东莨菪碱大鼠肠内菌代谢研究

用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(LC-ESIITMSn)联用法进行了东莨菪碱大鼠肠内菌中的代谢研究.以东莨菪碱优化色谱及质谱条件,总结其色谱及质谱行为规律.将东莨菪碱与大鼠肠内菌体外厌氧温孵培养,和空白样品及东莨菪碱标准品相比较,依据被测物的多级质谱数据,鉴定代谢物并阐述其结构.结果在温孵液中发现了东莨菪碱的水解代谢产物莨菪品.该方法灵敏度高、专属性好、样品前处理简单、快速,适合于药物代谢分析.     

Imaging of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Atherosclerosis is characterized by thickening of the walls of the arteries, a process that occurs slowly and 'silently' over decades. This prolonged course of disease provides a window of opportunity for diagnosis before symptoms occur. But, until recently, only advanced atherosclerotic disease could be observed. Now, developments in imaging technology offer many enticing prospects, including detecting atherosclerosis early, grouping individuals by the probability that they will develop symptoms of atherosclerosis, assessing the results of treatment and improving the current understanding of the biology of atherosclerosis.     

心血管疾病的基因治疗

基因治疗在先天遗传性以及后天获得性心血管疾病治疗中均具有广阔的发展前景. 对心血管疾病致病机理的深入认识和疾病基因组学研究的发展, 进一步促进了临床前基因治疗的研究进展. 但基因治疗过程中存在的机体细胞免疫反应、外源基因表达水平不足、在体基因转导效率低下等因素都成为基因治疗临床应用转化的瓶颈. 近年来, 基因导入载体和基因组编辑技术的发展为上述问题的改善和解决提供了新的思路. 目前成族规律间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)/Cas9 基因组编辑技术已经成功应用于动物模型的在体基因编辑, 达到了显著改善血脂指标的疗效. 进一步研究体内组织特异和高效的基因导入方式, 提高基因编辑的靶向效率和特异性, 并建立全面有效的安全评估实验体系, 将推动基因治疗向临床应用的转化. 针对心血管疾病基因治疗中基因导入载体的研究以及CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑技术的应用展开讨论.     

Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance - the core feature of type 2 diabetes - as well as alterations in lipids, blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We are now beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as the ways in which smoking and dyslipidaemia increase, and physical activity attenuates, the adverse effects of obesity on cardiovascular health.     

补铁与心血管疾病

铁是人体内重要的无机盐离子，主要以血红蛋白（Hb)的形式贮存于红细胞中，铁的缺乏易导致缺铁性贫血，影响人体机能及运动能力，然而过量的补铁却与人心血管病的发生有一定的关联，因此在补铁问题上也存在诸多的争论，文章就此问题展开讨论并提出建议。     

Targeting C-reactive protein for the treatment of cardiovascular disease

Complement-mediated inflammation exacerbates the tissue injury of ischaemic necrosis in heart attacks and strokes, the most common causes of death in developed countries. Large infarct size increases immediate morbidity and mortality and, in survivors of the acute event, larger non-functional scars adversely affect long-term prognosis. There is thus an important unmet medical need for new cardioprotective and neuroprotective treatments. We have previously shown that human C-reactive protein (CRP), the classical acute-phase protein that binds to ligands exposed in damaged tissue and then activates complement, increases myocardial and cerebral infarct size in rats subjected to coronary or cerebral artery ligation, respectively. Rat CRP does not activate rat complement, whereas human CRP activates both rat and human complement. Administration of human CRP to rats is thus an excellent model for the actions of endogenous human CRP. Here we report the design, synthesis and efficacy of 1,6-bis(phosphocholine)-hexane as a specific small-molecule inhibitor of CRP. Five molecules of this palindromic compound are bound by two pentameric CRP molecules, crosslinking and occluding the ligand-binding B-face of CRP and blocking its functions. Administration of 1,6-bis(phosphocholine)-hexane to rats undergoing acute myocardial infarction abrogated the increase in infarct size and cardiac dysfunction produced by injection of human CRP. Therapeutic inhibition of CRP is thus a promising new approach to cardioprotection in acute myocardial infarction, and may also provide neuroprotection in stroke. Potential wider applications include other inflammatory, infective and tissue-damaging conditions characterized by increased CRP production, in which binding of CRP to exposed ligands in damaged cells may lead to complement-mediated exacerbation of tissue injury.     

硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病的护理体会

目的 探讨硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病出现不同程度不良反应的原因和护理效果.方法 对本院1997年 来应用硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病580例病人的资料进行回顾性分析.结果 120例出现不同程度的不良反应,其中出现休克2例,体位性低血压54例,颜面潮红、胸闷、头晕头痛39例,静脉炎15例,尿潴留10例.结论 硝酸甘油浓度,滴速未掌握,健康宣教未到位是造成不良反应的原因,严格控制硝酸甘油浓度、滴速,有效健康教育,是提高硝酸甘油治疗心血疾病疗效,减少不良反应的主要手段.     

硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病的护理体会

目的探讨硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病出现不同程度不良反应的原因和护理效果。方法对本院1997年来应用硝酸甘油治疗心血管疾病580例病人的资料进行回顾性分析。结果120例出现不同程度的不良反应，其中出现休克2例，体位性低血压54例，颜面潮红、胸闷、头晕头痛39例，静脉炎15例，尿潴留l0例。结论硝酸甘油浓度，滴速未掌握，健康宣教未到位是造成不良反应的原因，严格控制硝酸甘油浓度、滴速，有效健康教育，是提高硝酸甘油治疗心血疾病疗效，减少不良反应的主要手段。     

上海植物区系新资料

报道了上海新记录植物8种2变种,隶属9科10属,其中外来植物新记录5种2变种:蓝花子Raphanus sativus var.raphanistroides(Makino)Makino、三裂叶绿豆Vigna radiata var.sublobata(Roxb.)Verdc.、大花酢浆草Oxalis bowiei Aiton ex G.Don、小马泡Cucumis bisexualis A.M.LuG.C.Wang、细果草龙Ludwigia leptocarpa(Nutt.)H.Hara、美丽月见草Oenothera speciosa Nutt.和疏花黑麦草Lolium remotum Schrank,其中三裂叶绿豆V/gna radiata var.sublobata(Roxb.)Verdc是中国大陆外来植物新记录;原生植物新记录3种:千金藤Stephania japonica(Thunb.)Miers、北水苦荬Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.和一点红Emilia sonchifolia(L.)DC.     

南江峡谷生态公园植物区系概况

南江峡谷生态公园地处贵州高原中部 ,属亚热带湿润季风气候 ,具特殊的喀斯特峡谷地貌 ,发育着类型多样的喀斯特植被 ,植物种类非常丰富 ;沿公园主要景区统计 ,共有维管束植物 118科、2 2 7属、414种 ;植物区系起源古老 ,具一定特有现象 ;地理成分有 13个分布类型 ,除世界分布属外 ,温带分布类型和热带分布类型各占种子植物总属数的 5 1 7%和 44 9% ,二者在景区内交错分布 ,温带分布式中有相当多木本属分布到亚热带和热带 ,而且 ,景区内无典型的热带种、属 ,都是亚热带种群 ,因此 ,可以推断 ,南江峡谷生态公园的植物区系具过渡性 ,植物区系的地理成分是亚热带性质     

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140?mm?Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90?mm?Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.     

基于饥饿源于菌群的新发现将引发慢病防控突破性进展

 当前持续高发的慢病严重影响社会发展,迫切需要找到有效的解决方案。虽然近年来生命科学和传统医学及当代医学取得了长足进步,但是当前的慢病高发现状反过来提示人们,必须采用全新的、甚至是颠覆性思维模式重新思考慢病的病因学问题,方有可能从根本上解决慢病防控难题。在长期从事生命科学和生物医学研究的基础上,结合自身的测试与体验,陆续形成了饥饿源于菌群及慢病源于菌群的系列新发现,并在此基础上形成了菌心说学说（简称菌心学说）及其相应技术。本文系统阐述菌心学说的观点,以及基于该观点形成的慢病起源的新认识,同时提出有效的慢病防控方案。以往中医主张"天人合一",西医主张"人类基因异常导致慢病",在菌心学说框架下所形成的肠道菌群异常（通过导致人类基因异常）而导致慢病的新医学体系,恰好对应了医学发展过程中的不同阶段和不同版本（中医对应于"医学1.0"版本,西医对应于"医学2.0"版本,新医学对应于"医学3.0"版本）。     

Interaction of C-reactive protein with artificial phosphatidylcholine bilayers.

C-Reactive protein (CRP), the most characteristic of the 'acute phase proteins' (ref. 1) is thought to participate in the mediation and/or modulation of acute inflammatory processes, but its exact function is unknown. CRP has a Ca2+-dependent binding specificity for phosphorylcholine, the polar head group of two widely distributed lipids, lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, PC) and sphingomyelin (SM). A number of observations suggest that at least some of the biological activities of CRP depend on its interaction with phospholipids of cell membranes. In addition, interaction of CRP with PC- and SM-containing lipid dispersions and with PC-containing liposomes can activate the complement system. We report here that binding of CRP to model membranes of PC requires the incorporation into the bilayer of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Thus, a disturbance of the molecular organisation of the bilayer appears to be necessary for binding of CRP. These findings provide a possible biochemical explanation for binding of CRP to damaged but not intact cell membranes and might be relevant to its biological function.     

Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasis

Food intake, energy expenditure and body adiposity are homeostatically regulated. Central and peripheral signals communicate information about the current state of energy balance to key brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem. Hunger and satiety represent coordinated responses to these signals, which include neural and hormonal messages from the gut. In recent years our understanding of how neural and hormonal brain-gut signalling regulates energy homeostasis has advanced considerably. Gut hormones have various physiological functions that include specifically targeting the brain to regulate appetite. New research suggests that gut hormones can be used to specifically regulate energy homeostasis in humans, and offer a target for anti-obesity drugs.     

草湖湿地自然保护区种子植物区系研究

运用线路调查法、典型样方法及数理统计方法,对草湖湿地自然保护区的植物资源进行野外调查和区系地理分析,旨在为保护区建设管理和植物资源保护提供科学有效的本底资料和基础数据支撑.结果表明:保护区共有种子植物62科143属179种;优势科为含5种及以上的科;属的分化较大,以含1种的单种属为主.种子植物的62科以热带成分占优势,可划分10个分布区类型和2个变型,占非世界分布总科数的73.81%;143个属也以热带成分占主导地位,可划分为12个分布区类型和3个变型,占非世界分布总属数的58.47%.总的来说,保护区内科属的地理成分性质以热带成为为主,兼具一定的温带特征,具有明显的过渡性和交汇性.针对保护区现状,建议在现有保护鸟类生境的基础上,对湿地自然保护区的植物生境加以重视,加强对植物物种的就地保护.     

Protection of phosphatidylcholine to photosystem Ⅱ membrane during heat treatment

Photosystem Ⅱ membrane was reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine (PC) with different kinds of fatty acyl chains and the protection of PC to photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ)membrane during heat treatment was investigated using oxygen electrode, variable fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Heat treatment decreased the oxygen evolution rate and the F′v/Fm′ ratio of PS Ⅱ membrane and influenced CD spectra of PS Ⅱ membrane, but PC inhibited the effect of heat treatment on the oxygen evolution rate, the F′v/F′m ratio and CD spectra of PS Ⅱ membrane. The results indicate that PC can protect PS Ⅱ membrane against heat treatment and the alterations in the unsaturated fatty acid extent in PC can cause the changes of the protection ability.     

云南耳叶苔科Frullaniaceae植物区系

根据现有资料 ,云南耳叶苔科Frullaniaceae含有 2属、5 9种、3亚种、8变种和 2变型。其中中国新记录 4种 :波叶耳叶苔 (新拟名 )FrullaniaeymaeHatt.,微齿耳叶苔 (新拟名 )F .rhytidanthaHatt .,凹叶耳叶苔毛萼变种F .retusavar .hirsutaHatt .etThaith .,小褶耳叶苔 (新拟名 )F .appendistipulaHatt.,中国大陆 2个新记录种 :圆叶耳叶苔 (新拟名 )F .inoueiHatt.,缅甸耳叶苔 (新拟名 )F .berthoumieuiSteph .及 13个云南新记录种。 2个新种已另文发表 :高黎贡耳叶苔F .gaoligongensisBaietGao和无脊耳叶苔F .laevi- peri anthaBaietGao。云南耳叶苔科主要区系地理成分有 :热带亚洲成分 18种 ,东亚成分 13种及 2 4个中国特有种 (其中有 6个云南特有种 )。此外还有少量温带亚洲成分、北温带成分、泛热带成分和古热带成分。检视标本保存于昆明植物研究所和沈阳应用生态研究所