Metallogenic epoch and genesis of the gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: a regional review

Gold deposits are characterized by multi-sources, superimposition, large scale and temporal-spatial concentration in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China. In this paper, we review the history and the development of the study on metallogenic chronology and genesis of gold deposits, summarize the main features of superimposed metallogenesis, provide evidence of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system, and point out some problems for further research of Jiaodong gold deposit cluster from a regional view. Although gold deposits are different in genetic types, ore-forming materials and geological settings, our research indicates that the accumulation and emplacement of the ore-forming materials are temporally-spatially concentrated on a large scale, and the main metallogenic epoch of Jiaodong gold deposits was concentrated in Mesozoic. Metallogenic chronology and geological-geochemical data indicate that there are two periods of gold mineralizations occurred in 130?110 Ma and 90?80 Ma respectively in Jiaodong ore cluster. The gold deposit cluster results from the superimposition of the polygenetic mineralization, and further study is needed to investigate the formation and evolution of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system.     

贵州灰家堡金矿田成矿与蚀变元素迁移

选择贵州省灰家堡金矿田内最为典型的水银洞矿床和太平洞矿床,研究卡林型金矿床围岩蚀变过程中元素迁移规律与方式,探讨围岩蚀变与金矿化的内在联系。典型矿床围岩→矿化围岩→矿石的岩相学特征及与其对应的Grant质量平衡方程计算结果表明,卡林型金矿各成矿阶段所对应的围岩蚀变类型与通过计算所反映的元素迁移规律相一致;地球化学热力学计算结果显示,Au主要以AuHS0络合物的形式在成矿溶液中迁移。元素迁移研究的结果证明不同成矿阶段发生的围岩蚀变促进卡林型金矿主要成矿物质发生迁移,进而沉淀富集成矿。     

小佟家堡子金矿床微量稀土元素特征

为进一步探讨小佟家堡子金矿床成矿物质来源及印支-燕山期岩浆活动对其成矿作用的影响,对该矿床岩矿石进行微量稀土元素的测试和特征分析.微量稀土元素特征显示,与矿体相比,盖县组片岩、大石桥组大理岩显示出相似的微量元素变化趋势以及稀土配分模式,印支期花岗岩仅在P,Zr,Hf等微量元素上出现较大反差,吕梁期-燕山期岩浆岩体在稀土配分模式上只有Er明显亏损,反映金成矿与地层和岩浆岩关系密切;稀土元素特征显示成矿热液为富Cl^-的还原性流体,成矿物质来源和成矿流体来源具有复杂性,吕梁期和燕山期花岗岩与盖县组片岩和大石桥组大理岩均为该矿体的形成提供了成矿物质,且深部成矿物质也参与成矿,矿床类型为岩浆热液叠加型金矿床.     

西南天山金锑成矿带成矿远景

中国新疆西南天山是中亚南天山金和有色金属成矿带的东延部分,成矿潜力巨大.分析了区域成矿背景,总结了金、锑成矿规律,划分了6个成矿带和15个金、锑成矿区,对4个重点成矿区的成矿远景进行了分析.指出萨瓦亚尔顿河上游、乌兰赛尔-萨恨托亥、乌什北山、哈尔克成矿带的西北部、查汗萨拉、卡拉脚古牙应作为首批重点研究和找矿靶区.提出穆龙套型金矿应作为主攻类型,对于锑矿应重视碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩接触部位的破碎带,并注意锑与其他金属的共生规律.     

广西大厂铜坑矿床中闪锌矿微量、稀土元素及氢氧同位素特征

位于江南古陆西南缘、右江盆地北东侧的大厂矿田是我国重要的有色金属矿产地,铜坑矿床是大厂矿田内规模最大、成矿元素最复杂、成矿特征最典型的一个超大型锡多金属矿床,由上部锡多金属矿体和深部锌铜矿体组成。本文以铜坑矿床不同类型矿体（锡多金属矿体、锌铜矿体）中的闪锌矿为研究对象,开展了微量、稀土元素及H-O同位素分析,意图进一步探讨区内成矿物质、成矿流体来源,并深化矿床成因认识。结果显示,铜坑矿床不同类型矿体中的闪锌矿均以富集Cu、Pb、Fe、Sb、In等元素,贫Ge为特征;闪锌矿的稀土配分模式多为轻稀土富集的“V型”右倾曲线,以LREE/HREE值较高、Eu和Ce负异常为特征;闪锌矿H-O同位素组成指示成矿流体以岩浆为主,伴随有大气降水的混入。上述特征表明,铜坑矿床成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,矿床成因属岩浆热液充填-交代形成。     

江西乐平塔前钼(钨)矿床成岩成矿时代及意义

探讨江西省乐平市塔前钼(钨)矿床成矿岩体的形成时代。通过对塔前钼(钨)矿床进行野外地质调查和SIMS锆石U-Pb测龄,结果表明其成矿母岩为花岗闪长斑岩,其加权平均年龄为160.9±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.69),代表矿区花岗闪长斑岩的结晶时间。这与矿区矽卡岩矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄(162±2 Ma)在误差范围内一致,说明此矿床形成于中侏罗世晚期。将其与钦杭成矿带东段塔前-赋春成矿带与乐华—德兴成矿带中同类矿床进行对比发现,前者成矿年龄集中于161 Ma±,控岩控矿构造皆以北东向为主;而后者成矿年龄集中于170 Ma±,控岩控矿构造以北西向为主,预示钦杭成矿带东段2个成矿阶段(170~161 Ma B.P.)区域构造应力方向可能发生了重大转变。     

广西隆或金锑矿床稀土、微量元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

隆或金锑矿床是广西右江成矿带新近发现的重要矿床,为了探讨其成矿流体来源,对其地质背景、矿石及围岩的稀土、微量元素地球化学特征进行对比分析研究.结果表明:矿床赋存于下石炭统-上泥盆统一套碳酸盐岩地层中.矿体呈似层状、脉状,主要受近东西向断裂控制.元素地球化学特征指示隆或金锑矿床成矿流体具有壳幔混合特征,但富矿围岩可能不是...     

西南天山锑矿床类型及典型矿床特征

西南天山的锑矿床可划分为碳酸盐岩型、碎屑岩型和浅变质岩型 3类 ,并以后 2类为主 ,锑矿床主要特点是锑汞、锑金、锑银共生。查汗萨拉锑银矿床容矿岩系为碎屑岩 ,成矿物质来源于矿源层 ,断裂活动是成矿的主导因素之一。萨瓦亚尔顿金锑矿床赋存于浅变质岩系 ,矿体受一组早期为韧性、中晚期为脆性的剪切带控制 ,成矿物质多来源 ,成矿具多期多阶段特点 ,剪切作用活动及演化是重要的控矿因素。     

浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床地质特征及 ESR 年代学

探讨浙江天台盆地下陈萤石矿床的矿床地质特征与成矿时代，为寻找成因类似的矿床提供理论依据。通过该矿床的野外地质特征和岩矿石显微镜下特征的研究，并利用热活化电子自旋共振测龄法对矿区内不同矿脉上与萤石共生的石英进行了测定，结果表明下陈萤石矿床为热液充填型脉状萤石矿床，成矿年龄平均为75．3±7．0 Ma，其成矿时代主要为晚白垩世。对浙江不同地区萤石矿床成矿时代的规律进行总结，显示浙江的萤石矿成矿时代呈现多期次性，在早白垩世早期、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世均有成矿作用发生，主要集中在晚白垩世。     

山东焦家金矿田锶、铅同位素特征及其地质意义

焦家金矿田是胶西北地区重要的金矿产地,金矿类型以破碎带蚀变岩型为主,其成矿物质来源及成矿地质体尚存争议。采取了焦家金矿田深部样品,分析其同位素特征,研究成矿物质来源,探讨金矿成矿地质体。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr=0.711 653～0.732 45,按焦家金矿田平均成矿年龄120 Ma返算的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i的值,其范围0.710 752～0.711 986,与郭家岭花岗岩较为接近。焦家金矿田金矿石黄铁矿²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.683～38.103,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.43～15.547,²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.04～17.44。焦家金矿田金矿体铅为地幔和下地壳的混合源。郭家岭型花岗岩与焦家金矿田金矿形成时间相近,分布空间相依,与金矿体同位素组成接近,成因上有密切联系,是金矿的成矿地质体。     

金矿化地质地球化学特征

作者发现金矿（化）点２０余处，包括４个类型：（１）受花岗岩中相关剪切带控制的黄铁绢英岩金矿；（２）多金属硫化物石英型脉型金银矿；（３）陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿；（４）陆相砾岩金矿。（１）、（３）两种类型金矿具工业规模。黄铁绢英岩金矿主要赋存在以胶东群为交代基体的重熔花岗岩或交代花岗岩的构造蚀变带中心。这类构造蚀变带是遭受长期构造应力作用并叠加后期构造破裂经热液蚀变形成的。成矿热液为中温碱性溶液，金多呈金氯络合物形式被活化搬运。该类型金矿与强绢英岩化蚀变关系密切，在韧性剪切带基础上发育的蚀变糜棱岩化花岗岩带上等间距成群出现。陆相含炭岩系沉积改造层控金矿，为缓倾斜层状、似层状、透镜状矿体，受下白垩统莱阳群一段上、下含炭岩系控制。金矿在上、下含炭岩系中多层出现。此类矿床为晚元古代胶北地体隆起为陆，风化剥蚀产物沉积在中生代断陷盆地陆相湖泊基底堆积物中，由于盆地底部丰富的有机质及粘土对古风化产物中分解的自然金的富集作用形成了富金矿源层，ＡＵ：１４－８００ｐｐｂ。在燕山晚期强烈构造变动影响下，成矿热液活动，有机炭在矿床改造过程中进一步富金作用，形成工业矿床。这是一新类型金矿。     

新疆西天山西段金铜成矿带——中亚成矿域东延

新疆西天山西段位于哈萨克斯坦 -伊犁板块的东南部边缘 ,包括伊犁石炭纪裂谷、那拉提地块、哈尔克早古生代被动陆缘褶皱带。主要已知矿床 (点 )按其容矿围岩可分为镁铁 -超镁铁岩型、斑岩型、花岗岩型、矽卡岩型、陆相火山岩型、陆相沉积岩型、浅变质含碳碎屑岩型。根据区内成矿地质条件、矿化特征 ,区内以找金矿主 ,兼顾铜镍矿等。金矿以穆龙套型和火山岩型金矿为主 ,同时注意卡林型和中 -酸性侵入岩内外接触带型 ;铜矿以镁铁 -超镁铁岩型和火山岩型为主。地质与成矿条件与中亚成矿域具有可比性 ,因此 ,新疆西天山西段金铜成矿带应为中亚成矿域东延部分     

Re-Os dating of gold-bearing arsenopyrite of the Maoling gold deposit,Liaoning Province,Northeast China and its geological significance

The Maoling gold deposit, one of the large gold deposits in eastern Liaoning Province, NE China, is an arsenopyrite-disseminated gold deposit with a resource of approximately 25 t Au and an average Au grade of 3.2 g/t. Six arsenopyrites closely related to Au mineralization of the Maoling gold deposit are dated by Re-Os technique and define a Re-Os isochron with an age of 2316±140 Ma, which suggests that the deposit was formed in the Paleoproterozoic era rather than in the Indosinian period as some early researchers suggested. High initial ^187Os/^188Os ratio of 1.32±0.48 indicates a crustal derivation of the ore-forming material of the deposit, which may be derived from rocks of the Gaixian formation of the Liaohe Group. Furthermore,the result also implies that the age of the Gaixian Formation in the Maoling district is older than 2316±140 Ma.     

Mineralizing age of the Rushan lode gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula：SHRIMP U-Pb dating on hydrothermal zircon

Knowledge of the mineralizing timing is fundamen-tal to understand the genesis of mineral deposits, and ex-act time spectrum of mineralization is essential to com-prehending the relationship among the genesis of en-dogenic hydrothermal deposits, regional tectonic-magma-tism event and the geodynamics of mineral deposits. The Jiaodong or eastern Shandong gold province islocated in the southeastern margin of the North Chinacraton, and belongs to the Mesozoic circum-Pacific oro-genic gold system…     

一种方解石化学成分标型方法及其在胶东金银矿中的应用

方解石是金矿中广泛发育的矿物之一,和金矿化关系密切.通过提出一种方解石化学成分标型参数δCa O-δCO2,成功应用于胶东金银矿中.对胶东各金矿和十里铺银矿中成矿期方解石的化学成分特征进行详细研究,结果表明:胶东岩浆热液型金矿及银矿中方解石的化学成分特征存在显著分区特征,金矿方解石的投点位于富CO2区域内,但银矿方解石的投点位于富Ca O区域内,以上金、银矿方解石的化学成分差异源于它们成矿环境的差异.     

The Rb-Sr isochron of ore and pyrite sub-samples from Linglong gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China and their geological significance

Here we report the first direct Rb-Sr dating of pyrites and ores using sub-sampling from lode gold deposits in Linglong, Jiaodong Peninsula, which is a supra-large lode gold deposit and propose this as a useful geochronological technique for gold mineralization with poor age constraint. The Rb-Sr data of pyrites yield an isochron age of (121.6±8.1) Ma, whereas those of ore and ore-pyrite spread in two ranges from 120.0 to 121.8 Ma and from 110.0 to 111.7 Ma. Studies of characteristic of gold deposit and microscopy of pyrite and quartz indicate that the apparent ages of ore and ore-pyrite are not isochron ages, only mixed by two end members, i.e. the primitive hydrothermal fluids and wall rocks, whereas the isochron age of pyrite sub-samples constrains the age of gold mineralization (121.6±8.1) Ma, i.e. early Cretaceous, which is in good agreement with the published SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages.     

Research advances in the Mesozoic tectonic regimes during the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area

Based on research advances of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and the related tectonic regime transformation in Mesozoic era in the eastern region of North China, in this paper, we first summarize some key problems required to be studied further on. Then we suggest an approach to dealing with these problems. It is known that the gold deposits in Jiaodong ore cluster area, which are of different mineralization styles, spatial distributions and geological settings, might be as a result from one or more geologic events in Mesozoic. Till now, this kind of research on the temporal evolution and spatial migration sequence, especially on the geodynamic mechanism of the above events, is far from sufficient. Moreover, quantitatively describing the action mode and the temporal?spatial framework of tectonic dynamic regimes and formulating the relative contribution of every tectonic dynamic regime for the metallogensis are still challenges to the geologists studying on the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area. According to the interpretation of the regional tectonic analysis, the structural dynamics, the observation and the exploration of the mineralization network, we propose a geological?physical?chemical model with some constraints originated from the comprehensive analysis. We then use this model to simulate the coupled processes of the structural deformation, thermal transport, fluid flow and the chemical reaction. The obtained results indicate that the model is efficient in further analyzing the temporal?spatial evolutional trail of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and in further understanding the nature of the mass metallogensis.     

湖南肖家山金矿床金元素分形特征及地质意义

湖南省肖家山金矿位于钦杭成矿带湖南段湘东北亚段,成矿条件良好,但其多期多阶段的特征成矿特征制约了区内勘查工作的进行.利用分形理论对肖家山金矿床品位和资源量进行了分析,揭示了分形分维特征与金富集成矿过程的关系,对矿山深边部的找矿具有重要的指导意义.研究表明,金品位分布直方图暗示了成矿过程具有多期矿化叠加特征.金品位具双重分维结构,分别对应着早期成矿预富集的石英―黄铁矿阶段、主要成矿的石英―硫化物阶段,而晚期的石英-铁白云石阶段对成矿并无贡献,反映了矿化的不均匀特征.资源量存在不同区段的多重分形,分维值小于1,表明矿床储量规模的分布差异较大,分布相对比较分散,具有良好的找矿潜力.     

耿庄金矿床金矿物特征及其矿床成因意义

为深入研究耿庄金矿床成因,开展金矿物特征系统观察研究.用电子探针测定了金矿物成分,计算金的成色.发现金矿物种类主要以银金矿为主,有少量自然金;金矿物成色508～896,平均673.观测金矿物的形状和大小发现,耿庄金矿物以角粒状等不规则形状为主,中粒金、细粒金较多.主要赋存在闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿等金属硫化物裂隙、晶隙中.结合产出特点和成矿地质条件,分析讨论了耿庄金矿物的形成条件及矿床成因意义.认为耿庄金矿矿床成矿期长,成矿阶段多,经历了中温-中低温成矿阶段,但以低温为主;形成作用为浅成-超浅低温热液成矿.     

Uprising period and elevation of the Wenyu granitic pluton in the Xiaoqinling District, Central China

Xiaoqinling District is an important gold-producing area in China. It ranks second to Jiaodong with regard to gold deposits. The uprising period of the Wenyu granitic pluton and the wall-rocks of the deposit, as well as the mineralizing depth and reserved place of gold ore bodies, are significant to ore exploration. Fission-track （FT） analysis of zircons and apatites of granitic rocks from the Wenyu granitic pluton shows that apatite FT （AFT） data modeling indicates a rapid cooling rate of 20℃/Ma from 138 to 120 Ma after emplacement at 138 Ma. Thermal evolution and inversion curves suggest a secondary phase of fast cooling and up- rising from 45 to 35 Ma, and 35 Ma, respectively, with a cooling rate of 6.7℃/Ma and a denudation quantity of -4.3 km. The last cooling phase took place from 〈4 Ma, with an average cooling rate of -11.3℃/Ma and a denudation amount of 1.3 km. Total exhumation quantity of 5.6 km and uprising elevation of 7.3 km are similar to the estimated results of fluid inclusions from the Dongtongyu and Wenyu gold deposits. The 39Ar/40Ar dating of sericite from the fault planes of the Xunmadao-Xiaohe and Taiyao faults demonstrate two uprising activities of the ore-host metamorphic complex. The Huashan and Wenyu granitic plutons inten- sively occurred during 77 and 45 Ma, respectively. These data sets are valuable for understanding the uplifting process and for preserving gold ore bodies in the Xiaoqinling area, as well as for further studies on tectonic evolutions of the Taihua Complex and the Qinling-Dabie Orogen.