L—Fuzzy等价关系的刻画

借助Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ集的四种截集，给出了Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ关系及Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ等价关系的刻画并给出了Ｌ－Ｆｕｚｚｙ关系合成的几种表现形式。     

不完备目标信息系统中基于差异关系的粗糙集

针对建立在等价关系上的传统粗糙集对差异关系研究不足的情况,基于差异关系对传统粗糙集模型进行了扩展。在不完备目标信息系统中定义差异关系并基于这种差异关系扩充粗糙集模型。等价关系反映事物共性,差异关系反映事物个性,基于差异关系的粗糙集可用于约简否定规则。文中定义了一种差异关系,证明了基于差异关系的下、上近似集的主要性质,建立了相应的近似约简模型,最后给出了近似约简的判定定理和计算方法。     

粗糙集模型和概率粗糙集模型的若干研究

主要叙述在等价关系、一般关系和概率论中的粗糙集模型，给出它们的定义、性质、各自的几种定义类型和它们之间的联系以及若干例子．     

商集与商集的基本运算

R是A上等价关系，R的所有等价类构成了等价关系R的商集A／R，商集A／R是集合A的划分。商集是关系代数中的一个重要概念，在计算机科学和技术、信息科学和信息工程中都有广泛的应用。但是人们对商集的运算规律和运算结果的研究甚少。本文定义了等价关系的商集的两个基本运算，即商集的加法与乘法。根据商集的结构和性质，给出了商集乘法运算结果的两种表达方式。一种是用等价类通过某种运算构成的集合表示，另一种是用某些等价关系的商集表示。商集的加法运算是一个较复杂问题，加法的运算结果也较难表示。为了准确简洁地表示加法的运算结果，文中引进了不相交并集族的概念，同时也给出了加法运算结果的两种表达方式，一种是用不相交并集族表示，另一种是用某些等价关系的商集表示。     

有限集上等价关系数目的计算

有限集上等价关系是一个重要的关系,它同集合的划分有着密切的联系。本文根据这些联系,将有限集上等价关系数目的计算转化为该有限集上划分数目的计算,并由此得出了计算有限集上等价关系数目的一个递推公式,具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

粗集理论中的相容关系

粗集通常是由等价关系来定义的,相容关系是对标准粗集理论拓广的一种方法,文中主要讨论相容关系的计数问题和代数结构问题。     

关于同余关系的几种证明

由陪集的定义解释问题，首先确定了ρ是G中的一个等价关系，然后给予了ρ是同余关系的几种证明。     

二元与三元等价关系的联系

二元关系是最基本的关系。本文给出三元等价关系的定义,讨论三元等价关系的分类性质,以及三元等价关系与二元等价关系之间的联系。     

软关系的定义及性质

根据软集和软关系定义了新的三元软关系,利用软集与对偶研究了软关系的性质,并且研究了二元软关系和等价关系之间的联系.     

基于逻辑上的等价关系

该文定义了基于完全剩余格值逻辑上的二元关系，并且在此逻辑框架下，讨论了二元关系的合成，Ｌ－映射，Ｌ－等价关系以及Ｌ－映射与Ｌ－等价关系，Ｌ－划分与Ｌ－等价关系之间的联系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with