一种基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的非平稳信号时频分析法及其应用

对于非平稳信号时频分析,提出了一种基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)的分析方法.根据HHT的已有原理,改进了经验模式分解(EMD)过程中的筛选停止准则,提高了分解精度;给出了Hilbert谱分析的完整过程;以线性调频连续波(FMCW)信号模型作为研究对象,结合改进的EMD分解和完整的Hilbert谱分析,通过分析时频分布特征实现高噪声背景下雷达目标信号的检测以及干扰信号的提取.仿真结果表明了改进后的HHT方法对于低信噪比非平稳信号分析的有效性.     

希尔伯特-黄变换端点效应的自适应端点相位正弦延拓方法

针对希尔伯特-黄变换（Hilbert Huang Transform,HHT）的端点效应问题,提出一种自适应端点相位正弦延拓经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）方法.该方法根据端点附近数据变化趋势,通过在信号两端自适应加上相位、幅值和频率适当的正弦延拓函数,使得原端点的包络线顺着端点附近波形延展,以改进EMD分解精度.为满足EMD内禀模态分量（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）与原信号的相关性精度和EMD较低迭代次数的要求,引入能表征EMD性能的目标函数.该函数可通过迭代次数、IMF个数和有效IMF的相关系数大小等来衡量.由于该方法的边界延拓参数是根据延拓周期比例系数、延拓信号长度系数和采样频率自动确定的,故其分解过程完全是一个自适应过程,不需要人为设置,具有较好的实用性.仿真和液压系统实例分析表明,该方法不仅能较好地解决HHT的端点效应,而且相对现有的延拓方法而言,筛选次数更少,能显著提高信号EMD分解精度,且减小Hilbert谱的端点效应,更加精确地提取了液压系统齿轮泵振动信号的故障特征,取得了较好的应用效果.     

基于最大相关波形延拓改进的EEMD方法

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)中出现的端点效应和模态混叠现象问题,提出了利用最大相关波形延拓改进聚合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法.利用最大相关波形法对原始信号的两端进行延拓,实现延拓数据在原信号边界处的平滑过渡,减小端点处包络线的拟合误差.针对EEMD中参数无法自动获取的问题,采用自适应EEMD对新信号进行分解,提高信号的分解精度.通过仿真分析和转子不平衡故障诊断实例研究表明,改进的EEMD方法不仅能够明显减少虚假模态分量、有效抑制模态混叠现象,而且较好地改善了端点效应引起的分解失真问题.同时与基于极值点对称延拓改进方法及基于镜像延拓改进方法相比,所提方法具有较高的分解精度.     

经验模态分解中的频域分辨率及其改进方法

经验模态分解(EMD)的主要目的是提供满足Hilbert变换要求的单组分或窄带信号.针对EMD中由于模式混淆以及信号间相互作用带来的单个本征模态函数带宽过大的不足,对单次EMD分解结果本征模态函数的带宽进行了研究,计算了其瞬时频率分辨率,以此为依据提出了经验模态分解中限制当前信号带宽的改进屏蔽信号方法.此方法完全解决了模式混淆的问题,尽可能地减少了经验模态分解中信号相互作用的不利影响,有效地提高了本征模态函数经H ilbert变换后其瞬时频率表达的频域分辨率.     

基于EMD改进算法的欠定混合盲分离

为改善拟合效果,针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)算法存在的端点效应,提出一种改进的EMD算法——端点极值延拓方法.利用改进的EMD算法对观测信号进行分解,将分解分量连同之前的观测信号构成新的观测信号,从而将欠定情况转化为超定情况,最后利用独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)算法得到源信号的估计.通过仿真实验对比,证明了本文算法的有效性.     

经验模式分解在汽轮机局部碰摩故障信号分析中的应用

采用经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD）方法对汽轮机转子局部碰摩振动信号进行分解,实现碰摩、噪声和背景信号的分离,从而提取局部碰摩振动信号的故障特征．分析结果表明,对具有局部碰摩故障的汽轮机振动信号进行EMD分解得到的内蕴模态函数（IMF）具有明显的碰摩特性．EMD方法可以有效地应用于汽轮机转子局部碰摩故障诊断中．     

经验模态分解中一种改进的包络线拟合算法

针对经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)过程中存在的包络线拟合问题,提出了一种精确消除欠冲现象的改进算法.该算法首先确定利用三次样条插值(cubic spline interpolation,CSI)进行包络线拟合时所产生的欠冲区间,然后通过单调分段三次多项式插值法对欠冲区间包络线进行补偿.该改进的包络线能紧紧地包住原始信号,而不影响信号本身的特征,尽可能保持前包络线的平滑性.仿真结果表明,提出的方法可以有效地消除由CSI所造成的欠冲现象,拟合出更好的包络线,进一步提高EMD的分解精度.     

EMD方法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

将EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）方法应用于机械故障诊断中，提出了一个新的齿轮故障诊断方法。EMD方法基于信号的局部特征时间尺度，能把复杂的信号分解为有限的内在模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function）之和，这种自适应的分解方法非常适于非线性和非平稳过程的分析。用该方法对齿轮故障振动信号进行了分析，结果表明该方法能够有效地降低噪声，提高信噪比，突出齿轮故障振动信号的故障特征，从而提高齿轮故障诊断的准确性。     

集合经验模式分解在柴油机机械故障诊断中的应用

针对柴油机表面振动信号非平稳、非线性等特点,引入集合经验模式分解(EEMD)的信号分析方法,对原始振动信号叠加适当的随机高斯白噪声,从而改变信号的局部时间跨度,有效抑制了经验模式分解(EMD)的模式混叠现象.通过Hilbert变换作边际谱曲线以提取故障特征信息.仿真试验和发动机故障实例证实了EEMD算法可以提高振动信号的分析精度,在柴油机机械故障诊断领域应用前景广泛.     

分数阶经验模态分解方法在机械故障诊断中应用

将经验模态分解方法(EMD)和分数阶Fourier变换基本理论相结合,提出一种基于分数阶Fourier变换的经验模态分解的机械故障诊断方法.仿真结果表明,提出的方法是有效的,尤其是对于用EMD分解方法无法进行有效分解的信号.如果时频平面旋转一定的角度,将信号从EMD难以分离的区域变换到可以用EMD分解有效识别的区域,然后经过EMD分解和分数阶Fourier反变换,就可以实现分量的提取.诊断实例进一步验证方法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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