铁镍代钴新型硬质合金的组织和性能

研究了热处理对粘结剂质量分数为１０％的ＷＣ－（Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）合金组织和性能的影响，结果表明：淬火－回火过程中，硬质相ＷＣ的形态、大小和分布基本上没有变化，但粘结相的结构有变化；烧结态粘结相为马氏体和少量残留奥氏体组成；淬火处理使烧结态合金中的残留奥氏体量减小；淬火后回火，粘结相中出现逆转变回火奥氏体；随回火温度升高，逆转变回火奥氏体增加。文中还讨论了烧结态粘结相中马氏体的形成和逆转变回火奥氏体产生的原因，以及不同回火处理态合金中逆转变回火奥氏体与合金性能的关系。     

新型高强高韧钢G99的微观组织与强韧性

通过对Ｇ９９钢在不同回火温度下常规力学性能的测试、透射电镜观察和穆斯堡尔谱分析，研究了回火温度对微观组织和力学性能的影响。该钢具有很高的强度和很好的韧性。随回火温度的升高，抗拉强度和屈服强度分别在４３０℃附近和在４８０℃附近出现二次硬化峰。峰时效状态细小的Ｍ２Ｃ型碳化物弥散析出起到了重要的强化作用。Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ原子在板条马氏体中的均匀分布也可能是导致强度增加的因素。其优良的韧性主要归因于极细小的马氏     

无Co超高强高韧马氏体钢回火微观结构的穆斯堡尔谱

用Mssbauer谱学对新型无Co高强高韧钢在不同温度回火后的超精细场分布进行了研究,得出了合金元素的分布,碳化物和奥氏体量随回火温度的变化规律·结果表明,新型无Co高强高韧钢在低温回火阶段析出的主要是ε碳化物,且随回火温度的升高析出量增加,这增强了抵抗回火软化的能力·残余奥氏体量随回火温度的升高略有分解,不过奥氏体量仍较高从而提高了钢的韧性·随着回火温度升高,合金元素分布有所不同,其中在220℃以上回火,FeCNi(1)原子组态有明显增加,致使屈服强度有所回升     

回火温度对1500MPa级直接淬火钢组织与性能的影响

设计了一种新型1500MPa级Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo多组元系低合金、超高强度工程结构钢,研究了回火温度对直接淬火钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,抗拉强度随回火温度的升高而不断降低,屈服强度随回火温度升高先升高后下降,延伸率和冲击功均随回火温度升高呈现先升高、后降低、再升高的变化趋势.分析认为,回火过程组织演变的物理机制一方面包括板条马氏体和位错亚结构的回复、再结晶软化过程,另一方面包括残余奥氏体的分解与马氏体中过饱和碳的脱溶及析出第2相的强化机制综合作用.250℃回火后,板条马氏体内析出ε碳化物;400℃回火后ε碳化物明显粗化,产生回火脆性;600℃回火后部分析出相在奥氏体中形核,在马氏体基体内长大和粗化,最终形态为近似球形,另一部分析出相在马氏体内形核、生长,呈现椭球形或矩形.     

耐冲击工具钢5Cr8MoVSi热处理过程中组织结构的变化

对5Cr8MoVSi钢热处理工艺研究表明，经840℃退火，碳化物类型以M23C6为主，并有少量的MC和M7C3.淬火组织中剩余碳化物以MC和M7C3为主，M23C6型碳化物在淬火加热时大部分溶解．该钢随淬火加热温度升高，淬火马氏体由板条状和针状马氏体混合组织过渡到以板条状马氏体为主．在沉淀硬化的回火温度(485℃)下，淬火针状马氏体仍显示出原马氏体针；而淬火板条状马氏体的板条状方向性几乎被完全切断，显微组织呈均匀化．该钢在1000～1050℃淬火时，残余奥氏体量为10．7％～12．3％，经485℃一次回火时，残余奥氏体量减少不大，因此，应进行二次或三次回火．淬回火HRC硬度最高为58～60．     

回火40CrNiMo钢的穆斯堡尔谱学研究

40CrNiMo 钢在回火过程中要发生一系列的组织结构变化,用穆斯堡尔谱学定量研究了40CrNiMo 钢在回火过程中的这一变化,实验结果表明,300℃和 500℃回火处理的40CrNiMo 钢的室温组织为回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和θ型碳化物的混合组织,随回火温度升高,钢中的残余奥氏体含量明显降低。     

55NiCrMoV7回火钢的组织定量分析

通过SEM、TEM、XRD、图像定量分析和维氏硬度测量。定量研究了55NiCrMoV7钢在100～700℃、90s-665h之间回火的组织和硬度变化．结果表明。钢中的原奥氏体晶粒、马氏体板条不因回火过程而改变。回火析出碳化物的体积分数在一定回火温度时间范围内保持恒定。但是碳化物的形态和尺寸随回火工艺而改变．     

高CO-Ni二次硬化马氏体钢AF 1410的穆斯堡尔谱

用穆斯堡尔谱技术对ＡＦ１４１０钢在不同回火温度下超精细磁场的变化进行了研究。分析了合金元素的分布与超精细磁场的关系及对力学性能的影响。结果表明，高Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ二次硬化马氏体钢ＡＦ１４１０的超精细磁场中出现一些高场成分，平均超精细场在４８０￣５１０℃出现一峰值，此温度是屈服强度二次硬化峰的峰位。奥氏体量在４３０℃附近有一极小值，此回火温度下冲击韧性最差。     

回火温度对30CrMoSiA钢复合组织强度的影响

研究了30CrMoSiA钢中回火温度对（M（马氏体）＋F（铁素体）双相组织，M＋F＋B（贝氏体）＋AR（残余奥氏体）多相复合组织，及其强度的影响。结果表明：经预淬火的多相复全组织，随回火温度的提高，强度和塑性同时增加，直到450℃以上才明显降低。这与该组织中纤维形态复相区的残留奥氏体的稳定性、分解过程、以及延缓碳化物的沉淀和聚集有关。而未经预淬火的块状多相复合组织、M＋F双相组织经回火后的强度主要与M性能变化有关。而屈服强度则取决于复相中塑性相经回火后的性能变化。     

淬火回火工艺对高碳热磨片显微组织及耐磨性的影响

为了解决热磨片服役过程中出现的磨损失效问题,对高碳热磨片在淬火回火过程中的显微组织变化及耐磨性进行了研究。以高铬高碳铸铁为研究对象,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度计、磨损试验机等对经过热处理后的样品进行组织观察和性能测试。实验结果表明：样品原始组织由初生(Cr,Fe)₇C₃、共晶(Cr,Fe)₇C₃、马氏体及奥氏体组成;低温回火时,碳化物变化不明显,基体为回火马氏体+奥氏体;随着回火温度的升高,碳化物逐渐增加,回火马氏体逐渐减少;当温度超过450 ℃时,回火马氏体消失,基体组织转变为铁素体+奥氏体;硬度随回火温度的升高呈现先略微减小、然后增大再减小的趋势,在450 ℃时硬度最高,为63.4HRC;与铸态相比,均匀分布的碳化物耐磨性提高了2.53倍。研究淬火回火工艺对高碳热磨片显微组织及耐磨性的影响,为提高高碳热磨片的耐磨性、延长其使用寿命提供了理论依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has