Surface Graft Polymerization of PET and PE Fibers by UV Irradiation and Their Characteristics

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and polyethylene(PE)fibers were surface photo-grafted with acrylic acid(AA)by using UV irradiation photochemical initiationduring a continuous winding process within 1-2 min-utes.The grafted fibers were characterized by measure-ments of dye uptaking,moisture regain,pull-out forcesof monofilament from cured matrix,as well as by analy-sis of ESCA and ATR-FTIR spectra.All these resultsconfirm that the surface behavior of the UV-irradiationgrafted fibers was greatly improved.It was also provedthat the original excellent mechanical properties of the fi-bers were well-retained after the surface grafting treat-ment.     

光交联UHMWPE纤维的凝胶质量分数及热性能

通过对UHMWPE纤维凝胶质量分数的测定,热机械分析、红外光谱(FTIR)及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,对影响纤维凝胶质量分数的因素进行了讨论,并对原纤维和经紫外光照交联的UHMWPE纤维的结构、性能等进行了比较。试验结果表明,经光交联的纤维,其原有的一些不良性能得到了改善。     

微波辐射下交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及其吸附性能

在稀醋酸溶液中，微波辐射下壳聚糖与Zn^2 反应制备了壳聚糖Zn^2 配合物，然后将制得的配合物与环氧氯丙烷在微波辐射下进行交联反应后，用稀酸除去Zn^2 ，合成了具有Zn^2 离子孔穴的交联壳聚糖树脂。实验考察了该树脂对一些金属离子的吸附性能，并对影响树脂吸附性能的因素进行了研究。     

活性染料与反应性染色

结合作者的工作,系统地综 活性染料,活性纤维和交联染色的工作。阐明了三种染色法都有一个共同特点,即以染料－纤维或染料－交联剂一纤维共价键结合,因此染色纤维有着卓越的湿处理牢度。今后不公需要改善活性染料染色中存在的问题,而且要加强活性染色和交联染色,甚至三者交叉的研究,以达到对纤维尽善尽美的要求。     

分子量对聚苯硫醚辐射效应的影响

使用Van de Graff型电子静电加速器,在室温空气中辐照,研究了分子量对聚苯硫醚辐射化学变化的影响,测定了特性粘度[η],凝胶化剂量Dg,由[η]计算出粘均分子量(?)η.又据辐射交联理论公式计算出各交联参数值:单位剂量裂解度a0,单位剂量交联度q0,G交值。并进一步考查其辐射前后热性能,结晶度以及结构的变化.     

紫外辐照表面接枝纤维的表征

本文通过电子能谱法,全反射红外光谱法、纤维染色性能和吸湿性能的测定,纤维与环氧树脂粘结后拔出力的测试等表征了经紫外辐照表面接枝的高强高模聚乙烯纤维和高强聚酯纤维的表面接枝程度,这些实验结果同时也肯定了紫外辐照接枝纤维的表面性能得到了很好的改善。     

聚乙烯的紫外交联

利用2，3-二甲基-2，3-二苯基丁烷作为自由基引发剂，用紫外光照射引发聚乙烯的交联．讨论了引发剂的用量以及紫外光照射时间对聚乙烯交联程度的影响，并与过氧化二异丙苯进行比较试验，结果证明了2，3-二甲基-2，3-二苯基丁烷具有较强的引发交联能力．     

新型明胶纳米纤维毡的制备及其细胞培养

以水为溶剂通过静电纺丝法制备出了新型明胶纳米纤维。结果表明，当明胶的质量分数为33%和体系温度为40℃时，所得明胶纳米纤维毡具有均匀多孔的微观形貌，纤维直径分布在120～210nm。用质量分数为1.5%的1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺（EDC）/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（NHS）的乙醇/水溶液对纤维毡进行交联，所得明胶纳米纤维毡中纤维的形态得到较好的保持，且其焓值降低，耐热性和力学性能均有所提高。将制备的明胶纳米纤维毡进行牙周基质细胞（PDLCs）培养实验，初步的结果表明PDLCs能够在该纳米纤维毡上粘附、伸展和繁殖。     

Fibrillation Property of the Lyocell Fibers Treated by N-hydroxymethyl Cross-linking Agents

Lyocell fibers are subject to fibrillate under wet conditions, which severely affects the appearance of this kind of fabrics. Cross-linking treatment is an important way to prevent fibrillation of lyocell fibers. In this study, two kinds of traditional N- hydroxymethyl crosslinking agents were used to treat lyocell fibers and the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers were measured in a wet abrasion test. The results show the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers increase with the increasing concentration of the cross-linking agents, which indicates the anti-fibrillation property of the treated fibers has been improved. But the mechanical properties of the treated fibers decreased in some extent. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the lyocell fibers have cross-linked with cross-linking agents. The SEM analysis results show the fibers treated by 4% DMDHEU or 5%SECO have good anti-fibrillation properties.     

Preparation and Surface Modification of High-Density Chitosan/Functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Fibers

Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes( fMWNTs) were prepared with chitosan via controlled surface deposition and crosslinking process and scanning electron microscopy( SEM),Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy( FT-IR) and Xray diffraction( XRD) are used to character properties. A novel high-density chitosan( HCS) was dissolved in f-MWNTs dispersed dilute acetic acid with a maximal concentration of 5. 8%. The hollow fibers can be made by extruding the solution into a dilute alkali solution through a wet-spinning process and the tensile properties of the materials were evaluated by universal tester. The surface property of fibers,pretreated by Helium( He) and the following grafted with gelatin was evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS).As the hollow fibers were intended for neural tissue engineering,its suitability was evaluated in vitro using rat Schwann cells( RSC96) as model cells. The cells attachment,proliferation and morphology,were studied by various microscopic techniques. Based on the results,the gelatin grafted HCS / f-MWNTs hollow fibers could be used as a potential cell carrier in neural tissue engineering.     

Site-specific uv crosslinking of minihelix DNA and TrpRS fromBacillus subtilis

In order to investigate the recognition mechanism and the relationship between structure and function of minihelix DNA with Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase (TrpRS), TrpRS from Bacillus Subtilis was purified. Four minihelix DNAs were chemically synthesized and the photoreactive reagent s⁴T was incorporated into three of them at the positions of G73, T72 and T55 corresponding to tRNA^Trp. The apparatus for uv crosslinking was devised and the parameters for uv crosslinking were optimized. The results indicated that the G73 and T72 base of minihelix DNA interacted with TrpRS directly. The uv crosslinking reaction was improved by the dose of uv irradiation and the concentration of both TrpRS and minihelix DNA.     

蜜胺修饰的偶氮类凝胶因子的合成及其凝胶行为

设计合成了2个双蜜胺修饰的偶氮苯类小分子有机凝胶因子M-AZO-1和MAZO-2.M-AZO-1和M-AZO-2能在多种有机溶剂中形成稳定的凝胶.通过SEM观察凝胶聚集体结构发现,凝胶因子在不同溶剂中形成凝胶的微观形貌结构不同,在乙酸乙酯等极性溶剂中凝胶纤维直径较大,在甲苯和甲基环己烷等非极性溶剂中凝胶纤维直径较小.进一步研究了UV光照对凝胶行为的影响.M-AZO-1和M-AZO-2经365nm UV光照后仍可以形成凝胶,其凝胶聚集体结构变化不明显.     

EDC/NHS交联对胶原物理化学性能的影响

为了提高胶原的物理化学性能,采用1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-碳化二亚胺(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)交联剂对胶原进行交联,考察了不同交联剂浓度对胶原物理化学性能的影响,并通过红外、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、吸水率、膨胀动力学、抗酶解性能、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术手段对胶原交联前后的性能进行表征.研究结果表明,胶原经EDC/NHS交联后,热稳定性、形态稳定性增强,抵抗酶解的能力显著增加,胶原的显微结构由交联前的无序状态变为紧密有序的结构.说明EDC/NHS交联可有效改善胶原的物理化学性能.     

Structure and Properties of Silk Fibers Grafted with Vinyl Siloxane Monomer

IntroductionSilk are used extensively in textile field because of itsexcellent characteristics , but silk crease and yellow easily .Grafting of silk fibers with vinyl monomers is considered asan effective method to substantially i mprove its intrinsicproperties . The most popular vinyl monomers currently usedare methyl methacrylate[1 ,2], hydroxypropyl methacrylate[3]and methacrylamide[4]etc .. The properties of silk fibersgrafted with these monomers were i mproved . But thephysical propertie…     

Influences of poly (vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and carbon nanotubes on radiation crosslinking shape memory polymers

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of two molecular weights was used to prepare shape memory polymers based on chemical-crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. The chemical-crosslinking was done in the presence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA) and nano-filler [multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2)] followed by radiation-induced crosslinking. The analysis of the material revealed an increase in the gel fraction and a significant reduction in swelling of the nanocomposite material that was crosslinked with both glutaraldehyde and ionizing radiation. The radiation crosslinked nanocomposites demonstrated approximately a 90% gelation over a range of 50–300 kGy irradiation doses. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of nanocomposites in the composite matrix. The thermal properties of radiation crosslinked (PVA/CEA) and (PVA-CEA)-nano-fillers were investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties were examined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) which showed significant variation because of the addition of nanocomposites. This radiation crosslinked materials show good shape memory behavior that may be useful in many applications based on the range of temperatures at which Tan δ appears.     

137 Cs-γ 辐照对实验红鲫的组织病理学影响

摘要:目的 探 讨137 Cs-γ 辐 照 对 实 验 红 鲫 的 组 织 病 理 学 影 响。 方 法 用 HXFS-IA 生 物 辐 照 仪 对 实 验 红 鲫 进行137 Cs-γ 一次性辐照,剂量分别为 1. 94 Gy、3. 88 Gy、7. 76 Gy 和 15. 53 Gy。 经137 Cs-γ 辐照后的第 14 天,解剖实验红鲫取心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏等组织,按常规方法进行石蜡切片及 HE 染色。 结果 实验红鲫经 1. 94 ~ 15. 53 Gy137 Cs-γ 辐照后,心肌纤维排列紊乱、结构不再完整;部分肝细胞出现水肿,继而出现坏死;脾脏中淋巴细胞逐渐减少,网状细胞和纤维组织增生;肾小管的上皮细胞水肿继而出现细胞坏死,即心脏、肝脏、脾脏与肾脏会随着核剂量的增加,其损伤程度加剧。 结论 在 1. 94 ~ 15. 53 Gy 剂量范围内,实验红鲫经137 Cs-γ 一次性辐照后,心脏、肝脏、肾脏及脾脏均有组织病理损伤。 随着辐照剂量的加大,组织损伤的程度增高。     

Synthesis and Application of a Polymeric Crosslinking Agent for Improving Fixation of Vinylsulfone-type Dyes on Cotton by a Pad-drycure Process

A new class of novel polymeric crosslinging agent （NPCA）, which contained silane coupling group and the epoxy groups, was designed and synthesized in our laboratory. NPCA was a non-formaldehyde multifunctional crosslinking polymer. The cotton fabrics dyed with 8.0% （owf） Vinylsulpone-type dyes were treated with 3.0%- 4.0% NPCA, 0.5 mol/L potassium thiocyanate as a catalyst, then padded through two dips and two nips to reach a wet pickup of 80%- 85%, then dried at 80℃ for 2 minutes and cured in oven at 140- 150℃ for 3 minutes. Crocking fastness and fixation （%） were improved with up to 1.0 -1. 5 units, 35%- 50%, respectively. And there was little difference between the color yield of dyed fabrics before and after the treatment at certain conditions. The possible crosslinking mechanism of NPCA was also investigated. It was concluded that NPCA can improve colorfastness of cotton fabric by means of the three-dimensional network, covalent bonding and other molecular forces.     

Adhesion of PBO Fiber in Epoxy Composites

The high mechanical and thermal performance of poly p-phenylene- 2, 6-benzobisoxazole ( PBO ) fiber provides great potential applications as reinforcement fibers for composites. A composite of PBO fiber and epoxy resin has excellent electrical insulation properties, therefore, it is considered to be the best choice for the reinforcement in high magnetic field coils for pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 T.However, poor adhesion between PBO fiber and matrix is found because of the chemically inactive and/or relatively smooth surface of the reinforcement fiber preventing efficient chemical bonding in the interface, which is a challenging issue to improve mechanical properties. Here, we report the surface modification of PBO fibers by ultraviolet (UV)irradiation, O2 and NH3 plasma, as well as acidic treatments. The interfacial adhesion strength values of all the treatments show the similar level as determined for aramid fibers by pull-out tests, a significant impact on fibermatrix-adhesion was not achieved. The surface free energy and roughness are increased for both sized and extracted fibers after plasma treatments together with maleic anhydride grafting. The sized fiber shows marginal improvement in adhesion strength and no change in fiber tensile strength because of the barrier effect of the finish.For the extracted fiber, different surface treatments either show no apparent effect or cause reduction in adhesion strength. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography analysis of the fracture surfaces proved adhesive failure at the fiber surface. The fiber surface roughness is increased and more surface flaws are induced, which could result in coarse interface structures when the treated fiber surface has no adequate wetting and functional groups. The adhesion failure is further confirmed by similar adhesion strength and compression shear strength values when the fiber was embedded in various epoxy resins with different temperature behavior. The tensile strength of fiber is sensitive to surface treatment conditions as revealed by a bimodal Weibull statistical distribution analysis. Considerable strength reduction occurred, particularly for cases of acidic and plasma treatments, while UV irradiation shows the better ability to retain fiber strength.     

Alkaline Hydrolysis of PP/EHDPET Blend Fibers

Polypropylene superfine fibers or cell porous fibers were prepared from the bi-component blend fibers of polypropylene/easlly hydro-degraded polyester(PP/EHDPET)by alkaline hydrolysis process. EHDPET is a kind of copolyester that can be rapidly hydro-degraded in the hot alkaline solution. This paper discussed the kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of EHDPET, and the effect of catalyst, bulk ratio and the content of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) on the alkaline hydrolysis process. Meanwhile, the morphological change of the outer surface of blend fibers during this process was also investigated by the technology of scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

特种光纤及器件研究

特种光纤及器件在光纤通信、光纤传感、光纤激光等领域有非常广泛的应用.近年来,上海大学特种光纤与光接入网省部共建重点实验室将纳米技术与特种光纤及器件相结合,开展了特种纳米半导体掺杂光纤、抗辐射光纤、包层模谐振光纤以及量子点光纤放大器等方面的研究,并探索了它们在宽光谱光放大、特种光纤传感器等方面的应用.