e型电子枪中非均匀磁场偏转系统的聚焦特性研究

利用永磁铁结构的偏转聚焦系统产生的非均匀磁场,改进了目前e型电子枪电子束偏转聚焦特性,同时缩小了枪体体积,减小了功耗.采用边界元法与等效磁荷法,模拟了偏转聚焦系统的非均匀磁场,再利用龙格一库塔法模拟出电子在该系统中的运动轨迹.为获得良好的聚焦特性,电子发射速度和发射位置应进行优化选择,同时电子束保持水平出射.研究结果表明:电子枪阳极板端点与阴极灯丝中心点保持水平可满足电子水平出射;非均匀分布的磁场对e型电子枪中电子束具有良好的聚焦作用;所设计的偏转聚焦系统在电子束流为50～100 mA时,束斑小于3 mm.     

9MeV 行波电子直线加速器电子枪的模拟计算

介绍了海关集装箱检测系统用９ＭｅＶ行波电子直线加速器上电子枪的结构与特点。电子枪提供的初始电子束流性能直接影响到加速管上聚焦磁场的参数要求,为保证加速器出口处电子束打靶产生的ｘ射线剂量满足阵列探测器检测图象清晰度的要求,电子枪必须提供３００ｍＡ束流。为此,利用ＥＧＵＮ程序对电子枪的电子轨迹模拟计算,研究了聚焦极与阴极间相对尺寸与位置变化,以及阴极与阳极间距对束流与发射度的影响。提供了更换部件,缩小聚集极与阴极间隙及装配尺寸的参考尺寸与理论依据。     

一种高性能电子枪的设计

通过增大聚焦极口径以提高电子束的利用率,保证阴极发射的电子全部打到荧光屏上,以实现提高亮度的目的.同时在聚焦极与阳极之间增加一个自由电位电极,该电极电位受聚焦极与阳极静电电压感应,形成界于聚焦极与阳极间的电压,该电压在电子枪内形成了另一个聚焦极,从而使从阴极发射出的电子在经过聚焦极聚焦后又进行了一次会聚,因而进一步提高了电子枪的分辨率.     

5兆电子伏工业用电子直线加速器设计

我们设计了一台5兆电子伏工业用电子直线加速器。加速管由聚束段和光速段构成,采用定α结构。本文描述了工作特性、聚焦磁场及电子枪设计的计算方法和结果。也给出了一些对结构设计有用的横向运动计算资料。     

使用永磁透镜减小永磁微波离子源引出束流发散的研究

介绍了北京大学重离子物理研究所2.45GHz袖珍永磁微波离子源引出系统的一项改进,即在距该离子源永磁环9cm处加一个长为10cm的永磁透镜。通过计算机模拟和实际测量,对增加此透镜前后比较了磁场分布的变化。模拟计算和实验结果表明,永磁透镜产生的磁场可以有效地聚焦引出的束流,减小引出束流的束斑尺寸。与电磁螺线管透镜相比,该项改进简化了束流传输系统,节省了电功率,并有利于改善离子源区的真空。     

使用永磁透镜减小永磁微波离子源引出束流发散的研究

介绍了北京大学重离子物理研究所2.45GHz袖珍永磁微波离子源引出系统的一项改进,即在距该离子源永磁环9cm处加一个长为10cm的永磁透镜.通过计算机模拟和实际测量,对增加此透镜前后比较了磁场分布的变化.模拟计算和实验结果表明,永磁透镜产生的磁场可以有效地聚焦引出的束流,减小引出束流的束斑尺寸.与电磁螺线管透镜相比,该项改进简化了束流传输系统,节省了电功率,并有利于改善离子源区的真空.     

场致发射三极管的结构模拟

以场致发射原理为基础，对场致发射三极管器件结构进行有限差分的模拟计算．在保持其它参数不变的条件下，改变尖锥曲率半径、栅孔半径，分析对电场强度、发射电流密度及电子轨迹的影响．针对电子注的发散问题，讨论双聚焦情况．     

周期聚焦磁场对强流离子束的束晕控制效果研究

采用粒子-束核模型,通过编制多粒子(PIC)程序,模拟研究对数函数控制器对初始分布为K-V分布的强流离子束在正弦波和三角波两种周期聚焦磁场作用下控制束晕-混沌的效果.结果表明,在这两种周期聚焦磁场中对数函数控制器均能对束晕进行有效控制,但是在三角波磁场中的控制效果好于正弦波磁场.     

测量氧化镁的二次电子发射系数

介绍单脉冲电子枪法测量氧化镁的二次电子发射系数的测量系统和测量原理,用该测量系统测量出了原电子能量EP高达几十keV时的氧化镁的二次电子发射系数,对测量结果进行了讨论并得出结论:所测量的氧化镁的最大二次电子发射系数在以前的科技工作者所测的氧化镁的最大二次电子发射系数的范围内,表明用磁控溅射法制备的氧化镁的二次电子发射系数较低.     

8mm三次谐波回旋管双阳极电子枪计算机模拟

根据8mm三次谐波回旋管对电子枪的要求，采用综合法和分析法设计了该双阳极磁控注入电子枪。编制了一套大型的计算程序，利用计算机模拟，设计出了电极形状、电子轨迹与电子注参量。计算表明，这种电子枪具有速度零散小、层流性较好、体积小等特点。该枪已经用于制管实验中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with