AISI304不锈钢在冷加工过程中的微观组织变化

在不同温度下对AISI304不锈钢进行不同方式、不同程度冷加工,用铁素体测量仪测定马氏体相变量,研究了冷加工与马氏体相变的关系;将AISI304不锈钢在低温(液氮,-70#℃)条件下进行不同程度拉伸,采用透射电镜观测位错分布,研究了冷加工与位错密度的关系.结果表明:冷加工在一定条件下可以产生形变诱发马氏体,其含量随冷加工变形量的增大而增加;同时,冷加工导致AISI304不锈钢中金属晶粒拉长,其位错密度随冷加工变形量的增加而增大.     

变形量对(CoNiV)97Al3中熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

高强度和高塑性的中熵合金,相较于传统合金能够满足更多的实际应用。通过在CoNiV合金中掺入微量Al,经过退火处理来提高其力学性能。制备了不同Al含量的铸态(CoNiV)_100-xAl_x（x为1、2、3、4、5,原子分数/%）合金。采用万能试验机、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜,研究了退火温度、Al含量及拉伸变形量对合金力学性能、显微组织的影响。实验结果表明,随着Al含量的增加,合金的伸长率提升到30%以上,维氏硬度从755.8降低到375.6。经过1 000 ℃退火处理后的合金达到更高的强度?塑性平衡,伸长率可达到35%以上,拉伸屈服强度较高（超过950 MPa）。实验选择(CoNiV)₉₇Al₃（Al3）中熵合金作为研究对象,将系统分析拉伸变形量（50%、100%）对Al3合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。Al3合金在拉伸变形过程中,位错滑移主导变形,孪晶增加位错存储量,促进位错滑移堆积,该合金变形?断裂过程的主要为位错与孪晶的协同作用。     

快中子增殖反应堆燃料元件包壳材料的晶界工程技术应用展望

针对钠冷快中子增殖反应堆(简称快堆) 燃料元件包壳材料316 以及15-15Ti 奥氏体不锈钢, 讨论了通过晶界工程(grain boundary engineering, GBE) 技术进一步提高材料抗辐照肿胀以及抗蠕变性能的可行性. 通过GBE 技术能够大幅增加材料中与孪晶相关的低 重合位置点阵(coincidence site lattice, CSL) 晶界比例. 快堆燃料元件包壳在固溶退火处理后还要经过20% 左右的冷加工变形, 目的是在显微组织中引入大量位错, 吸收由辐照产生的点缺陷, 并增加吸收裂变产物的陷阱. 如果在这样的冷加工变形前大幅提高材料的低∑CSL 晶界比例, 使冷加工变形时的位错滑移在具有特殊取向关系的晶粒间的传播以及位错在特殊结构晶界处的堆积排列发生变化, 那么就有可能使冷加工后位错的分布状态有利于吸收更多的由辐照产生的点缺陷, 提高材料抗辐照肿胀的能力.     

预变形量对Fe-19Mn和Fe-19Mn-1.5Si合金阻尼性能的影响

采用倒扭摆法评价了Fe 19Mn合金和Fe 19Mn 1.5Si合金在不同预变形量下的阻尼性能,并通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了合金的微观组织形貌和层错几率.结果表明：预变形量小于4%时,由于Fe 19Mn和Fe 19Mn 1.5Si合金的层错数量增加而使其阻尼性能提高;预变形量在4%~10%时,Fe 19Mn合金的层错数量不断增加,但由于马氏体和层错的相互交割严重、层错和马氏体变得短小以及Shockley不全位错的脱钉运动困难,致使其阻尼性能反而下降;而由于Fe 19Mn 1.5Si中Si具有固溶强化和降低层错能的作用,合金本身的马氏体和层错较小,预变形量对其影响不大,即变形不改变Shockley不全位错的脱钉难度,故其阻尼性能继续保持稳定增长.     

低钴陶瓷封接合金的形变再结晶

本文较详细地研究了Fe—Ni—Co—Cu系低钴瓷封合金(又称低钴可伐)的形变再结晶特性。测定了该合金的再结晶全图、冷加工变形度和再结晶退火温度对该合金深冲性能的影响;测定了形变和再结晶织构及冷加工变形度对其影响,确定了织构类型与制耳的几何关系。找出了该合金的冷加工及热处理工艺条件为:最大冷变形度必须<70%,合理的热处理温度为800—900℃。这样,其晶粒度可小于6级。     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金性能的影响

研究了连续定向凝固Cu-Ag合金铸态试样及其经过大变形冷加工后线材的微观组织和性能,分析了热处理和冷变形对连续定向凝固合金的强度和电导率的影响.经过大变形冷加工后,Cu-Ag合金具有致密的纤维组织结构,强度进一步增加,电导率略有下降.在低温热处理后,Cu-Ag合金强度增加,电导率得到恢复.高温热处理时,Cu-Ag合金强度和电导率都下降.     

最终形变热处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用硬度与电导率测试、力学拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀试验以及金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试分析方法,研究了预变形量对Al-Zn-MgCu铝合金组织与性能的影响.研究表明:在相同预时效和再时效热处理条件下,随着预变形程度增大,合金强度先增加后减小,预变形量为5.8%时,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度出现峰值,分别为577.8 MPa和549.8 MPa,较未预变形时分别提高了25.7%和20.8%;随着预变形量增大,合金抗腐蚀性能提高.与未变形相比,预变形产生大量位错促使合金再时效热处理后晶内沉淀相尺寸逐渐增大,晶界析出相由连续链状分布变为粗大断续分布,晶间无析出带宽度明显增大.     

Ti-15-3合金高温变形机制分析

对Ti-15-3合金进行了等温压缩物理模拟试验,计算不同变形条件下的激活能数值,探讨此合金高温变形的主要机制。结果表明,在实验范围内,变形是一个热激活过程,其中变形速率对激活能的影响不大,而随温度和变形量的升高,激活能呈下降趋势。变形合金的透射电镜照片表明位错的攀移和交滑移为合金变形的主要机制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with