黄眉姬鹟和白眉姬鹟繁殖期的栖息地与活动区特征

利用无线电追踪技术测定了北京小龙门林场黄眉姬鹟(Ficedula narcissina elisae)和白眉姬鹟(F.zanthopygia)繁殖期的活动区,活动区面积为2 000~5 000 m2,2种姬鹟主要在距巢60~70 m的山沟底部和山坡下部活动,繁殖前期的个体的活动区面积大于孵卵和育雏期的个体.黄眉姬鹟活动区内的林冠盖度、高大乔木的数量和枯树树桩的数量显著大于白眉姬鹟的活动区(P<0.05).黄眉姬鹟活动区内的优势树种是棘皮桦(Betula dahurica),白眉姬鹟活动区内的优势树种是核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica).     

新乡黄河湿地乌鸫的繁殖生态研究

1996年乌鸫开始栖息于新乡地区,成为当地留鸟,但其繁殖状况并不清楚.为了弄清该地区乌鸫的繁殖生态,2017年3～7月,采用定位观察法,对新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区乌鸫的繁殖生态及巢址选择进行了详细研究,结果表明:新乡乌鸫3月初进入发情期,3月中旬可见到乌鸫配对,具有明显的占区行为.3月下旬开始营巢,营巢任务由雌鸟承担,营巢需时4～10d.最早产卵是3月28日,最晚产卵是5月16日,窝卵数为(5.09±0.70)(n=11)枚,产卵期为一周.卵长径(31.16±2.06)mm,卵短径(23.11±0.68)mm,卵质量(6.73±0.85)g.孵化期为13～14d,由雌鸟承担,孵化率为85.71%.育雏期为13～15d,成活率为54.17%.     

黄腹角雉的繁殖期行为研究

对2对笼养黄腹角雉繁殖期行为的观察研究表明，雌、雄鸟进入繁殖期后，活动强度都明显提高，每天存在2个活动高峰．雄鸟求偶炫耀（包括完全和不完全炫耀）在3月中、下旬达到高潮，并随着雌鸟产卵发生周期性变化．每天有2个求偶炫耀高峰．雌鸟于3月下旬进入发情产卵期．雄鸟用嘴衔住雌鸟头顶或颈、肩部的羽毛完成交配．对同笼异性和不同笼同性角雉繁殖期行为发生的频次和持续时间等进行了比较分析．     

红腹锦鸡逃逸种群的春季栖息地选择研究

2018年和2019年春季，借助于野外红外触发相机技术，在浙江省下渚湖国家湿地公园对红腹锦鸡逃逸种群的栖息地开展调查研究.结果表明，逃逸的红腹锦鸡倾向选择中坡位、坡度中等(31.57±2.78°)的阔叶林与针叶林栖息，其乔木盖度较低(50±7%)和倒木数量较少(每10 m2根数为4.71±0.86)而落叶盖度较大(90±4%)，并具有优良的避风性和中等湿润度的土壤(p〈0.05或0.01)；而海拔、乔木数量、乔木均高、坡向、灌木盖度和均高、草本盖度、离水源距离及干扰距离等生态因子对其栖息地选择的影响不显著(p〉0.05).分析表明，逃逸的红腹锦鸡种群主要在食物资源丰富、视野较为开阔的林地栖息繁衍和建群，其栖息地选择能随环境条件的变化而有一定程度的改变，具有一定的环境适应性和选择可塑性.综上所述，逃逸红腹锦鸡的栖息地选择可能受食物、隐蔽性、气候、地理条件和障碍物的影响.     

自动温度记录技术在斑尾榛鸡产卵孵卵节律研究中的应用

以莲花山斑尾榛鸡(Bonasa sewerzowi)的研究结果为例,介绍了利用自动温度记录器技术研究鸟类产卵孵卵节律的方法.研究表明,斑尾榛鸡雌鸟每隔2d产1枚卵,通过分析1只斑尾榛鸡雌鸟整个孵卵期的孵卵节律,发现它平均每天出巢(5.55±0.80)次(4～7次,n=22),平均每次出巢时间为(17.6±6.77)min.雌鸟早晨出巢的时刻平均为6:07±23min,傍晚出巢的回巢时刻平均为19:40±22min,日活动期平均为(812.5±35.1)min.雌鸟出巢的时间长度与环境温度呈正相关(Spearman相关检验,r=0.264,p=0.004),说明斑尾榛鸡在较温暖的天气条件下出巢时间较长.     

广西沿海新定殖种群黑翅长脚鹬的巢址选择

筑巢是鸟类繁殖过程的重要阶段,为繁殖成功提供重要保障。为了解新定殖种群的繁殖策略,本文以在广西沿海留居繁殖的黑翅长脚鹬作为研究对象,对其巢址选择进行研究。结果表明：1)2022年3-6月,共记录到巢37个,巢外径(18.806±3.728)cm,巢内径(9.759±1.365)cm,巢高(3.006±1.561)cm; 2)主成分分析表明,影响巢址选择的生态因子为植被因子、社交因子、隐蔽度因子、巢材因子、干扰因子;3)通过巢区与对照区的对比分析发现,黑翅长脚鹬偏好于草本均高较大(14.844±1.549)cm、距大路距离更远(357.108±71.118)m、隐蔽度更高(1.622±0.206 3)的地点筑巢;4)通过成功巢与失败巢的对比分析表明,在距大路距离、觅食地明水面积以及隐蔽度等生态因子方面差异显著。     

从线粒体DNA控制区基因探讨红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的分类关系

用聚合链式反应(PCR)和直接测序的方法测定红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和白腹锦鸡(C.amherstiae)各5个样本线粒体DNA控制区的468 bp的序列,共发现26个变异位点.红腹锦鸡的序列变异率为0.90%,白腹锦鸡的序列变异率是0.17%,两者差异极显著.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的3种碱基(A,T,C)含量差异显著.根据Kumar双参数法计算两种锦鸡的遗传距离为0.035±0.008,按线粒体DNA控制区的进化速率2%/Myr计算,它们的分歧进化的时间大约是(1.75±0.40)Myr,结果支持它们是两个独立的种.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡可能分别起源于秦岭以南地区和横断山脉.     

西藏拉萨地区小云雀inopinata亚种的繁殖生态

文章报道了小云雀inopinata亚种(Alauda gulgula inopinata)(以下称为小云雀亚种)在西藏拉萨地区的繁殖生态。小云雀亚种在拉萨地区一般4月下旬进入繁殖期,选择本地的冬小麦地等作为它们的繁殖生境。雌雄鸟均参加筑巢,筑巢期为3.8±1d(n=4),10个巢的大小为5.6±0.7cm×8.7±0.9cm(n=10),巢深4.1±0.3cm(n=10),巢的平均重量24.6±4.3g(n=5)。平均窝卵数为2.6±0.5枚(2～3枚,n=7),其中3枚者居多;产一窝卵需要2～3d,卵平均重量2.2±0.3g(1.8～2.8g,n=7),卵的大小为20.4±0.5mm(19～21)×14.2±3mm(14～15),(n=7)。平均孵卵期为15±0.6d(14～16,n=6),孵化率为67%,育雏期12±0.6d(11～13,n=6),雏鸟成活率仅50%。农业活动及天敌是影响孵化率及雏鸟成活率的主要因子。     

基于RS和GIS的现代黄河三角洲植被覆盖动态变化研究

以配准后的4时相遥感影像数据为基础,应用归一化植被指数(NDVI),研究了现代黄河三角洲植被覆盖变化,探讨了植被演替的空间分布特征.结果表明,现代黄河三角洲植被演替活跃区主要集中在北部和东部近海岸区和东南部黄河新淤进区域.在过去27年间,植被覆盖面积呈增加趋势,植被累计增加面积91089.43hm2.植被以低盖度植被为主,高盖度植被所占面积较小,但高盖度植被逐年增加,平均每年增加412.83 hm2.     

荒漠沙蜥栖息地选择的季节和地理变异

通过主成分分析、方差分析和非参数检验比较荒漠沙蜥利用生境和潜在可利用生境的9个生态因子,目的是调查其栖息地选择的地理和季节变异.研究表明荒漠沙蜥栖息地选择不存在性别差异,但存在显著的季节和地理差异.多数种群在繁殖前均选择植被盖度较低的、日晒条件好的生境,而繁殖后选择草本盖度较高、食物条件较好的生境.对照样方季节变异不明显,表明该差异主要由沙蜥的主动选择引起.繁殖前温度相对较低,沙蜥为了获得较高体温、保证生殖腺发育而选择低盖度生境;繁殖后期为了避免高温、快速积累越冬所需脂肪而选择高草本盖度生境.无论对照样方还是选择样方均存在显著的地理变异,且参数的变异模式相同,表明栖息地的地理差异与生境的差异有一定关系.此外,在不同的生境条件下,沙蜥也会权衡逃避敌害和取食的利害,而做出有利于其存活和繁殖的选择.如在灌丛盖度较高逃避捕食较容易的生境会较多地考虑日晒和取食,而在植被盖度较低食物不利时侧重取食.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has