Exploring an Explicit Use of the Concept of Sustainability in Transport Planning

The aim of this paper is to explore an explicit use of the concept of sustainability within transport planning. This paper analyses the concept of sustainability based on a practical approach for a sustainable development of Nordhavn, an area of Copenhagen, exemplifying a complex planning problem. An exploration of the application of the concept of sustainability is carried out using elements of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). This approach indicates a need to separate the use of sustainability considerations regarding the transport planning ‘process’ from the transport planning ‘results’. The two approaches are related to the planning levels presented by Ulrich (Syst Prac 1(4):415–428, 1988). It was chosen to focus on the understanding of a sustainable transport planning process. This focus is addressed by four stakeholder groups interviewed based on the ‘ought to’ mode of Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH). Finally an outline of some of the factors of a sustainable transport planning process is proposed.     

西南喀斯特山区乡村可持续发展的驱动因子及其导向模式初探

西南喀斯特山区属于典型的生态脆弱区,也是我国贫困人口集中区和乡村可持续发展程度最低的地区之一。着重以贵州为例,探讨了喀斯特山区乡村可持续发展的驱动力因子;归纳提炼出不同喀斯特地域类型区乡村可持续发展的31种导向模式;提出了加快喀斯特山区乡村可持续发展的对策措施。为喀斯特山区乡村的生态治理与可持续发展优化模式的选择提供科学依据。表1,参8。     

基于DEA 方法的北京可持续发展能力评价

从投入产出角度出发结合可持续发展的指标,建立DEA模型评价北京近10年来可持续发展的状况,得出北京具有可持续发展的基础和能力,而提高人力、物力、资源的利用率与组合优化度,兼顾规模效益与技术有效性,同时协调好与环境的关系,搞循环经济是发展与可持续并行的关键.     

Holism and Understanding Sustainability

In work undertaken in both Malta and Lebanon we have been reflecting on the current means by which the international community apply concepts intended to achieve what is called “sustainable development.” In an attempt to make means and ends conform to each other we have developed a holistic approach to what is essentially a timeless need for understanding, systemic planning, and compassionate stewardship. This essay indicates that we may be closer to holistic means with which to realize these goals than we know. It describes how some planning and analysis methods have their origins in ancient traditions. However, the milieu in which sustainability occurs is often unsympathetic to and sometimes incompatible with the ideals of holism. The essay assesses the current understanding of sustainability and points to the need for a wider and more inclusive base to contemporary sustainability as practiced in the community.     

Integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research and Systems Ecology: A Potential for Sustainable Agriculture Transitions

This article explores the potential of integrating Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) and Systems Ecology (SE) for improving research capability in facilitating sustainable development transitions in agriculture. Goal conflicts that arose in a PLAR group working on sustainability issues in small-scale organic tomato production are analysed from the perspective of SE. The possibility to improve agency for sustainable development by the merger of PLAR and SE are discussed. It is concluded that the approaches together could provide a sounder base for systemic research and transitions in agriculture.     

社会系统可持续性建模与仿真研究

提出了社会系统的狭义可持续性与广义可持续性的概念与数学定义,建立了社会系统的控制论模型以及狭义可持续性约束与广义可持续性衡量标准,并对社会系统可持续发展模型进行了仿真,仿真结果预测了系统未来的演化趋势,分析仿真结果得出的结论可以为制定可持续发展政策提供参考建议.     

股权激励下家族企业职业经理人对非效率投资的影响

投资是维持企业持续经营和发展的基础,一直以来都是学术界研究的热点话题.作为民营企业的重要组成部分,我国家族企业经过40年的发展,目前进入代际传承的关键时刻,同时传统的家族管理模式已经显现出一定的弊端,向现代家族企业职业化转型已是一种必然趋势,选择职业经理人还是家族成员担任CEO对企业的投资行为具有重要的影响.本文以20...     

我国农业水资源可持续利用研究进展

农业水资源的可持续利用是农业可持续发展的前提和保障。可持续发展思想在农业水资源利用与农业发展研究领域已有所渗透和体现,已从不同侧面提到了农业水资源可持续利用的协调性本质,但对协调性的量化表征研究有待加强,指标体系是量化表征人地需水关系协调度的良好工具。目前,农业用水估算方法、节水与高效用水等农业水资源可持续利用技术与方法研究较多,但对农业水资源的内涵界定及其可持续利用量化表征、农业用水估算方法、生态需水、外调水、土壤水、"农转非"、农业水资源管理等问题关注不够,有待深入探讨和系统总结。图1,参33。     

Philosophical Differences: The Case of Architects' Reluctance to Use Strategic Planning Software

A briefing workshop was run in an effort to involve its participants in choosing a strategic direction, and eventual form, for a proposed facility. The workshop was an action research, participative process that sought to improve final design by preconsultation with some relevant stakeholders. This paper will specifically focus on our attempt to use strategic planning software at an early stage of such a workshop. It discusses and illustrates the difficulties of importing a new technique into an established, professional setting where activities and roles may be expressed, or assumed, on the basis of previous experience. More exactly, although we hoped to use our software to analyze and explore participants' design styles, and so predict their likely choice of design option, the architects present undermined such analyzes by playing a role rather than telling the software what they really thought about the various strategic choices. Hence it was, in some ways, a waste of time using our software. We speculate below whether such undermining might be symptomatic of deep philosophical differences between the workshop organizers, planners, and architects. We also examine whether such differences bode ill for the future of architecture.     

经济高速发展地区人地系统可持续性评价研究

以苏锡常地区为例,建立了区域人地系统可持续发展的评价体系和评价方法。评价体系的建立应遵循空间与时间跨度相结合、简洁与区域分类的原则。人地系统的可持续性是由社会经济的发展水平、资源环境的数量、质量状态及它们的协调度决定的。以苏锡常地区为例,对该地区的可持续发展状况进行了定量分析。研究表明,苏锡常地区人地系统处于弱持续发展状态,区域差异明显。图2,表2,参4。     

高新技术创业企业可持续发展能力评价研究

作为高新技术产业早期发展的微观体现，高新技术创业企业的可持续发展决定着高新技术产业的可持续发展，故而需要对高新技术创业企业的可持续发展能力进行评价，但其评价具有高度不确定性和困难性。软计算理论能够允许不精确性、不确定性、部分真值以及近似表达，故而能够使得问题变得易于处理，从而获得鲁棒性和求解费用的降低，以及与现实的更加相符。利用软计算的核心方法之一－模糊逻辑给出的可持续发展能力评价模型包括语言变量以及模糊化过程、模糊规则库与模糊推理、逆模糊化与模糊结论等三个步骤。利用该评价模型，对上海意兆电脑公司的实证研究表明该创业企业可持续发展能力的评价值偏低，其需要引进创业酱，以改善其企业管理、财务营、产品连销等。     

System Dynamics Urban Sustainability Model for Puerto Aura in Puebla, Mexico

This paper reports on an on-going project on urban sustainability, the Puerto Aura in the region of the Valsequillo Lake in Puebla, Mexico. As part of the project, a simulation model was built to explore the dynamic interaction of the dimensions inherent in sustainable urban development. After reviewing literature on sustainable urban development (SUD) frameworks and tools, we identify key variables that intervene in SUD. We propose a System Dynamics model to simulate the dimensions that intervene in a sustainable development and to anticipate the consequences of the decision making process. The structure and inter-relationships of four sectors in the proposed model are described, the sustainability indicators in each sector explained. Preliminary conclusions are drawn stating that a complete run of the model simulating a 20 years horizon in monthly periods is expected when the full data from the Puerto Aura master plan becomes available.

基于综合方法的区域可持续发展指标体系选择

在对区域可持续发展指标体系的选取原则、指标选择的定性及定量分析技术进行探讨的基础上,结合上海市某区的区情,基于环境-经济-社会模式,通过专家咨询定性地确定了该区可持续发展指标原始数据库(共70个指标),并进一步通过聚类分析和非参数检验的定量综合分析技术。对该原始指标体系进行了简化及有效性检验。     

Enhancing Emancipatory Systems Methodologies for Sustainable Development

Our interest lies in applying the principles of critical systems thinking to human activity systems in developing countries in situations where issues of natural resource sustainability constrain the feasible set of long-term strategies. The concept of sustainable development provides an expanded domain for critical systems thinking. The fundamental values underpinning sustainable development are that both intragenerational and intergenerational equity are important. As a consequence, key stakeholders are often excluded from power-sharing within current social systems. Addressing these issues requires renewed focus on emancipatory commitment and methodologies. To date, Ulrich's critical systems heuristics is the only critical systems methodology that offers practicable tools for emancipation. A case study analysis in Tigray, northern Ethiopia, provides insights in relation to the application of critical system heuristics to issues of sustainable development and highlights the need to extend the use of critical systems heuristics beyond the design and monitoring of structured interventions.     

松嫩平原黑土农田生态系统的可持续发展

从松嫩平原黑土农田生态系统的生产能力、资源有效利用和生态环境稳定性3个方面,分析了生态系统的可持续性,在此基础上,从4个方面提出了农业可持续发展战略。参6。     

Professional Development through Action Research: Case Examples in South African Higher Education

This paper identifies the quality characteristics of a professional development (PD) program on action research (AR) and presents the results of a second-order evaluation of such a program. Three case examples in South African higher education demonstrate how AR methodology has been applied to design, conduct and evaluate the PD program and to identify new ways of learning and improving professional practice in higher education. From data analysis, we distinguish six factors significant in contributing to the quality of the PD program in all three universities: facilitator expertise, adaptive planning, responsive evaluation, critical events, application, and self-efficacy. On the basis of the evaluation results, we present five models: (1) the AR workshop cycles; (2) characteristics of a quality PD program; (3) a PD program on and through AR; (4) three levels of reflection on AR; and (5) meta-action research.

Student Engineers as Agents of Change: Combining Social Inclusion in the Professional Development of Electrical and Computer Engineering Students

Community-based action research helps students link subject matter to everyday life and developing sense of responsibility to their community. While combining research and a development into teaching engineering software which has been vastly conducted in engineering disciplines such as Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Computer Science (CS), including inclusive participatory research is yet to be fully developed. We participated in the NGO by providing information technology (IT) and/or assistive technology (AT). This paper examines the practice of action research in service-learning projects that aim to introduce more socially responsible studies in the context of engineering education. It begins by exploring different forms of action research that may benefit engineering disciplines with a focus on action engagement to improve students’ involvement in marginalized communities. The article provides field-based reflections of the action research project and suggests ways in which practice of action research may increase socially responsive value in the professional development of student engineers.     

Measurement Preconditions Systemic Action: The Case of Integral Low-Carbon Country and Sustainable Development Indicators

Sustainable development (SD) belongs to objectives of social responsibility (SR), including the ‘integral low-carbon societies’, as an objective and effort. This article presents the concept of low-carbon Slovenia and indicators of sustainable development (SDI) in Croatia and Slovenia that help in measurement efforts. Indicators reflect the national sets of SDI, developed recently; one focuses on EU and comparison with other regions in the world. Key challenges include (1) making a low-carbon country reality, (2) comparability and aggregation variability of SDI determined by SD policies; (3) SR, as a contribution to, and framework of, sustainability, as a requisitely holistic approach to current problems, based on ethics of interdependence of humans and other nature.     

On Requisitely Holistic Understanding of Sustainable Development from Business Viewpoints

In the new millennium, and in its global economy, everybody will have to be very competitive and hence innovative. For this reason most humans, economies, and businesses must innovate our understanding of economics in all areas and levels of human activity. The new challenges require a thorough innovation of work, including a requisitely³ holistic consideration of sustainable development (SD). In our contribution we would like to shift attention from a principle-based moralizing about relations between the sustainable development and enterprises to a very practical issue: how to support a more requisitely holistic understanding of SD from business viewpoints. The most important or most frequent issues of a new understanding and implementation of SD include the following: SD requires holism, hence professional and political aspects in synergy, hence systems thinking; SD requires linking of different approaches to problem solving; businesses should no longer forget about SD; ISO, etc., standards are not holistic enough concepts to solve all SD problems; A more requisitely holistic methodology is needed for implementation of SD in business. We offer some new suggestions.