植物叶片有效光照面积模型建立

研究树木的自然生长是否以植物叶片最小重叠部分来获取最大的有效光照面积,建模借助MATLAB软件,建立植物叶片的多目标优化模型并求解,然后与实测生长到稳定阶段树木树冠的高和半径比较,最后进行误差分析,误差均小于5%,实验证明该模型可靠、准确度高.     

Enhancement in wheat leaf photophosphorylation and photosynthesis by spraying low concentration of NaHSO3

Spraying 1-2 mmol/L NaHSO3 on the leaf of wheat results in enhancement of photosynthesis in leaves for about 3 d. The amount of ATP has been increased and the millisecond delayed light emission of the leaves has been enhanced, showing that the transmembrane proton motive force related to photophosphorylation is increased. Spraying PMS (a cofactor catalyzing cycle photophosphorylation) and NaHSO3 separately or together on the leaves, 20% increase in photosynthesis has been observed in all the treatments. There is no additive effect when a mixture is applied, suggesting that the mechanism for NaHSO3 promotion of photosynthesis is similar to PMS, and both of them enhance the supply of ATP.     

Estimation of net surface shortwave radiation from land surface temperature in regional scale

The method to estimate NSSR (net surface shortwave radiation) from LST (land surface temperature) in regional scale is discussed. First, an elliptical model between the time series of normalized LST and NSSR was developed using the daily evolution of LST and NSSR. Second, time series of LST and NSSR were simulated by common land model (CoLM) and were proved to be of high accuracy. On the basis of these, a non-linear least square ellipse fitting using the genetic algorithm method was used to fit the normalized LST and NSSR. Finally, LST was inverted using MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) data with the split-window algorithm, and the regional NSSR was then estimated with LST and an elliptical model. The validation result shows that the derived average NSSR of 50×50 pixels of MODIS data was quite close to the observed data, and the distribution was reasonable, which indicates that the proposed method was capable of estimating NSSR on a regional scale.     

Enhancement in wheat leaf photophosphorylation and photosynthesis by spraying low concentration of NaHSO3

Spraying 1—2 mmol/L NaHSO₃ on the leaf of wheat results in enhancement of photosynthesis in leaves for about 3 d. The amount of ATP has been increased and the millisecond delayed light emission of the leaves has been enhanced, showing that the transmembrane proton motive force related to photophosphorylation is increased. Spraying PMS (a cofactor catalyzing cycle photophosphorylation) and NaHSO₃ separately or together on the leaves, 20% increase in photosynthesis has been observed in all the treatments. There is no additive effect when a mixture is applied, suggesting that the mechanism for NaHSO₃ promotion of photosynthesis is similar to PMS, and both of them enhance the supply of ATP.     

中国土地轮耕发展的数学模型研究

运用样本回归模型分析当轮耕影响粮食产量达到多少比例时,中央财政预计需相应安排多少专项补贴资金;通过对国家财政收入、国家人口数量、人均粮食需求、工业粮食需求、粮食产量、耕地面积变化、天气气候等数据进行计量分析,画出折线图并添加趋势线进一步分析,通过灰色预测模型并用Matlab编程对各项数据进行求解和检验;对未来粮食产量及土地轮耕面积进行预测.     

微分方程形式的蛛网模型

首先,在连续时间的条件下,建立了蛛网模型的微分方程形式;其次,通过分析微分方程模型平衡点的稳定性,得到了蛛网模型稳定的条件;最后给出与微分方程模型相应的经济解释和具体应用.     

不同叶色青钱柳叶片色素、多酚含量及光合特性的差异

【目的】青钱柳是多功能树种,通过比较分析两种不同叶色青钱柳叶片色素、黄酮和单宁两类多酚含量及其光合特性的差异,为青钱柳良种选育提供理论依据。【方法】按照季节动态分别采集红叶青钱柳和绿叶青钱柳的新叶和成熟叶,测定其花色素苷、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、单宁和黄酮含量,定期测定4种类型叶的净光合速率(P_n)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m),并采用单因素方差分析比较不同类型叶间的差异。【结果】红叶青钱柳的新叶花色素苷含量显著高于其他3种类型叶(P<0.05),但叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著低于红叶青钱柳和绿叶青钱柳的成熟叶片(P<0.05);红叶青钱柳和绿叶青钱柳的成熟叶片中的黄酮和单宁含量在多数采样时间均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但在秋季,红叶青钱柳成熟叶片的单宁含量显著高于绿叶青钱柳的成熟叶片(P<0.05);由于红叶青钱柳的新叶积累高花色素苷含量而使总叶绿素含量下降,但其P_n与绿叶青钱柳的新叶不存在显著差异(P> 0.05),红叶青钱柳和绿叶青钱柳成熟叶片的P_n也不存在显著差异(P> 0.05)。【结论】较高浓度的花色素苷是红叶青钱柳新叶呈现红色的主要原因;红叶青钱柳和绿叶青钱柳叶中单宁与黄酮的含量存在一定差异,但总体上差异不显著;红叶青钱柳新叶阶段叶多酚类物质含量较高,但在成熟叶阶段与绿叶青钱柳无显著差异(P> 0.05)。因此,红叶这一表型性状可为青钱柳药用优良单株的筛选提供一定参考,红叶青钱柳在7—8月叶片仍保持较高花色素苷含量而呈现红色,比绿叶青钱柳具有更高的观赏价值。     

模纹绿篱在现代植物造景中的应用

在对模纹绿篱的发展历史进行考证的基础上,根据模纹绿篱在现代植物造景应用中出现的种类和所起的作用,重新提出了设计原则以及在现代植物造景应用过程中应注意的几个问题。     

基于改进Sargin方程和过-徐模型的混凝土三维损伤模型

利用混凝土已有本构关系建立混凝土三维损伤模型.针对基于Ottosen本构关系建立的损伤模型中的不足之处,提出基于改进Sargin方程和过-徐模型建立混凝土三维损伤模型的方法.该方法利用改进的Sargin方程作为混凝土三维应力状态的等效单轴方程,基于等效单轴方程的割线弹性模量的下降率定义损伤指标,对典型比例加载情形全过程进行损伤计算.与Mazars、Ottosen损伤模型进行对比,该模型更符合试验结果,更能够描述不同加载比例下的损伤.     

柱坐标系下Oldroyd B流体模型

从Oldroyd提出的研究本构方程的新理论出发，得出张量形式OldroydB流体的本构方程，推导出了柱坐标系下的6个方向上的分量形式的方程，并将此结果用于管内非线性非定常流动中。