公路工程GPS控制网起始数据误差影响的研究

在公路工程的GPS控制测量中,起算数据的精度在平差计算中起着至关重要的作用。本文对一个实例采用不同的方案进行数据处理,通过对处理结果的分析比较,发现以分段方式传递坐标的情况下,起算边长的小误差会使整个控制网产生较明显的缩放。为了确保控制成果准确,对于采用分段方式传递坐标的带状区域GPS控制测量,要采用不同网形进行预处理,如果起算数据的误差较大,建议宜采用一个已知点进行GPS控制网的数据处理。     

城市轨道交通施工期间GPS控制网检测与分析

针对城市轨道交通GPS施工控制网,在施工期间提出了控制网检测的必要性.在检测网设计优化、新旧控制网成果分析比较的基础上,讨论了GPS控制网作为地下导线起算点对指导贯通精度的重要性,实例表明检测方法的有效性,同时给出控制网检测合理建议,对其它类似工程具有参考价值.     

矿山巷道与铁路隧道贯通测量误差的对比分析

在贯通测量中,贯通测量误差是否符合限差的规定直接影响工程的质量。为了论证目前的贯通测量规程是否与限差规定中的要求相一致,本文对我国煤矿和铁路贯通测量中重要方向上的贯通误差部分数据进行统计分析,检验实测贯通误差的概率分布是否服从正态分布。     

GPS技术在高速公路测量工程中的应用探讨

由于GPS技术所具有的全天候、高精度和自动测量等特点,作为先进的测量手段和新的生产力,在高速公路测量中的应用起着关键作用。本文从GPS卫星定位技术的精度和特点等方面,探讨了GPS技术特别是RTK技术在高速公路测量工程中各阶段的应用。     

顾桥煤矿GPS基准网坐标转换的高崩溃污染率抗差估计

为确保顾桥煤矿D级GPS平面基准网坐标系统转换后的质量,克服转换基准点中存在的位移对转换成果的影响,基于高崩溃污染率抗差估计理论,建立了坐标系统转换参数的估计模型及转换后GPS网的质量评价模型。顾桥煤矿D级GPS网转换后的成果表明,高崩溃污染率抗差估计能够实现平差系统对存在位移的转换基准点进行自动准确探测的目的,保留了GPS技术高精度的特点,为该矿区建立了可靠的测绘基准。     

浅析煤矿测量的贯通误差

浅折在煤矿测量中，地面控制点，井下的观测，仪器误差、对中误差等对贯通精度的影响和减小误差的方法。     

新技术在贯通测量中的应用

文中介绍了淮北矿业集团祁南煤矿主副井等贯通测量工作,在多年的测量工作中,测量技术人员在实践中通过采用GPS、陀螺经纬仪测绘新仪器,克服误差的累积、观测条件差等不利因素影响,保证了巷道顺利贯通。     

GPS动态变形监测中多路径效应的削弱方法

随着GPS、RTK技术的逐步成熟,具有高效、快速、全自动、全天候、高精度等优越性能的变形监测方法在特大型土木水利工程中开始应用。但在现阶段,由于强反射或者电磁波强辐射的环境,多路径效应大大影响了监测精度甚至无法进行监测。尤其是在水利工程中其巨大部分面积为水域,其对接收卫星信号的多路径效应非常严重,这将是制约GPS在土木水利工程中广泛应用的一个主要因素。因此,如何削弱多路径效应误差已成为GPS高精度测量的主要问题之一。     

基于工程实例的GPS控制测量技术探讨

本文基于笔者多年从事GPS控制测量的相关经验,以GPS应用于某隧道控制网布测为研究对象,分析探讨了在类似工程中,GPS控制网的布设原则,重点研究了贯通误差的计算方法和贯通精度的估算,全文是笔者长期工作实践基础上的理论升华,相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

基于工程实例的GPS控制测量技术探讨

本文基于笔者多年从事GPS控制测量的相关经验,以GPS应用于某隧道控制网布测为研究对象,分析探讨了在类似工程中,GPS控制网的布设原则,重点研究了贯通误差的计算方法和贯通精度的估算,全文是笔者长期工作实践基础上的理论升华,相信对从事相关工作的同行有着重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of