微氧条件下厌氧颗粒污泥和消化污泥特性研究

用12 5mL血清瓶作为批量处理反应器,对厌氧颗粒污泥和消化污泥在厌氧和微氧条件下的COD去除率、污泥产率、产甲烷活性、抗冲击负荷能力等进行对比实验研究。实验结果表明:厌氧颗粒污泥和消化污泥均在微氧条件下表现出高COD去除率、低污泥产率、高产甲烷活性和强抗冲击负荷能力,且厌氧颗粒污泥在COD去除率、污泥产率、产甲烷活性和抗冲击负荷等方面更具有优势;对于0 5 gCOD/LR·d的有机负荷,反应器内最佳加氧量为10mL(10 %添加的COD)。     

Effects of various pretreatments on biohydrogen production from sewage sludge

The sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plant is a kind of biomass which contains many organics, mainly carbohydrates and proteins. Four pretreatments, acid pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, thermal pretreatment and ultrasonic pretreatment, were used to enhance biohydrogen production from sewage sludge. The experimental results showed that the four pretreatments could all increase the soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） of sludge and decrease the dry solid （DS） and volatile solid （VS） because the pretreatments could disrupt the floc structure and even the microbial cells of sludge. The results of batch anaerobic fermentation experiments demonstrated that all of the four pretreat- ments could select hydrogen-producing microorganisms from the microflora of sludge and enhance the hydrogen production. The hydrogen yield of the alkaline pretreated sludge at initial pH of 11.5 was the maximal （11.68 mL H2/g VS） and that of the thermal pretreated sludge was the next （8.62 mL H2/g VS）. The result showed that the hydrogen yield of pretreated sludge was correlative with its SCOD. The hydrogen yields of acid pretreated sludge and alkaline pretreated sludge were also influenced by their initial pH. No methane could be detected in the anaerobic fermentation of alkaline pretreated sludge and thermal pretreated sludge, which suggested that these pretreatments could fully inhibit the activity of methanogens. The volatile fatty acids （VFA） production in anaerobic fermentation of alkaline pretreated sludge was the maximum and the next is that of thermal pretreated sludge.     

利用淡水微藻对畜禽养殖废水的实验研究

以不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水为对象,研究藻菌体系对废水中的NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除效果。结果表明:藻菌体系对不同浓度的畜禽养殖废水的处理效果不同,当废水中NH4+-N、TP和COD浓度分别小于44.4 mg/L、6.4 mg/L和500 mg/L时,藻菌微生物的生长速度快、生物量大,对废水处理效果好;当处理时间为6 d时,NH4+-N、TP和COD的去除率分别大于90%、84%和80%,该实验结果为构建高效藻类塘提供理论依据。     

Cu2+和Zn2+对活性污泥生长动力学的影响

Cu2+和Zn2+是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子,文章利用序批式实验研究了活性污泥在Cu2+和Zn2+作用下的生长模式.尽管微量的Cu2+和Zn2+对微生物的生长有益,但当它们达到一定的质量浓度时,均会对微生物的生长速率和COD的去除速率产生抑制作用.实验结果表明,活性污泥的产量在Cu2+的质量浓度为1～20 mg/L时均有所减少;而Zn2+的质量浓度只有超过5 mg/L时,才能使污泥产量降低,当Zn2+的质量浓度等于或低于5 mg/L时,它反而轻微促进微生物的生长速率和COD的去除速率.总体而言,根据微生物的比生长速率、基质比去除速率、活性污泥产率以及COD的去除效率等各方面的对比研究,结果表明,Cu2+的毒性比Zn2+强.     

同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥的特性及其反应过秸

以普通絮状活性污泥为种泥,采用人工配制的模拟生活污水,在序批式反应器（SBR）中成功地培养出了同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥。污泥颗粒粒径大多在0．5～1．0mm,SVI为27．0mL/g,MLVSS／MLSS为86．8％,具有良好的沉降性能和较高的生物量。采用好氧颗粒污泥进行脱氮除磷过程研究,结果表明颗粒污泥具有良好的同步脱氮除磷和去除有机物的功能,反应周期结束时氮氮、PO4^3-P去除率接近100％,COD去除率达到90％以上。     

几种低温微生物菌株及其组合对北方农村生活污水处理效果

针对北方地区农村厕改废水冬季处理效率低的问题,从低温驯化的活性污泥中分离筛选出8株在10 ℃下具有较高降解能力的耐冷菌株,研究其混菌作用效果并制成菌剂。结果表明：单一菌处理时,假单胞菌H-30对模拟农村生活污水的化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）去除率最高,为88.6%;8株耐冷菌H-7、H-10、H-29、H-30、H-33、H-36、H-40、H-54按最优体积比2：1：4：4：4：1：1：1混合后对实际农村生活污水COD去除率可达94.1%,按此比例制成的菌剂在10℃下对实际农村生活污水的COD去除率为83.6%,出水COD为92.45 mg/L,达到我国农田灌溉水质标准。     

燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水处理新策略及其作用机制

为了探究颗粒污泥对燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水营养型污染物的去除及微生物种群结构的变化特征,建立序批式厌氧/好氧反应器,以预处理后的燃煤厂烟气脱硫废水为研究对象,分析了污泥颗粒化进程中污泥特征,营养型污染去除及微生物群落结构的演变规律。结果表明污泥颗粒化进程中污泥沉降指数（SVI）显著下降,污泥中生物量显著升高,在120 d时,SVI下降至62 mL/g,混合液总悬浮固体（MLTSS）升高至7.1 g/L。此外颗粒污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质（PN）显著提高,PN/多糖（PS）升高至2.71-2.74。在稳定运行期,颗粒污泥对COD,NH4+-N及总磷(TP)去除效率分别高达89.25-89.56%,93.4%和73.2%。微生物群落结构演变揭示污泥颗粒化进程提高Comamonadaceae及Pseudomonadaceae的相对丰度,从而提高脱氮除磷效率。     

Simulation study of China’s net primary production

Spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation net primary production （NPP） in China was studied using three light-use efficiency models （CASA, GLOPEM and GEOLUE） and two mechanistic ecological process models （CEVSA, GEOPRO）. Based on spatial and temporal analysis （e.g. monthly, seasonally and annually） of simulated results from ecological process mechanism models of CASA, GLOPEM and CEVSA, the following conclusions could be made： （1） during the last 20 years, NPP change in China followed closely the seasonal change of climate affected by monsoon with an overall trend of increasing; （2） simulated average seasonal NPP was： 0.571±0.2 GtC in spring, 1.573±0.4 GtC in summer, 0.6±0.2 GtC in autumn, and 0.12±0.1 GtC in winter. Average annual NPP in China was 2.864±1 GtC. All the five models were able to simulate seasonal and spatial features of biomass for different ecological types in China. This paper provides a baseline for China＇s total biomass production. It also offers a means of estimating the NPP change due to afforestation, reforestation, conservation and other human activities and could aid people in using for-mentioned carbon sinks to fulfill China＇s commitment of reducing greenhouse gases.     

高原地区耐冷菌的分离鉴定

经过10℃下7天驯化,活性污泥系统对生活污水的COD去除率达到90%以上,污泥驯化完成,此时污泥中的优势菌种为耐冷菌;通过反复分离得到32株在10℃下生长良好的优势菌株;再通过初筛阶段测定平均OD值,复筛阶段测定模拟生活污水COD去除率,筛选出低温情况下生长良好且COD去除效率高的五株菌株;通过菌落特征、形态特征和生理生化特性,鉴定得出高原地区的优势低温耐冷菌分别为:革兰氏阴性好氧杆菌—假单胞菌属、革兰氏阳性菌好氧杆菌—嗜冷杆菌属、革兰氏阳性芽胞杆菌和球菌—芽胞杆菌属、革兰氏阴性好氧杆菌—黄杆菌属、革兰氏阴性杆菌—产碱杆菌属。     

低温条件下回流比对生物复合工艺的影响

在污水生物处理中,水温是影响微生物生长与存活的重要因素之一.试验中以哈尔滨市文昌污水处理厂原污水为试验原水,研究了低温条件下污泥回流比对生物复合工艺污染物去除效果的影响.研究结果表明,在低温下利用加大回流比来改善系统处理效果是成功的,当回流比为300%,系统出水完全满足排放标准.     

污泥负荷对好氧颗粒污泥运行稳定性的影响

为实现好氧颗粒污泥的工业化应用,以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,在气升式间歇反应器(SBAR)中培养好氧颗粒污泥,探讨在颗粒污泥成熟后,不同的污泥负荷对好氧颗粒污泥运行稳定性的影响。结果表明:污泥负荷过高或过低都会对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性有所影响。在SBAR中,污泥负荷为1 kg/(kg.d)时,好氧颗粒污泥的沉降性能和降解效果均好于污泥负荷为0.6和1.4 kg/(kg.d)时,其SVI平均为28.04 mL/g,COD、氨氮的去除率分别为91.37%和86.04%。当反应器运行77 d时粒径大于0.6 mm的颗粒仍占6.13%。     

包埋活性污泥和反硝化污泥短程硝化反硝化脱氮

以模拟废水为对象,在传统的流化床反应器内,将活性污泥和经驯化的反硝化污泥按适当比例混合后,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)加适当添加剂将其包埋,并对短程硝化反硝化脱氮进行了研究.结果表明,在进水NH4+-N平均为53.60mg/L,COD为281.19mg/L,HRT12h,调控温度、溶解氧、pH等,出水亚硝化率和TN去除率分别可达95%和85%以上,短程硝化反硝化脱氮较理想.当进水COD含量从150mg/L增加到750mg/L,TN去除率从73.66%提高到96.79%.适合包埋颗粒短程硝化反硝化脱氮的最佳溶解氧浓度约为4.0mg/L.当pH一直维持在8.0左右,温度从30℃降到25℃过程中,短程硝化反硝化并未遭破坏.当温度维持在25℃,pH从8.0降到7.5,连续运行约5个周期后,短程硝化反硝转变为全程的硝化反硝化.     

Effects of Micronutrient Niacin on Treatment Efficiency of Textile Wastewater

0 IntroductionMioclroogincuatlri pernotsce pslsaeys afo vrer wyais tmepwoarttaernt t rroelaetmine nbti- .A widerange of micronutrientsis required byactiva-ted sludge[1-5]. Adequate trace nutrient concentra-tions ,including metal ions and vitamins , are re-quiredtosupport all the genera presentinthe activa-ted sludgetreatment systemfor a diverse communityto survive. The lack of specific nutrients may resultin an unbalanced mixed culture,leading to poor-quality effluent , reduced treatment effic…     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床中颗粒污泥的性质分析

考察了高温(55℃)条件下厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床处理木薯酒精废水的运行特性和颗粒污泥的性质.结果表明,当进水有机负荷(OLR)在15.0 kg.m-3.d-1时,化学需氧量(COD)平均去除率为86.7%,平均产气量为15.1L.d-1.OLR最高可达24.0kg.m-3.d-1,COD平均去除率为88.5%,平均产气量为39.9L.d-1.颗粒污泥的颗粒化率随着运行时间的延长逐渐增加,运行至260d,直径大于2.00mm的颗粒污泥约占32%.颗粒污泥的有机组分主要是碳、氢和氮,无机组分主要是硅、磷、钙和铁.颗粒污泥表面的微生物以丝状菌为主,污泥内核组成可能主要为磷酸钙或碳酸钙等无机质.     

硅藻土改性载体加速移动床生物膜反应器启动研究

聚乙烯(polyethylene,简称PE)载体存在挂膜速度慢、附着生物膜活性低以及水处理效果差等缺点.通过添加硅藻土改善PE载体的亲水性,改性后载体的接触角由94.3°降低至77.8°.在移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor,简称MBBR)工艺挂膜启动过程中,相同条件下,相比于PE载体,硅藻土改性载体表面附着的生物膜具有较高的蛋白质和多糖含量,表明附着在硅藻土改性载体上的生物膜生物活性较高.生物膜生长稳定后,反应器R1(填充硅藻土改性载体)内总生物量比反应器R2(填充PE载体)内总生物量高35.6%,硅藻土改性载体表面附着的生物膜量比PE载体的高62.3%.相应的,挂膜启动过程中,反应器R1的COD和氨氮去除率也高于反应器R2.上述硅藻土改性载体在挂膜性能和水处理性能方面的优势,缩短了反应器R1的启动时间.     

应用生物强化技术对含食品废水的污水中菌群的改造研究

为改良活性污泥性能,采用生物强化技术,在含食品废水的污水处理厂曝气池中投加具有高效降解蛋白质、脂肪、苯胺的复合微生物菌剂(由异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株以及反硝化聚磷菌组成),有效降低出水总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、COD,使其水质稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中规定的一级 A标准。实验结果表明:于曝气池投加复合菌剂后,出水水质有了很明显提升,二沉池出水TN去除率达到93.48%,在原有基础上提高近70%;NH₃-N去除率达83.15%,在原有基础上提高60%以上;COD去除率达到91.40%。在复配菌剂生长成熟并和曝气池内土著微生物形成共生菌群后,停止加菌2个月,并在此期间控制回流污泥,从而将生化池中污泥质量浓度持续降低(从9000mg/L降低到6000mg/L左右)。最终系统TN、NH₃-N、COD能够稳定达到GB18918—2002规定的一级 A标准,大大减少了原系统运行能耗。     

抗生素废水生物处理的试验研究

采用相同体积 (6 2L)的升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床处理抗生素废水 ,当容积负荷为 6 .0kgCOD/m3 ·d时 ,升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 6 7.4%、85 .1%、91.2 %和 75 .6 %、91.7%、96 .1%,结果表明厌氧复合床是先进高效的厌氧生物反应器 ;厌氧出水采用相同体积 (6 4L)的生物接触氧化反应器和周期循环活性污泥系统进行处理 ,当容积负荷为 1.6kgCOD/m3 ·d时 ,生物接触氧化反应器和周期循环活性污泥系统对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 87.9%、85 .1%、92 .8%和 91.6 %、88.7%、95 .4%,结果表明周期循环活性污泥系统是先进高效的好氧生物反应器。     

Occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics in sewage treatment plants

The occurrence of sulfonamide antibiotics （SAs） was investigated in the six sewage treatment plants （STPs） of Beijing, China. Of the 13 objective antibiotics, suIfamethoxazole, suIfapyrldine, suIfamerazine, sulfadiazine and suIfamethizol were detected in the influents with the average concentrations of 1.2 ± 0.45, 0.29 ± 0.25, 0.048 ± 0.012, 0.35 ± 0.52 and 0.33 ± 0.21 μg·L^-1, respectively, and those in the effluents were 1.4 ± 0.74, 0.22 ± 0.19, 0.021 ± 0.008, 0.22 ± 0.21and 0.01± 0 μg·L^-1, respectively. SuIfamethoxazole was the predominant compound detected, and was found in all wastewater samples with the other two compounds sulfapyridine and suIfamerazine. It should be noted that suIfadiazine was first reported in wastewatera, and the concentration levels of all detected compounds except for suIfamethizol （detected once in the effluent samples） in the influents were observed to be similar to those in the effluents. From the dsts in this study, it can be found that suIfamethoxazole, suIfapyridine, suIfamerazine and suIfadiazine could be partly removed in anoxic and aerobic treatment unit and vice versa in anaerobic process, which led to their low or even negative removal rates in the effluents. The increase on the concentrations of suIfamethoxazole and suIfapyridine in the effluents was found probably due to the biotransformation of their acetylated forms in anaerobic treatment unit. In addition, it was observed that the biodegradation of suIfamethoxazole and suIfapyridine could partly occur during the anoxic and aerobic process, while suIfamerazine was partly eliminated in the anaerobic and anoxic units.     

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics parameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the moderate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (K(S)) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS).h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 degrees C-35 degrees C. Activation energy (E(a)) was 6.05 x 10(4) J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.     

Sanitary Sewage Treatment with Jet Inner-loop Bioreactor

0　IntroductionThejetloopreactorhasthecharacteristicsofbothjetandloopflow .Ononehand ,theairsuckedinisdispersedintosmallgasbubblesbecauseoftheshearingforcecausedbythehighvelocityjet,producinganincreasedinterfacialcontactbe tweengasandliquid ,thusthemasstransferefficiencyisin creased .Ontheotherhand ,aregularloopflowisformedbecauseofmutualimpetusofbothjetandair lift,thusdramaticallyim provestheperformancesofmixture ,diffusion ,masstransferandheattransferofthematerial.Withoutmechanicdriving ,the…