声致荧光的光像特征

通过实时观察和拍摄表明,鲁米诺-碱性水溶液的声致荧光具有某些宏观特征.即声致荧光的空间分布随容器形状而变,在对称性容器中是准对称分布的;在不对称容器中除不对称分布外,还表现出明显的束流形态;声反射界面对这种光像及其亮度分布有显著影响.这种影响有反射凸面使光像呈散射状;反射凹面使光像呈会聚状;在这两种反射面附近的声致荧光均得以增强.这说明,产生声致荧光的超声空化场既保留了超声声场的反射、散射和会聚等传播共性,也有其固有的空间特征.其中,声致荧光的束流形态可能源于超声辐射力对空化泡群的驱动作用,而它的界面增强效应或许是声反射界面作为新一处的空化核滋生源而引发了更多的空化事件的缘故.     

声致荧光的光像特征

通过实时观察和拍摄表明,鲁米诺-碱性水溶液的声致荧光具有某些宏观特征.即声致荧光的空间分布随容器形状而变,在对称性容器中是准对称分布的;在不对称容器中除不对称分布外,还表现出明显的束流形态;声反射界面对这种光像及其亮度分布有显著影响.这种影响有:反射凸面使光像呈散射状;反射凹面使光像呈会聚状;在这两种反射面附近的声致荧光均得以增强.这说明,产生声致荧光的超声空化场既保留了超声声场的反射、散射和会聚等传播共性,也有其固有的空间特征.其中,声致荧光的束流形态可能源于超声辐射力对空化泡群的驱动作用,而它的界面增强效应或许是声反射界面作为新一处的空化核滋生源而引发了更多的空化事件的缘故.     

声致荧光法及其应用研究

提出了声致荧光法及其光谱检测系统,并由此到出了鲁米诺-氢氧化钠水溶液的声致荧光发射光谱,实现了产化学反应器内超声空化场的声致荧光成像．     

用像纸显影法观察超声换能器水中声场

1 实验原理大功率声波在液体中传播会伴有热效应、声空化效应产生.在声强度大的地方,热效应、空化效应相对较强.超声这种效应,在进行化学反应的试剂中会起到加速反应的作用.如果在像纸显影液中加入超声,这种机理也会在像纸显影过程中发生.对均匀曝光的洗像纸,把其浸入有超声存在的显影液中显影,则像纸上化学颗粒与显影液的化学反应快慢会随着声场分布不同而不同:在声强大的地方,反应强烈,像纸很快显影变黑;在声强小的地方,反应较慢,像纸相对较亮.利用这个原理,可以纪录显影液中声场的相对空间分布.当显影液非常     

声致发光法测量超声空化场的实验研究

依据鲁米诺增强声致发光原理,采用微光测量系统,对超声清洗槽内空化声场进行了测量,分析了声致发光强度与功率密度及驱动频率的关系.结果表明,当输入功率密度超过声致发光阈值时,液体中才出现声致发光现象;同一功率密度条件下,不同超声频率发光强度不同.     

超声空化场中的球旋转

根据P.Langevin对声辐射力的推算和C.Eckart的声流理论,实现了超声喷泉中一个球体的旋转和两个球体按相反方向的旋转,同时观察到这些球体的旋转随超声功率的增大而加速.这种由频率1.7 MHz和电功率45W的超声所产生的超声喷泉,可以看作是一种向上喷射的超声空化场,它拥有一种单方向的辐射力和对称的回旋声流,正是这种空化场所具有的这类典型的声学非线性特性才为球体的旋转提供了稳定的旋转力矩.     

超声空化场中的球旋转

根据P.Langevin对声辐射力的推算和C.Eckart的声流理论,实现了超声喷泉中一个球体的旋转和两个球体按相反方向的旋转,同时观察到这些球体的旋转随超声功率的增大而加速.这种由频率1.7 MHz和电功率45W的超声所产生的超声喷泉,可以看作是一种向上喷射的超声空化场,它拥有一种单方向的辐射力和对称的回旋声流,正是这种空化场所具有的这类典型的声学非线性特性才为球体的旋转提供了稳定的旋转力矩.     

清华大学物理系声学研究室简介

简单介绍了清华大学物理系声学研究室的基本情况和近期在超声电机、声束在液固界面上反射、声致发光和热声方面的研究进展.     

基于频谱分析方法的超声空化场三维重建及其分布

超声空化是声化学反应的主动力,采用水听器对超声清洗槽内的超声空化场进行定量测量,通过频谱分析对声场能量进行分离,并利用非线性能量来表征空化能量,再通过MATLAB软件对测量结果进行三维重建,该方法同时具备了定量性和直观性两种优势.同时,通过图形用户界面(GUI)对程序进行封装,增强了该方法的可操作性.基于此方法,进一步研究了液体中超声空化场的三维分布情况,并对其分布规律进行了探讨,从而为声化学反应提供了理论指导.     

液相淀粉微粒体系的共振散射和荧光之间的关系

金属、非金属、氧化物纳米粒子等的瑞利散射光谱研究表明,较大粒径纳米粒子及界面的形成是导致瑞利散射光信号增强的根本原因;某些液相无机纳米粒子存在共振散射效应;纳米粒子的共振散射效应与呈色效应、光源与检测器、分子吸收是产生瑞利散射光谱峰的3个主要原因[1～3].近来我们研究发现,一些无机纳米微粒体系存在界面荧光效应,而有机微粒的界面荧光研究报道颇少.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to