COSMOSWORKS在零件设计中的应用

本文介绍了用COSMOSWORKS有限元分析软件对简单零件的分析，包括静力分析和优化分析，详细了零件分析的一般过程，通过优化分析，得到了零件的最优化结果，优化后的零件质量比初始大为减小。     

小波分析在滤波中的应用

小波分析是一种能同时在时间域和频率域内进行局部分析的新的信号分析方法。该文首先引入小波分析的概念,介绍了声音变换;然后根据地球物理勘探中数据量大,处理速度要求高的特点选用了Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ小波,并做了适当的简化,实现了小波正反变换,最后系统地探讨了在陷波,时频滤波,时变滤波中的应用,通过几个数学模型和一个物理模型的试验,均得到了理想的结果。     

财务分析中杜邦系统与SWOT的结合使用

杜邦分析仅能了解企业的内部能力(优势和劣势),通过结合运用SWOT来链接外部,评价出企业的面临的机会和挑战,使企业实现财务管理目标,达到经营的成功。     

《西北大学学报》(自然科学版)2001年以来载文、作者和引文的统计分析

目的 为了较为客观、全面地剖析《西北大学学报》(自然科学版)近年来载、作和引的情况。方法 应用献计量学的方法，基于对2001年以来共19期该刊的定量分析，并与相关的献进行比较。结果 该刊19期共载546篇，基金项目论占81．14％，篇均页码3．85页；论合率84．43％，合作度3．06；第一作中具有高级职称的占48．54％，博士和博士研究生占34．98％，年龄31～40岁的占41．76％；引规范，篇均引7．01篇，数量适中，类型多样，质量上乘。结论 统计结果反映出该刊具有较高的学术水平和优秀的编辑质量。     

小波与信号

小波分析被认为是Fourier分析的重大突破,它已成为当今从应用数学到信号处理等众多领域的研究热点。本文介绍了小波分析产生的背景和基本知识,论述了小波分年与信号分析之间的密切联系。     

数值分析在马钱科Loganiaceae系统学研究上的应用

对Ｌｅｅｕｗｅｎｂｅｒｇ（１９８０）创立的马钱科（Ｌｏｇａｎｉａｃｅａｅ）分类系统,包括１０族２９属约５００种,采用表征分析和分支分析方法进行了研究,认为广义的马钱科需要 调整,把Ｂｕｄｄｌｅｊｅａｅ独立为一个科,即狭义Ｌｏｇａｎｉａｃｅａｅ包括Ｐｏｌｙｐｒｅｎｕｍ,Ｓｐｉｇｅｌｉａ,Ｍｉｔｒｅｏｌａ,Ｍｉｔｒａｓａｃｍｅ,Ｇｅｎｉｏｓｔｏｍａ,Ｌａｂｏｒｄｉａ,Ｌｏｇａｎｉａ,Ｓｔｒｙｃｈｎｏｓ     

浅谈财务报表分析的方法

财务分析是以企业财务报告等会计资料为基础,对企业的财务状况和经营成果进行分析和评价的一种方法。财务分析方法体系则是指进行财务分析所采用的各种方法组成的有机整体,是完成财务分析目标的重要方式和手段。本文着重介绍了财务报表分析的方法。     

安徽旅游业SWOT分析与总体形象设计

本文运用SWOT分析法(内外环境综合分析技术),比较全面、客观地分析了安徽旅游行业内部环境的优势、劣势和外部环境的机会、威胁,在此基础上,把安徽旅游总体形象设计成"秀美山水,厚重文化;三山三水三文化",对于安徽旅游行业了解自身,正视环境,加快发展,具有一定的指导价值.     

心率变异性分析系统的研制及其应用

采用Matlab建立了适合于临床和科研的、功能较为齐全的心率变异性（HRV）分析系统，该系统包括R波的提取与定位、HRV时域分析、频域分析的周期图与AR模型分析法，以及非线性分析的散点图法，提供了较多的方法函数和图形供选择，并利用该系统对典型糖尿病人进行了分析，结果表明该系统具有较高的阳性诊断率。     

固相吸附-原子吸收光谱法测定党参中铜的形态

建立了LSA-10吸附树脂固相吸附、原子吸收光谱法测定党参中微量铜的形态的方法.将党参中铜的形态划分为无机态、有机态和残渣态,每克党参中铜的总量为26.485μg,铜元素的回收率在94%～102%内.通过对党参中铜的总量和各形态分布的对比,得出铜的富集和分布的基本规律.     

海洋生物中的隐藏生物多样性与物种形成:终生浮游生物悖论

隐种广泛存在于各类海洋生物中,尤其是底栖无脊椎动物.然而,海洋终生浮游生物由于具有较强的扩散能力,往往被视为生物多样性低、物种形成慢.本文就海洋终生浮游生物隐种与物种形成的研究作一综述.基于研究的38个种类,结果表明:1)海洋终生浮游生物普遍存在隐种,其物种形成要比想象得快;2)由于引种的广泛存在,形态种生物多样性无法反映海洋终生浮游生物真正的物种多样性;3)地理隔离有助于海洋终生浮游生物隐种的形成,但异域物种形成的作用仍值得商榷;4)生态物种形成很可能是海洋终生浮游生物物种形成的主流模式.海洋终生浮游生物强基因流下快速的物种形成有悖于生物进化常理,解决该悖论将有助于我们对海洋物种形成和生物多样性的理解.     

Interactions among quantitative traits in the course of sympatric speciation.

Sympatric speciation, the origin of two or more species from a single local population, has almost certainly been involved in formation of several species flocks, and may be fairly common in nature. The most straightforward scenario for sympatric speciation requires disruptive selection favouring two substantially different phenotypes, and consists of the evolution of reproductive isolation between them followed by the elimination of all intermediate phenotypes. Here we use the hypergeometric phenotypic model to show that sympatric speciation is possible even when fitness and mate choice depend on different quantitative traits, so that speciation must involve formation of covariance between these traits. The increase in the number of variable loci affecting fitness facilitates sympatric speciation, whereas the increase in the number of variable loci affecting mate choice has the opposite effect. These predictions may enable more cases of sympatric speciation to be identified.     

交联壳聚糖在化学形态分析中的应用

简要介绍了近年来汞、铬、硒、锡和锑的化学形态分析进展，并详尽介绍了一种新的选择性富集分离试剂——交联壳聚糖在化学形态分析中的应用情况，综述了交联壳聚糖及其衍生物在化学形态分析中的广泛应用．     

污泥原位固化处理后的重金属形态变化研究

原位固化技术对于大规模的弃置污泥处理具有一定的技术经济优势,但是处理后的污泥中的重金属是否能够实现稳定化尚不明确。通过某污泥原位固化处理工程,采用Tessier 5步提取法研究了固化污泥中重金属形态随固化剂添加量以及固化龄期的变化规律。结果表明,随着固化剂添加量的增加,Cu、Zn的稳定态显著增加,但是Pb的稳定态变化不明显;随着固化龄期的增加,三种重金属的稳定态都在增加。     

Evolutionary biology: evidence for sympatric speciation?

Sympatric speciation is difficult to demonstrate in nature and remains a hotly debated issue. Barluenga et al. present a case of putative sympatric speciation for two cichlid species in the Nicaraguan crater lake Apoyo, but they overlook or reinterpret some key published information on the system. Although sympatric speciation is possible in theory, we show here that, when this information is taken into account, the results of Barluenga et al. do not provide conclusive evidence for sympatric speciation: this is because the null hypothesis of multiple invasion with introgression cannot be rejected.     

环境中汞的形态分析

从环境中汞的存在形态出发，按测定方法进行分类；综述了近几年来汞的形态分析方法，并对各种方法进行了比较．     

大气颗粒物中元素Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni和 Mn的形态分析

为了探讨大气颗粒物中重金属Cu，Pb，Zn，Cr，Ni和Mn的存在形态，对济南市采暖期总悬浮颗粒物TSP样品进行分级提取．结果表明，不同区域TSP中的重金属元素存在形态分布差别较大，主要以残渣态为主，质量分布亦有明显差异．     

Speciation through sensory drive in cichlid fish

Theoretically, divergent selection on sensory systems can cause speciation through sensory drive. However, empirical evidence is rare and incomplete. Here we demonstrate sensory drive speciation within island populations of cichlid fish. We identify the ecological and molecular basis of divergent evolution in the cichlid visual system, demonstrate associated divergence in male colouration and female preferences, and show subsequent differentiation at neutral loci, indicating reproductive isolation. Evidence is replicated in several pairs of sympatric populations and species. Variation in the slope of the environmental gradients explains variation in the progress towards speciation: speciation occurs on all but the steepest gradients. This is the most complete demonstration so far of speciation through sensory drive without geographical isolation. Our results also provide a mechanistic explanation for the collapse of cichlid fish species diversity during the anthropogenic eutrophication of Lake Victoria.     

Speciation along environmental gradients

Traditional discussions of speciation are based on geographical patterns of species ranges. In allopatric speciation, long-term geographical isolation generates reproductively isolated and spatially segregated descendant species. In the absence of geographical barriers, diversification is hindered by gene flow. Yet a growing body of phylogenetic and experimental data suggests that closely related species often occur in sympatry or have adjacent ranges in regions over which environmental changes are gradual and do not prevent gene flow. Theory has identified a variety of evolutionary processes that can result in speciation under sympatric conditions, with some recent advances concentrating on the phenomenon of evolutionary branching. Here we establish a link between geographical patterns and ecological processes of speciation by studying evolutionary branching in spatially structured populations. We show that along an environmental gradient, evolutionary branching can occur much more easily than in non-spatial models. This facilitation is most pronounced for gradients of intermediate slope. Moreover, spatial evolutionary branching readily generates patterns of spatial segregation and abutment between the emerging species. Our results highlight the importance of local processes of adaptive divergence for geographical patterns of speciation, and caution against pitfalls of inferring past speciation processes from present biogeographical patterns.