加载历史对岩石热开裂破坏的影响

为了解决现有研究一般不考虑加载和加温的顺序,不论引起其热开裂破坏的加载历史如何,认为只要所加的载荷和温度值相同,其损伤演化过程和破坏强度将相同的问题。结合带扫描电镜的岛津SEM高温疲劳实验系统实时观测了石灰岩在不同加温和加载顺序下的热开裂破坏过程。从岩石微裂纹扩展的角度,计算不同加载顺序下其裂端能量释放率。理论与实验结果表明:岩石热开裂破坏受加载历史的影响,加温加载对岩石损伤破坏的影响是非线性耦合关系,高应力、低温和低应力、高温必须考虑其热-力耦合效应。岩石的热损伤是不可逆的,它会受加温历史的影响,在不同的加载顺序下其结果不同。     

岩石热-力作用过程的耦合

针对现有研究很少探讨加载和加温的历史对岩石热-力破坏的影响,利用带扫描电镜的岛津SEM高温疲劳实验机系统,通过先井温后加载和先加载后井温两种不同加载加温顺序的细观实验,实现了岩石试样在温度和力作用下的热-力耦合破坏个过程的实时监测,结果表明：加温加载途径对材料的变形破坏是有影响的,它们是相互耦合的非线性作用过程。从能量的观点理论计算了两种不同加载途径的应变能。理论和实验证明,岩石在温度载荷作用过程中,应考虑其热-力耦合效应。     

热损伤花岗岩三轴压缩蠕变破坏声发射及损伤演化特征

为探究深部高温高压环境对工程围岩蠕变性质的影响,开展了不同程度热损伤花岗岩的三轴分级蠕变加载试验,分析其声发射活动及损伤演化特征。研究结果表明：在分级蠕变加载中,当轴向应力达到1.50～1.65倍损伤应力σ_cd后,花岗岩损伤演化加快,达到(1.65～1.80)σ_cd后,发生加速蠕变破坏;在同一级加载中,随热处理温度升高,声发射活动在减速蠕变和稳态蠕变阶段减弱,在加速蠕变阶段增强;围压效应可以减弱热损伤对花岗岩蠕变特性的影响,围压与热损伤的耦合效应可以抑制蠕变过程的裂纹扩展,但当轴向应力增大、岩石失稳后热损伤对蠕变破坏加剧起控制作用;在分级加载过程中,随热处理温度升高,损伤变量的增长趋势先减缓后加快,600℃热处理试样损伤发展最快,常温试样次之,150℃和300℃热处理试样最慢;蠕变过程中剪切裂纹占比在35%～60%,随分级加载应力增大,微裂纹类型向剪切型转化;热损伤花岗岩矿物晶粒内和晶界裂纹有不同程度的发育,导致剪切裂纹占比随热处理温度升高而先减小后增大。     

一种改进的复合材料损伤塑性耦合模型

复合材料的损伤和破坏行为是相当复杂的,为了描述在复杂载荷条件下的材料的力学行为,可采用损伤与裂纹面间由摩擦诱导的塑性相结合的研究方法。在现有的复合材料摩擦塑性与损伤的耦合模型的基础上,在平面应力条件下,考虑了剪切应变对损伤能释放率的影响,适当地修正了损伤演化方程,从而建立了一种改进的复合材料损伤与摩擦塑性耦合模型。通过算例讨论了复合材料层板在复杂载荷作用下的力学行为,计算结果不仅反映了材料在加卸载过程中的剪切滞回现象,又反映了材料在一个加卸载循环内损伤值增加的实际情况,并且计算结果对应的理论曲线与试验曲线符合得很好。这种改进的模型除了可以解决复合材料的复杂加载问题,还可推广到材料的疲劳损伤的研究中。     

基于声发射监测循环载荷下岩石损伤过程

应用声发射技术对循环载荷下岩石损伤过程进行了实验研究.基于加卸载响应比理论和损伤力学理论建立了循环载荷下岩石破坏过程中的内部损伤和声发射关系的数学模型,分析了循环加载方式下的岩石损伤演化过程和岩石失稳破坏的前兆.实验结果表明,岩石加载的声发射活动规律反映了其损伤过程;在循环加载条件下,随着载荷的增加,岩石在卸载过程中的损伤逐步增大,声发射数加卸载响应比Y值逐渐减小;对于大多数岩石试样而言,在其处于弹性变形后期时,声发射数加卸载响应比Y值达到(或接近)1并在小范围内波动,可以作为岩石失稳破坏的前兆,这对于循环载荷下岩石失稳破坏具有预测意义.     

沙堆疲劳损伤累积模型的研究

由于材料具有循环硬化与软化、循环蠕变与松弛等特性,导致其在变幅循环应力作用下的疲劳损伤与加载顺序密切相关.国内外研究者提出了许多损伤累积模型,但有些模型未明确地阐述加载顺序的影响.通过分析影响疲劳损伤的重要因素,提出伴随损伤、视在损伤和耦合损伤新概念,结合模糊理论定量计算由耦合效应引起的耦合损伤,建立了一个能考虑加载顺...     

压缩荷载作用下脆性岩石弹塑性损伤耦合本构模型研究

在压应力作用下,岩石的塑性变形和损伤演化是相互耦合的。在热动力学基本框架下,建立了一个用于描述在压缩荷载作用下脆性岩石非线性力学行为的弹塑性损伤耦合模型。模型采用基于Drucker-Prager线性屈服准则,并同时考虑损伤软化效应的函数作为加载函数。此外,为反映岩石在压应力作用下体积变形从压缩到膨胀的转化过程,引入非关联的塑性流动方程。基于已有的损伤理论,建立含有塑性剪切应变的损伤准则。通过联立屈服准则和损伤准则的一致性条件,建立塑性和损伤发展的耦合关系。运用建立的模型对不同围压下大岗山辉绿岩的常规三轴压缩试验进行模拟。模拟结果和试验数据具有较好的一致性,表明了模型的合理性和有效性。     

岩石热断裂破坏特性研究

岩石的热膨胀是不可逆的,会受加热历史的影响,加热时的特性和冷却后的特性差异较大. 本文研究了温度载荷作用下岩石材料在压缩和拉伸时的热断裂破坏过程,分析了岩石热断裂破坏的宏观力学特性,探讨了岩石宏观热破坏作用机理. 根据岩石热破坏机理与岩石强度准则,计算了试件在各温度作用下受压和受拉破坏时产生的最大应力. 计算结果能较好地与实验结果吻合.     

金属材料疲劳累损伤引起的强度衰减分析

用连续介质损伤力学的方法推导了非线性损伤发展方程,考虑了加载过程应力与损伤的完全耦合效应,计及了疲劳加载循环周内和循环周间损伤累计非线性效应的完全非线性疲劳累计损伤,由损伤发展方程确定了材料剩余强度随损伤发展的衰减规律和临界损伤值。     

层状岩石单轴压缩损伤本构模型研究

为揭示层状岩石在单轴压缩条件下的损伤演化机理,将横观各向同性体的柯西转轴方程和随机损伤理论结合,建立考虑荷载损伤的层状岩石损伤本构模型;通过不同层理倾角炭质千枚岩的单轴压缩试验,验证模型的合理性和准确性,并从细观图像、力学参数、破坏模式和损伤演化等角度讨论炭质千枚岩的各向异性特征.研究结果表明:所建模型的理论曲线与试验数据曲线基本相符,能够较好地反映和预测单轴加载条件下层状岩石的非线性力学行为;炭质千枚岩的各向异性显著,在层理倾角从0°～90°变化的过程中,强度、峰值应变和泊松比先减小后增大,弹性模量逐渐增大,并依次产生张剪复合破坏、剪切滑移破坏和劈裂张拉破坏等三种破坏类型;不同层理倾角岩样的损伤演化规律基本相同,损伤演化曲线均经历了缓慢上升、快速上升和趋于稳定等3个阶段,损伤演化率曲线均服从正态分布,但损伤发展速率各不相同,进而改变了材料的力学性能.这将为层状岩体受荷损伤计算、各向异性研究、围岩稳定性分析和岩层掘进施工等提供理论依据和技术参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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