基于新陈代谢GM(1,1)的大规模地震应急救援物资需求预测研究

大规模地震发生后,在时间有限且信息缺乏的情况下,以大样本为建模基础构建的传统预测模型难以实现对应急救援物资的快速准确预测.基于此,以灰色建模理论为基础,提出并构建一种基于新陈代谢的GM(1,1)灰色动态预测模型,利用其“去掉老信息,利用新信息”的建模特性,分析并预测地震灾区死亡人数的动态变化,进而预测相应地应急救援物资需求.将该模型应用于预测我国青海玉树地震灾区物资需求的数量,取得了较好的预测效果.研究成果对丰富与完善灰色预测模型的理论体系,实现大规模地震灾区应急救援物资需求的预测,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.     

灰色及其改进模型在人口预测中的应用

在灰色GM（1,1）模型和优化的等维递补GM（1,1）模型的基础上,构建了灰色＋BP神经网络组合模型。对2001～2005年我国人口的变化分析后,建立人口总量模型进行预测,利用原始教据建立的灰色＋BP神经网络组合模型预测我国2008年以后五年的人口总量为13．39亿、13．49亿、13．60亿、13．7亿、13．79亿,有逐年上升的趋势。经综合误差分析和后验差检验均为“优秀”,说明该模型具有一定的应用价值。     

基于混沌理论和Volterra自适应滤波器的天然气负荷预测

天然气是一种重要的清洁能源,如何预知未来时刻的天然气负荷,对于燃气公司与上游气源及下游用户制定合适的商业计划具有重要的意义.针对天然气短期负荷预测问题,提出基于混沌理论和Volterra自适应滤波器的预测模型.首先,对天然气时负荷时间序列进行日相关性分析,然后采用互信息法和伪最近邻域法确定延迟时间和最佳嵌入维数;其次,在相空间重构的基础上,对天然气时负荷时间序列进行混沌特性分析;再次,针对现有预测模型多为主观预测模型的特点,将Volterra自适应滤波器预测模型引入到天然气时负荷预测中,降低了人为主观性;最后,给出预测算例,探讨不同Volterra自适应滤波器阶数对预测效果的影响及对比了Volterra自适应滤波器预测模型与人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN)、傅里叶级数预测模型的预测精度,验证二阶Volterra自适应滤波器预测模型在不同日时负荷的预测效果.结果表明:二阶Volterra自适应滤波器预测模型较ANN、傅里叶级数预测模型具有更高的预测精度,为天然气短期负荷的在线工程应用提供了有益参考.     

基于模型融合的复杂生产过程产品质量预测

复杂生产过程中产品质量与工艺参数间存在复杂的非线性关系,为提高产品质量预测准确性,本文提出了一种基于模型融合的复杂生产过程产品质量预测方法.首先,分别对复杂生产过程建立基于改进随机森林算法的整体预测模型与分段预测模型,其中,针对整体预测模型特征选择问题,提出了一种相关性分析与去冗余处理相结合的特征选择方法,针对分阶段预测模型存在误差累积问题,提出了一种误差修正机制.其次,利用Stacking集成学习算法实现整体预测模型与分阶段预测模型的融合,综合利用二者的预测优势得到对产品质量的最终预测结果.最后,以烟丝生产过程烘丝机入口烟丝含水率的预测为例,通过对比传统单模型的预测方法,验证了本文所提基于模型融合预测方法的准确性.     

电磁开放系统谐振行为的广义系统函数研究

基于复频率理论，提出电磁开放系统中谐振行为的广义系统函数H（s）研究。H（s）是直接联系空间的辐射或散射场特性，并采用基于模型的参数估计技术（MBPE）在复频域中智能构建。通过研究H（s）在有限工作频带内的零点、极点以及留数特性，可有效分析开放系统中特殊的谐振现象，预测发生谐振的频率，以及谐振的强弱状态。天线和散射等电磁开放系统品质因数（Q值）的计算一直是一个有意义和挑战性的问题，基于广义系统函数H（s）和复频率ω理论，给出了谐振Q值的复频率计算方法，给出一些实际天线阵列的数值实验和讨论来说明广义系统函数理论的应用和正确性。     

基于Boosting梯度下降理论的时间序列建模方法

在预测问题中有很多实际问题具有时间序列特性,如何分析并建立合理的时间序列预测模型具有重要的理论价值与广泛的应用前景.随着对时间序列研究的逐步深入,时间序列预测模型变得越来越复杂,建模过程对设计技巧依赖性越来越强.如何设计一种不依赖于操作者的能力和经验,并且具有良好效果的建模方法呢？本文在集成学习理论的基础上,提出了基于Boosting梯度下降理论的自回归模型集成（AREnsembleLearning,AREL）建模法,从理论上分析并论证了该建模法的有效性.为了避免AREL精确拟合每一个训练样本点,在建模过程中引入了？-不敏感损失函,从而降低随机噪声对时间序列预测模型的影响.进而为了提高AREL对非平稳时间序列的处理能力,提高算法的鲁棒性,防止发生过拟合,降低算法对模型阶次设置的敏感性,提出了基于AREL的加权k近邻（weightedkNN）预报法.通过实例测试,并对结果进行了讨论,验证了所提出的建模法与预报方法的有效性.     

顾及大坝位移残差序列混沌效应的GA-BP预测模型

针对大坝观测数据常规模型训练后的残差混沌效应及模型回归方法的拟合度等问题,文中融合遗传算法与神经网络的数据训练优势,通过构建的遗传神经网络(GA-BP)算法对大坝变形观测序列资料进行回归提取残差序列.基于位移回归残差序列的混沌特性,利用混沌理论对其残差序列进行数值分析,并将残差预测结果与GA-BP预测模型进行叠加.据此,提出了考虑大坝变形残差序列混沌效应的GA-BP监控预测模型.实例表明,文中建立的预测模型的计算精度及收敛速度均得到提高,且考虑残差影响的大坝监控模型的预测效果得到了有效的提升.该模型的建模方法亦可推广应用于边坡及其他水工建筑物的安全预警.     

激光共聚焦显微镜研究填料在涂料中的分布I：正交分析方法研究填料在涂料中的纵向分布以及对耐候性能的影响

设计制备了2种不同TiO2填料填充的环氧树脂涂料,用激光共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）对填料TiO2在这2种涂料中的横向和纵向分布分别进行了研究.结果表明,在这2种涂料中TiO2填料的纵向分布差别较大.TiO2在Disp样品中的纵向分布比较均匀,而TiO2在Non-disp样品的纵向分布中存在1.1μm的一个填料缺失层（gap）,这个填料缺失层严重影响耐候过程中涂料的表面光学性质.根据LSCM的测试结果,提出了填料在涂料中的分布模型,并且根据该模型预测了耐候过程中涂料表面性质的变化：涂料的表面光学性质出现一个先降低再提高的过程.此理论预测结果与实际耐候过程中表面光学性质的变化情况一致,说明该模型的正确性与科学性.     

基于模糊控制修正Elman神经网络的电力负荷短期动态预测

为了更好地反映电力负荷系统非线性、动态性、时变性的特点,对电力负荷进行更加智能、准确的预测,将Elman神经网络与模糊控制相结合,提出了一种基于模糊控制修正Elman神经网络的电力负荷短期动态预测模型。首先利用Elman神经网络对电力负荷进行预测并计算预测残差,然后利用模糊控制对残差进行预测控制并对Elman神经网络预测结果进行智能修正,最后结合Elman神经网络与模糊控制修正结果得到最终的电力负荷预测结果。以辽宁省某市2015年6月份部分电力负荷历史数据为样本,结合天气温度情况,利用本文提出的模型进行了实际电力负荷短期预测,最终结果误差较小且比较稳定,优于单一Elman神经网络和该市目前电力系统预测结果,验证了本文提出模型的有效性及可靠性,为短期电力负荷预测提供了一种较为可靠的途径。     

（火积）在航天器热控系统并联热网络优化中的应用

本文针对航天器热控系统中并联热网络的流量分配与面积分配的优化问题,建立了其数学物理模型,并结合（火积）理论对其进行了分析计算和讨论.理论分析发现,该问题的优化设计目标（当量传热温度最低）与（火积）耗散极值原理所指出的优化方向是一致的.以两支路热网络系统为例,本文采用牛顿法对系统的（火积）耗散率求极值,对其流量分配与面积分配问题进行了优化计算,对比了最小熵产原理与（火积）耗散极值原理在分析该类问题时的异同,并根据计算结果讨论了优化结果的影响因素.研究发现,（火积）耗散极值原理在分析航天器传热优化问题中更具适用性;在优化结果的影响因素方面,支路的散热任务和总的传热面积对优化结果影响较大;对于冷流体流量,当其值超过某个阈值时,它对优化结果将几乎没有影响.同时,本文的计算结果表明,牛顿法是计算本问题的有效方法,在十支路热网络系统中仍可在较短计算时间内给出优化结果.     

基于RS GA ELM的矿井瓦斯涌出量预测

为了对煤矿井下瓦斯涌出量进行预测,采用粗糙集与改进极限学习机相结合的方法,在样本数据的筛选上吸取粗糙集数据约简的优点,充分利用极限学习机训练速度快、具有良好泛化性能的特点,并结合遗传算法选择最优的输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏差,避免随机产生所造成的误差。利用编写程序确定隐含层神经元个数,比依靠经验更为准确。在实际应用中选取煤层瓦斯含量、煤层埋藏深度、煤层厚度、煤层间距、工作面日产量五个因素作为预测的影响参数。研究结果表明:该预测模型预测的最大相对误差为5687 1%,最小相对误差为0,平均相对误差为2582 7%,相比改进前的预测模型具有更强的泛化能力和更高的预测精度。     

Rough sets bankruptcy prediction models versus auditor signalling rates

Both international and US auditing standards require auditors to evaluate the risk of bankruptcy when planning an audit and to modify their audit report if the bankruptcy risk remains high at the conclusion of the audit. Bankruptcy prediction is a problematic issue for auditors as the development of a cause–effect relationship between attributes that may cause or be related to bankruptcy and the actual occurrence of bankruptcy is difficult. Recent research indicates that auditors only signal bankruptcy in about 50% of the cases where companies subsequently declare bankruptcy. Rough sets theory is a new approach for dealing with the problem of apparent indiscernibility between objects in a set that has had a reported bankruptcy prediction accuracy ranging from 76% to 88% in two recent studies. These accuracy levels appear to be superior to auditor signalling rates, however, the two prior rough sets studies made no direct comparisons to auditor signalling rates and either employed small sample sizes or non‐current data. This study advances research in this area by comparing rough set prediction capability with actual auditor signalling rates for a large sample of United States companies from the 1991 to 1997 time period. Prior bankruptcy prediction research was carefully reviewed to identify 11 possible predictive factors which had both significant theoretical support and were present in multiple studies. These factors were expressed as variables and data for 11 variables was then obtained for 146 bankrupt United States public companies during the years 1991–1997. This sample was then matched in terms of size and industry to 145 non‐bankrupt companies from the same time period. The overall sample of 291 companies was divided into development and validation subsamples. Rough sets theory was then used to develop two different bankruptcy prediction models, each containing four variables from the 11 possible predictive variables. The rough sets theory based models achieved 61% and 68% classification accuracy on the validation sample using a progressive classification procedure involving three classification strategies. By comparison, auditors directly signalled going concern problems via opinion modifications for only 54% of the bankrupt companies. However, the auditor signalling rate for bankrupt companies increased to 66% when other opinion modifications related to going concern issues were included. In contrast with prior rough sets theory research which suggested that rough sets theory offered significant bankruptcy predictive improvements for auditors, the rough sets models developed in this research did not provide any significant comparative advantage with regard to prediction accuracy over the actual auditors' methodologies. The current research results should be fairly robust since this rough sets theory based research employed (1) a comparison of the rough sets model results to actual auditor decisions for the same companies, (2) recent data, (3) a relatively large sample size, (4) real world bankruptcy/non‐bankruptcy frequencies to develop the variable classifications, and (5) a wide range of industries and company sizes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A generalized regression model based on hybrid empirical mode decomposition and support vector regression with back-propagation neural network for mid-short-term load forecasting

Since load forecasting plays a decisive role in the safe and stable operation of power systems, it is particularly important to explore forecasting methods accurately. In this article, the hybrid empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and support vector regression (SVR) with back-propagation neural network (BPNN), namely the EMDHR-SVR-BPNN model, is proposed. Information theory is mainly used to solve the data tendency problem, and the EMD method is used to solve the data volatility problem. There is no interaction between these two methods; thus these two models can complement each other through generalized regression of orthogonal decomposition. Taking the load data from the New South Wales (NSW, Australia) market as an example, the obtained simulation results are compared with other models. It is concluded that the proposed EMDHR-SVR-BPNN model not only improves the forecasting accuracy but also has good fitting ability. It can reflect the changing tendency of data in a timely manner, providing a strong basis for the electricity generation of the power sector in the future, thus reducing electricity waste. The proposed EMDHR-SVR-BPNN model has potential for employment in mid-short term load forecasting.     

天宫一号基于控制力矩陀螺的智能多模自适应姿态控制系统设计与验证

天宫一号是目前我国在轨运行的体积最大、重量最重的载人航天器.它具有变构型、变参数的特性,采用控制力矩陀螺系统和喷气推进系统实现高精度、高稳定度姿态控制.本文通过对天宫一号控制对象参数缓变和跳变相结合特点的分析,规划了高可靠灵活的控制策略,设计了智能多模自适应姿态控制系统.利用智能控制中规则集设定多模自适应控制的指标切换函数分配,利用多模自适应控制算法建立多模型控制器实现不同控制对象,不同控制任务的姿态控制.天宫一号通过地面测试和物理仿真试验,最后发射在轨运行,与神舟八号、神舟九号、神舟十号载人飞船圆满完成交会对接任务,充分验证了姿态控制系统设计的正确性和有效性.该设计方法在解决大型航天器变构型、变参数组合体姿态控制方面有突出优点,在未来的载人航天领域空间站建设具有应用前景.     

道路交通事故等间隔序列的灰色预测方法

在分析道路交通系统灰色属性的基础上，论文提出可以将道路交通事故作为道路交通系统行为特征量处理，运用灰色理论和方法来进行道路交通事故预测，在此基础上，建立了道路交通事故的等间隔序列灰色预测模型，并运用实例验证了模型的实用性。     

On estimation and prediction procedures for ar(1) models with power transformation

The power transformation of Box and Cox (1964) has been shown to be quite useful in short-term forecasting for the linear regression model with AR(1) dependence structure (see, for example, Lee and Lu, 1987, 1989). It is crucial to have good estimates of the power transformation and serial. correlation parameters, because they form the basis for estimating other parameters and predicting future observations. The prediction of future observations is the main focus of this paper. We propose to estimate these two parameters by minimizing the mean squared prediction errors. These estimates and the corresponding predictions compare favourably, via revs and simulated data, with those obtained by the maximum likelihood method. Similar results are also demonstrated in the repeated measurements setting.     

Forecasting market potential and market penetration of residential water heater load control programs

This paper presents a model which estimates market potential and forecasts market penetration for one demand-side management (DSM) programwater heater load controlin the service territory of Virginia Power Corporation, a large electric utility in the south-eastern United States. Water heater load control is a voluntary program where customers are paid a monthly incentive to allow the utility to shut off power to their electric water heaters during periods of peak demand. Reducing the level of peak demand through DSM programs is one way for utilities to avoid building new power plants. The current total energy (or demand) impact due to a load control program is the sum of the changes in energy (or demand) for all program participants. The projected energy and demand impact due to a load control program is the average change per participant multiplied by the number of participants or adopters of the program. While it is reasonably straightforward to measure the energy savings resulting from shutting off power to a water heater, the more difficult task for planning purposes is forecasting the number of customers who will actually join the program (i.e. the market penetration) for a given incentive. The customer decision process is divided into three stages: eligibility, awareness, and adoption. The responsiveness of market penetration to changes in advertising and incentive amounts is demonstrated. In addition, the impact of changing advertising and incentive amounts on the percentage of aware customers who adopt the program and on that of eligible customers who become aware of the program is estimated. This model can be used by utility planners and managers to forecast the market penetration of both new and existing load control programs. In addition, it can be employed to estimate the impact of various promotion and marketing schemes on both market potential and market penetration.     

Co-localization of galectin-1 with GM1 ganglioside in the course of its clathrin- and raft-dependent endocytosis

Mammalian galectin-1 (Gal-1), a beta-galactoside-binding lectin has a prominent role in regulating cell adhesion, cell growth and immune responses. Downregulation of these biological functions may occur via internalization of Gal-1. In the present study we have investigated the mechanism and possible mediator(s) of Gal-1 endocytosis. We show that internalization occurs at a temperature higher than 22 degrees C in an energy dependent fashion. After one hour incubation Gal-1 localizes in the Golgi system within the cells, and then disappears without accumulation in degradation compartments, such as lysosomes. Based on their strong intracellular co-localization, two glycoconjugates, GM1 ganglioside and CD7 are implicated in the sorting of internalized Gal-1 into Golgi. Other known Gal-1 binding glycoproteins on T cells (CD2, CD3, CD43 and CD45) do not cointernalize with the lectin. Internalization of Gal-1 depends on its lectin activity and follows dual pathways involving clathrin-coated vesicles and raft-dependent endocytosis.     

The approximation of long‐memory processes by an ARMA model

A mean square error criterion is proposed in this paper to provide a systematic approach to approximate a long‐memory time series by a short‐memory ARMA(1, 1) process. Analytic expressions are derived to assess the effect of such an approximation. These results are established not only for the pure fractional noise case, but also for a general autoregressive fractional moving average long‐memory time series. Performances of the ARMA(1,1) approximation as compared to using an ARFIMA model are illustrated by both computations and an application to the Nile river series. Results derived in this paper shed light on the forecasting issue of a long‐memory process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.