龙卷风作用下大跨度桥梁车-轨-桥耦合振动及行车安全性

为研究龙卷风作用下大跨度桥梁车-轨-桥系统动力响应及行车安全性,首先以Kou-wen三维模型模拟龙卷风速度场,基于准定常理论确定了移动龙卷风作用下车辆和桥梁风荷载时程. 然后,分别采用多体系统动力学和有限元理论建立列车和轨道-桥梁子系统动力方程,基于轮轨空间非线性接触建立风-车-轨-桥系统动力方程,并采用分离迭代法求解系统动力响应. 数值算例中,以某公路铁路两用斜拉桥为研究对象,通过风洞试验和CFD数值模拟确定车辆和桥梁气动力系数,分析了龙卷风移动路径、强度等级和行车速度对车-桥系统动力响应及列车行车安全性的影响. 结果表明：桥梁竖向振动响应比横向显著,且龙卷风竖向风速对桥梁竖向位移起控制作用 . 当车辆经过风荷载最大位置时,车辆的横向和竖向振动响应均达到最大值,且车辆动力响应受龙卷风荷载和桥梁动力响应共同影响. EF1级和EF1.3级龙卷风作用下,列车安全通过的车速阈值分别为180 km/h和114 km/h.     

深基坑开挖引起的地表竖向变形分析

依托合肥市某深基坑开挖工程,用MIDAS/GTS对基坑开挖及支护全过程进行数值模拟,研究了基坑开挖过程中周围地表竖向位移发展规律,并将模拟结果与监测数据进行对比,监测数据与模拟结果较为吻合。在此基础上深入分析了深基坑开挖引起的地表竖向变形的影响因素。研究结果表明：随着基坑开挖深度的增加,开挖深度对地表竖向变形的影响增大,地表沉降规律呈“凹槽形”;地表沉降模拟最大值约为27.3 mm,监测最大值约为29 mm;地表最大竖向位移点位置对开挖深度不敏感,出现在离墙后约8 m的位置;地表竖向位移随周围荷载减小、土体弹性模量增大、钢支撑直径及钢支撑壁厚增大而有减小的趋势。     

非均匀地基在矩形移动荷载作用下的动力响应

利用半解析法研究矩形移动荷载作用下非均匀地基的动力响应问题.基于双向Fourier级数展开技术,建立矩形移动荷载作用下非均匀地基的动力计算模型,其中考虑地基剪切模量为随深度任意变化的连续函数.经过理论推导,给出非均匀地基在矩形移动荷载作用下地基中位移级数形式的解析解答.通过数值算例分析并讨论地基非均匀参数、荷载移动速度以及地基表面的剪切模量等对地基力学响应的影响规律.从数值计算结果看,表面土体的剪切模量越大、非均匀程度越大、移动荷载速度越小,都会使土体中各点的竖向位移减小.     

V-H组合荷载作用下基坑围护结构变形特性分析

为了探究竖向荷载(V)和水平荷载(H)组合作用下的地铁车站围护结构变形特性,以南宁地铁5号线某地铁车站基坑为依托,首先采用FLAC3D有限差分软件对基坑开挖支护进行数值模拟,将受V-H组合荷载和仅受水平荷载作用的基坑围护结构变形计算结果进行对比分析,然后将数值计算得到的规律与现场监测数据进行对比验证.结果表明:现场实监测值与数值计算值较吻合,受V-H组合荷载和仅受水平荷载作用的基坑围护桩变形形式一致,预先作用的竖向荷载对桩身变形形式的影响较小;预先作用的竖向荷载能使围护桩身最大水平位移位置下移,下移深度约为开挖深度的12.5％;监测结果显示,V-H组合荷载下的围护桩身最大水平位移增大约27％,削弱了围护桩的水平承载力,同时预先作用的竖向荷载使内支撑轴力增大约10％.     

基坑卸载对临近地铁车站影响的数值模拟研究

为探究西安地区黄土地层新建基坑开挖对邻近既有地铁车站的影响规律,依托西安某新建基坑实际工程,借助MIDAS GTS NX有限元软件建立了基坑与既有车站结构三维数值模型,研究新建基坑开挖全过程中围护结构变形与内力、既有地铁车站位移与周边地表沉降的响应规律,将模拟结果与实测结果对比验证其准确性。结果表明：基坑开挖过程中,围护结构位移较小,钢管内支撑可以有效控制围护结构的变形;既有车站最大侧向位移、竖向位移均出现于车站中间部位,侧向变形曲线呈典型的“内凸型”,竖直方向表现为沉降变形,变形增长速率随着基坑开挖深度的增加有所减小;车站周边地表沉降随基坑开挖逐渐增大,至基坑开挖结束,最大沉降值为-8.63 mm;数值模拟结果与现场监测数据规律一致且偏差较小,开挖完成后围护结构的最大位移为7.20 mm,既有车站侧墙中间部位的最大水平位移为1.18 mm,基坑施工风险较低,基坑卸载对临近既有地铁车站影响较小。     

车辆荷载影响下深基坑开挖稳定性分析

为分析车辆荷载对深基坑开挖稳定性的影响,文章将车辆荷载分别等效为集中静荷载和均布条形荷载;以实际工程为例,使用Midas/GTS软件,分别建立集中静荷载、均布条形荷载及无车辆荷载作用下的深基坑开挖有限元模型,计算并分析该基坑的锚索应力、桩顶水平位移、基坑外地面沉降值,并与实际监测数据进行对比。分析结果表明:车辆荷载对深基坑开挖的稳定性是有一定影响的;基坑周边支护结构距离车辆荷载越近,支护结构的内力及水平位移受车辆荷载影响越大;将车辆荷载等效为集中静荷载,数值模拟结果与监测数据符合较好。文中分析结果可为类似基坑工程中考虑车辆荷载的影响提供参考。     

软土地基刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙离散连续耦合数值模拟

基于软土地基直立刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙离心模型试验,建立离散-连续耦合数值模型,采用离散单元颗粒流程序PFC和有限差分程序FLAC分别模拟加筋土挡墙和软土地基,研究软土地基上刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙的性状及内、外部稳定性.研究结果表明,数值模拟的挡墙沉降、墙面水平位移、墙底竖向土压力及墙面弯矩与离心模型试验结果吻合较好;挡墙在自重及上覆荷载作用下产生显著的沉降和不均匀沉降,但挡墙整体仍保持稳定,显示该型挡墙具有很好的适应软土地基大变形的能力;自重及上覆荷载作用使得连接件末端位置产生应力集中,导致此处的地基表面沉降最大;上覆荷载作用下,刚性墙面弯矩在墙中处最大,为外侧受拉,而在靠近墙底和墙顶处较小,为内侧受拉;软土地基上该型挡墙稳定性一般为深层滑移外部稳定性,其破坏面由过挡墙底层筋材后缘填土中的朗肯破坏面和地基中的圆弧滑移面组成;该型挡墙内部稳定性表现为随软土地基滑移破坏,挡墙内筋材由下至上依次断裂,形成过底层连接件后缘的朗肯破坏面.     

反压护道在贵惠高速公路软土地基处理中的应用

本文在现场监测分析的基础上,结合地基变形特征的模拟,研究原地基、反压后的地基和固结后的反压地基的变形与稳定性变化情况,重点比较三种状态地基的竖向沉降、横向位移、剪应力、剪应变、孔隙水压力的变形程度。研究结果表明:相对于原路基来说,反压后的路基使原路基的坡脚产生较大的竖向沉降,并产生指向路基中点的水平位移,而且最大剪应力、最大剪应变及孔隙水压力都有所减少。相对于反压后的路基来说,固结后的反压路基使地基在面层范围内有了较大的竖向沉降,并产生指向路基中点的水平位移,而且最大剪应力、最大剪应变及孔隙水压力都有所减少。文章最后综合实测的沉降量与数值模拟,对路基最终的工后沉降做出了预测。     

软土地基刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙

基于软土地基直立刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙离心模型试验,建立离散连续耦合数值模型,采用离散单元颗粒流程序PFC和有限差分程序FLAC分别模拟加筋土挡墙和软土地基,研究软土地基上刚/柔性组合墙面加筋土挡墙的性状及内、外部稳定性.研究结果表明,数值模拟的挡墙沉降、墙面水平位移、墙底竖向土压力及墙面弯矩与离心模型试验结果吻合较好;挡墙在自重及上覆荷载作用下产生显著的沉降和不均匀沉降,但挡墙整体仍保持稳定,显示该型挡墙具有很好的适应软土地基大变形的能力;自重及上覆荷载作用使得连接件末端位置产生应力集中,导致此处的地基表面沉降最大;上覆荷载作用下,刚性墙面弯矩在墙中处最大,为外侧受拉,而在靠近墙底和墙顶处较小,为内侧受拉;软土地基上该型挡墙稳定性一般为深层滑移外部稳定性,其破坏面由过挡墙底层筋材后缘填土中的朗肯破坏面和地基中的圆弧滑移面组成;该型挡墙内部稳定性表现为随软土地基滑移破坏,挡墙内筋材由下至上依次断裂,形成过底层连接件后缘的朗肯破坏面.     

横观各向同性刚性路面体系静动力分析

针对具有横观各向同性性质弹性板和地基土构建的路面结构体系,使用有限元-无限元耦合方法,编制相应的Matlab程序,分别对该体系在均布荷载和移动荷载作用下进行了静动力响应分析。研究结果表明:通过模拟该体系在均布静载下的地基沉降数值计算,在利用有限元-无限元耦合方法解决板与地基构建的路面结构体系的基础上,对板与地基引入横观各向同性理论可以满足计算精度要求,并使计算模型更接近实际情况,计算结果也更具有实际指导意义;同时通过模拟车辆移动荷载,对路面结构体系进行动力响应分析,对比是否考虑横观各向同性体的2种理论模型的计算结果,给出了该结构体系的位移最大值和加速度最大值的变化规律,为工程设计提供了一种经济有效的理论指导。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that