特长公路隧道取消变形缝试验研究

结合包家山隧道的施工情况，利用数值模拟和现场试验两种方法，对设置变形缝和不设置变形缝两种工况下衬砌结构的受力、变形及安全性进行了对比分析。研究认为：a. 无论设置变形缝与否，隧道纵向的安全性要求均能满足。b. 对于隧道结构的横向安全性，不设置变形缝时，Ⅴ级围岩端的安全系数增加，Ⅳ级围岩端的安全系数减小，此时需要进行配筋；设置变形缝时，Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级围岩处的拱顶安全系数均较小，不能满足安全要求，此时需要进行配筋。     

近水平沉积岩层公路隧道围岩变形特征研究

根据广元至巴中高速公路某隧道左线近水平沉积岩层周边收敛和拱顶下沉的观测数据,按照围岩级别和达到收敛位移总变形80%和90%的时间,通过对Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩段典型监测断面初期变形数据的数理统计和分析,得出了该隧道近水平沉积岩层围岩的变形特征和回归方程,并据此算出了与现场吻合程度较好的该隧道近水平沉积岩岩层隧道Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩总收敛的均值及满足二次衬砌要求的时间均值.最后介绍了位移加速度判据在评价该类隧道围岩稳定性和确定隧道二次衬砌施工时间的应用.     

黏弹性条件下大跨度公路黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机

为研究大跨度公路黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机,以神府(神木—府谷)高速公路墩梁隧道为依托,采用现场测试、数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,首先对隧道拱顶变形进行现场测试,揭示其变形规律,提出了基于隧道二次衬砌安全临界状态的最佳施作时机计算方法;其次根据黏弹性条件下隧道围岩变形理论公式,结合现场监测数据反演分析得到围岩Kelvin模型流变参数;最后利用提出的最佳施作时机计算方法和Kelvin流变模型,通过数值模拟研究了黏弹性条件下大跨度黄土隧道二次衬砌最佳施作时机。结果表明:大跨度公路黄土隧道变形经历急剧变形、持续变形和缓慢变形3个阶段,各阶段产生的沉降值分别为最大沉降值的67.7%,21.7%和10.6%;Kelvin模型中蠕变参数黏性元件黏滞系数η为2.75×10~(14) kPa·s,与黏性元件串联的弹簧元件弹性模量E_1为138.3 MPa,与黏性元件并联的弹簧元件弹性模量E_2为321.5 MPa;大跨度公路黄土隧道Ⅴ级围岩深埋段二次衬砌最佳支护时机为初期拱顶下沉速率小于0.3 mm/d。     

道吾山三车道特长公路隧道洞口浅埋段施工方法

在建的道吾山隧道为单洞三车道特长一级公路隧道,洞口Ⅴ级围岩浅埋段开挖跨径16.85 m,开挖面积163.55 m~2,原设计采用双侧壁导坑法施工,变更后采用三台阶七部法施工。通过三维数值模拟分析,以及施工过程中对隧道拱顶下沉、净空收敛,初期支护结构受力状况进行分析,判断围岩稳定性、初期支护结构安全。数值计算结果表明:三台阶七部法施工运用在三车道隧道Ⅴ级洞口浅埋段是安全的。研究结果可为类似工程设计和施工提供依据和参考。     

空洞对隧道结构的影响计算

通过进行隧道数值模拟计算,了解模注混凝土衬砌中空洞对结构的影响。通过对山东博山～莱芜隧道Ⅴ级围岩深埋情况隧道整体结构随空洞大小变化的研究,了解空洞对隧道整体结构中拱顶的危害最大,得出定性的结论,指导隧道后期运营。     

隧道支护结构蠕变特性试验和非线性蠕变模拟

采用MTS815液压伺服系统对深埋隧道支护结构混凝土试件进行了三轴蠕变试验,分析了支护结构的蠕变特性,依据蠕变曲线特征求出了非线性蠕变参数。建立了考虑深埋隧道施工过程、围岩和支护结构蠕变特性的有限元数值分析模型,分析了围岩和支护结构的蠕变特性,得到了隧道初期支护和二次衬砌的位移特征及其不同位置处的有效应力和最大剪应力特征。隧道支护结构的位移、应力随时间的变化特征与不考虑蠕变效应有较明显的不同,计算位移与实际监测结果基本一致。对于深埋隧道,应该考虑围岩和支护结构的蠕变特性。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟公路山岭隧道IV级围岩段仰拱优化分析

为探究公路隧道设计中,仰拱的优化对于改善隧道的受力和变形条件的影响。以三车道Ⅳ2级围岩段隧道为研究对象,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,采用Hoek-Brown屈服准则,对替代仰拱的新型支护方案进行了分析,并结合赤承高速公路的典型隧道断面,现场监测了锚杆轴力、初衬压力以及二衬与初衬的接触压力等项目。本文通过对现场监测数据与数值模拟进行分析,提出Ⅳ2级围岩下替代仰拱的条件,底部加基础梁的新型支护体系下隧道整体稳定性满足要求,研究成果可以为其它类似工程提供借鉴与指导。     

基于现场监测与数值模拟公路山岭隧道Ⅳ级围岩段仰拱优化分析

探究公路隧道设计中,仰拱的优化对于改善隧道的受力和变形条件的影响。以三车道Ⅳ2级围岩段隧道为研究对象,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,采用Hoek-Brown屈服准则,对替代仰拱的新型支护方案进行了分析,并结合赤承高速公路的典型隧道断面,现场监测了锚杆轴力、初衬压力以及二衬与初衬的接触压力等项目。通过对现场监测数据与数值模拟进行分析,提出Ⅳ_2级围岩下替代仰拱的条件,底部加基础梁的新型支护体系下隧道整体稳定性满足要求,研究成果可以为其他类似工程提供借鉴与指导。     

炭质板岩地层公路隧道结构受力特征及优化

在炭质板岩地层中进行隧道施工会面临软弱围岩大变形、掌子面易失稳等问题,合理的支护结构体系是隧道施工安全和经济的保障。为此,本文依托峨汉高速豹狸岗隧道工程,通过对Ⅳ级围岩段隧道施工过程中围岩压力、围岩-结构间接触压力、支护结构内力等进行监测分析,获得Ⅳ级围岩形变荷载分布规律及结构受力特征,研究表明:初期支护和二次衬砌的安全度较高,但支护材料强度没有得到充分发挥。因此基于支护结构受力有限元分析,对二次衬砌的支护参数进行优化,提出的支护优化方案整体可行,可为类似的工程提供一定的参考价值。     

特大断面砂质板岩隧道Ⅴ级围岩变形时空效应

为探明特大断面砂质板岩隧道Ⅴ级围岩时空效应规律,进而为类似隧道工程提供系统性借鉴,通过现场监控量测及大数据回归分析方法研究特大断面砂质板岩隧道Ⅴ级围岩变形时空效应。结果表明:隧道开挖,施做初期支护后,拱顶沉降及洞室围岩水平收敛过程分为3个阶段,分别为急剧变形阶段、缓慢变形阶段、稳定阶段;隧道开挖,施做初期支护25 d后,是施做二次衬砌最佳时机;隧道结构体系与掌子面空间距离约3倍洞径时,是施做二次衬砌最佳时机,且Ⅴ级围岩二衬距离掌子面距离不应大于50 m。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that