当复合材料中空心玻璃微珠的填充量为20％时,与空心玻璃微珠未改性相比,改性后复合材料的拉仲强度、冲击强度和结晶温度分别提高了38．5％、33．8％和4．2℃;此外,该改性剂具有成核作用,可促进聚丙烯β型晶的形成．     

粗集料对水泥混凝土热工参数的影响

基于改进的光杠杆系统和护热平板法测定了水泥混凝土的线膨胀系数和导热系数,分析了粗集料类型以及粗集料含量对二者的影响．研究结果表明,粗集料类型不同时,集料本身的线膨胀系数越大,该种集料的混凝土线膨胀系数也越大,导热系数的变化规律也相同;粗集料类型相同时,线膨胀系数随粗集料含量的增加而增大,而导热系数在一定范围内随粗集料含量的增加而减小．此外,在10～50℃范围内逐级升高或降低相同温度时,混凝土膨胀量大致相同,膨胀量对不同温度区间的敏感性无明显差异．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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