一类脉冲免疫SIR传染病模型的无病τ周期解的存在性与稳定性

在脉冲免疫接种条件下,利用频闪映射的离散动力系统、Floquet乘子理论和脉冲微分方程比较定理,讨论一类具有阶段结构和Logistic死亡率的脉冲免疫接种SIR传染病模型,得到系统的无病τ周期解以及无病τ周期解的存在性和全局渐近稳定性的充分条件.     

具有脉冲免疫接种的SEIRS传染病模型分析

研究具有一般Logistic死亡率和标准传染率的SEIRS传染病模型的动力学行为.利用Floquet乘子理论和脉冲微分系统比较定理,证明了无病周期解的存在性和全局渐近稳定性,获得临界值τ0,θ0;并通过Matlab数值模拟的方法发现当τ>τ0或θ<θ0时会形成地方病.     

一类非线性脉冲免疫接种SIR传染病模型的周期解与分支

由于受到医疗资源的限制,疫苗的免疫接种率一般不是常数。采用非线性脉冲免疫接种函数,建立了一类具有终身免疫的脉冲预防接种SIR模型,利用频闪映射及差分方程的不动点,讨论了模型无病周期解的存在性;运用Floquet乘子理论和脉冲微分方程比较定理,证明了模型无病周期解的全局渐近稳定性;选取脉冲免疫接种周期为分支参数,利用分支定理,给出了系统存在正周期解的充分条件。     

两类不同免疫策略下的SIR流行病模型

研究了两类不同免疫方式下具有饱和传染力的SIR流行病模型的动力学行为.在连续免疫接种方式下,确定了基本再生数R0.用Lassalle定理和Poincare-Bendixon的三分法定理得到疾病消除平衡点和地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定的条件.在脉冲免疫接种方式下,确定了基本再生数R.利用脉冲微分方程的Floquet乘子理论和比较定理,研究了疾病消除周期解的全局渐近稳定性和系统的一致持久性.结果表明,当基本再生数小于1时,该传染病将逐渐消失;当基本再生数大于1时,该传染病将流行,成为地方病.     

关于微分差分方程的非平凡周期解的存在性

考虑微分差分方程θ′(t)=-g(θ(t))[f(θ(t-τ))+f(θ(t-2τ))]的周期解的存在性.通过讨论方程的常微分对偶系统的周期解,得到了该方程存在非平凡周期解的充分条件.     

具有时滞的稀疏效应捕食-被捕食模型的分支分析

研究了一类有时滞的稀疏效应捕食-被捕食模型.选择时滞τ为分支参数,得到了当时滞τ通过一系列的临界值时,Hopf分支产生,即当时滞τ通过某些临界值时,从平衡点处产生一簇周期解.利用规范型及中心流形理论,得到了确定Hopf分支的稳定性及方向的具体算式.最后,用数值模拟验证了分析结果的正确性.     

具有双时滞的企业竞争模型的稳定性分析

以一类3维金融企业竞争模型为研究对象,研究时滞反馈作用下企业竞争的稳定性.首先,运用Hopf分支理论与稳定性得到系统正平衡点的特性;其次,取时滞τ1和τ2作为分支参数,得到当经过分支点时,系统正平衡点的稳定性发生改变,继而引起混沌现象的消失,且可以分支出周期轨,也可以利用Hassard方法与中心流形定理,得到周期解的分支方向与稳定性的判定公式;最后,利用Matlab数值模拟了时滞受控系统动力学行为随参数的演变,从而验证解析结果的有效性.     

一类血液模型的Hopf-分支

讨论一类具有时滞的血液模型的Hopf-分支.利用稳定性和分支理论,给出了与该模型的正平衡态相应的一次线性近似系统的特征方程具有一对纯虚根时,在τ0附近分支周期解存在的条件.利用解的正交性条件,得到了当时滞有一个小扰动时其近似周期解的表达式.     

具有时滞的Logistic模型的Hopf分支的频域分析

运用频域法研究了一类具有时滞的Logistic模型.选择时滞τ为分支参数,得到了:当时滞τ通过一系列的临界值时,Hopf分支产生,即当时滞τ通过某些临界值时,从平衡点处产生一簇周期解,最后,用数值模拟验证了分析结果的正确性.     

具有垂直传染及脉冲免疫接种的SIQR传染病模型

研究具有垂直传染及脉冲免疫接种的SIQR传染病模型,得到了疾病流行与否的阈值,利用脉冲微分方程的Floquet定理及比较定理证明了无病周期解的存在性及全局渐近稳定性,给出了系统一致持续的充分条件.     

带有脉冲免疫和脉冲隔离SIQV传染病模型的全局结论

讨论了带有免疫和脉冲隔离的SIQV传染病模型.假定在每次免疫期间有m次脉冲隔离发生,利用周期脉冲微分方程理论,证明了无病周期解在一定条件下是全局渐近稳定的.     

豚鼠气单胞菌灭活疫苗的安全性和免疫防治

对鲤鱼竖鳞病疫苗的安全性、免疫保护力和免疫效价进行了系统性的研究,并进行了口服免疫养殖应用实验。结果表明,该疫苗口服无毒性,注射途径的免疫保护率为８８．９％,免疫效价为２５００;口服途径的免疫保护率为８０％,免疫效价为２０００;而对照组的免疫效价为１５。养殖应用实验证明,口服疫苗可使鲤鱼竖鳞病的自然发病率降低５０％。     

Increased substitution rate in H5N1 avian influenza viruses during mass vaccination of poultry

As a means of heated debate,mass vaccination of poultry has been used in some countries to control H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI),which remains of global economic and public health significance.Theoretically,mass vaccination can act as an evolutionary selective force facilitating the emergence of vaccine-resistant viruses,similar to that widespread use of antibiotics facilitates the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.To support the hypothesis,the substitution rates in the two subunits,HA1 and HA2,of the viral hemagglutinin gene,were calculated using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) approach.It was found that the rate in the HA1 subunit,but not in the HA2 subunit,increased significantly during periods of mass vaccination(2005 2010 in China and 2003 2009 in Indonesia),in contrast to the periods when no mass vaccination programs took place(1996 2004 in China and 2004 2008 in Thailand).Because substitutions in the HA1 subunit rather than in the HA2 subunit can lead to vaccine-resistant viruses,the results support that mass vaccination programs facilitate the emergence of vaccine-resistant viruses,which,in turn,will render mass vaccination programs less effective.Therefore,caution must be taken when adopting mass vaccination as a long-term strategy to control HPAI.     

基于SIR传染病模型的不同控制策略比较

研究了SIR模型在连续接种、脉冲接种、治疗等不同策略下平衡点的稳定性,获得了疾病灭绝的阈值条件.通过比较各种控制策略的有效性,说明接种比治疗更能有效控制疾病,同时应用两种控制策略比单独应用一种更有效.     

Modelling vaccination strategies against foot-and-mouth disease

Vaccination has proved a powerful defence against a range of infectious diseases of humans and animals. However, its potential to control major epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in livestock is contentious. Using an individual farm-based model, we consider either national prophylactic vaccination campaigns in advance of an outbreak, or combinations of reactive vaccination and culling strategies during an epidemic. Consistent with standard epidemiological theory, mass prophylactic vaccination could reduce greatly the potential for a major epidemic, while the targeting of high-risk farms increases efficiency. Given sufficient resources and preparation, a combination of reactive vaccination and culling might control ongoing epidemics. We also explore a reactive strategy, 'predictive' vaccination, which targets key spatial transmission loci and can reduce markedly the long tail that characterizes many FMD epidemics. These analyses have broader implications for the control of human and livestock infectious diseases in heterogeneous spatial landscapes.     

鸭不同MHC单倍型对禽流感重组疫苗免疫效果的影响

目的不同品系的鸭对禽流感(AI)疫苗诱导的效价有差异,分析这种差异是否与主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)有关。方法用表达H5亚型禽流感HA基因重组鸭瘟活载体疫苗免疫抗原提呈相关转运体TAP基因等位基因型不同的4种SPF鸭,比较其血清HI动态变化。结果免疫后连续观察的9周中,B3群SPF鸭HI抗体效价始终显著高于另外3个群。结论鸭的不同MHC单倍型可能与AI疫苗的不同免疫效力相关。     

具有脉冲接种的SIR传染病模型的优化控制

将最优脉冲控制原理应用到具有脉冲接种的SIR传染病模型，使治疗费用和接种费用最省，并给出求最优接种量和最优接种周期的充要条件．     

丛枝菌根真菌的增殖技术比较分析

以三叶草作宿主植物,采用单孢接种和多孢接种．接种摩西球囊霉、地表球囊霉、地球囊霉、缩球囊霉和网状球囊霉,在土培、沙培和液培3种条件下进行增殖．收获后分别测定丛枝着生率、泡囊的数量和产孢量等重要的生产指标．研究结果表明,土培法、沙培法、液培法都可用来生产接种剂．但生产效果存在显著差异．所测定的各个指标在液培条件下都较高．沙培法次之,土培法最低．参试的5个菌种都对三叶草表现出亲和性．其中摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉各项指标都较高．适于生产菌剂;多孢接种较单孢接种具有显著的数量优势．单孢接种可用于菌种纯化．     

一类具有Logistic死亡率的脉冲免疫接种SIRS传染病模型

建立了一类具有一般Logistic死亡率和标准传染率的SIRS传染病模型, 在脉冲免疫接种条件下, 利用离散动力系统的频闪映射方法, 得到了系统的无病周期解. 运用Floquet乘子理论和脉冲微分方程比较定理, 证明了该周期解的全局渐近稳定性, 并获得了系统一致持续生存的条件. 结果表明, 为了阻止疾病流行, 需要选择恰当的脉冲接种率和脉冲免疫接种周期.     

Low-coverage vaccination strategies for the conservation of endangered species

The conventional objective of vaccination programmes is to eliminate infection by reducing the reproduction number of an infectious agent to less than one, which generally requires vaccination of the majority of individuals. In populations of endangered wildlife, the intervention required to deliver such coverage can be undesirable and impractical; however, endangered populations are increasingly threatened by outbreaks of infectious disease for which effective vaccines exist. As an alternative, wildlife epidemiologists could adopt a vaccination strategy that protects a population from the consequences of only the largest outbreaks of disease. Here we provide a successful example of this strategy in the Ethiopian wolf, the world's rarest canid, which persists in small subpopulations threatened by repeated outbreaks of rabies introduced by domestic dogs. On the basis of data from past outbreaks, we propose an approach that controls the spread of disease through habitat corridors between subpopulations and that requires only low vaccination coverage. This approach reduces the extent of rabies outbreaks and should significantly enhance the long-term persistence of the population. Our study shows that vaccination used to enhance metapopulation persistence through elimination of the largest outbreaks of disease requires lower coverage than the conventional objective of reducing the reproduction number of an infectious agent to less than one.