复合材料层合板损伤的延迟累加成像算法

由于复合材料结构的各向异性,导致难以准确获得导波的波速和传播时间。因此在使用传统的延迟累加成像算法对复合材料结构进行损伤识别过程中,会造成损伤定位精度的降低。考虑到复合材料的各向异性导致导波在各个方向的波速并不相同,提出了一种改进的延迟累加损伤成像算法。该方法通过利用激励器与成像点以及成像点与传感器之间的方向角,在成像过程中选取了不同的方向波速进行损伤识别。通过一复合材料层合板冲击损伤的监测实验,将所提算法与采用不同方向波速的传统延迟累加成像算法进行对比,对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明:相比于采用单一速度的延迟累加成像算法,该方法的损伤监测误差控制在4%以内。     

基于Lamb波混合成像算法的薄板结构损伤定位

针对传统椭圆法和双曲线法对结构损伤定位不精确的问题,提出了一种基于Lamb波的混合成像算法。该算法将椭圆法和双曲线法相结合,在使用相同数量传感器的条件下提高对信号数据的利用率,从而提高损伤定位的精度。通过有限元仿真对该算法进行验证,即建立一个无损伤模型和多个有损伤模型,模拟压电传感器以双面同相的激励方式获得单一模态的Lamb波,从而获得损伤的反射信号。用混合成像算法和传统椭圆法对仿真模型分别进行损伤定位。成像结果对比表明,混合成像算法对损伤的定位更精确,而且在结构有多处缺陷的情况下能检测到传统椭圆法无法识别出的损伤。     

基于波包分解的主动Lamb波结构损伤监测方法

主动Lamb波结构健康监测研究中,监测信号的质量易受到环境参数变化以及人为操作误差的影响。在分析Lamb波传播特性以及主动Lamb波结构损伤监测技术原理基础上,研究采用波包分解方法获取Lamb波损伤散射信号。通过相关运算,从损伤结构响应信号中分离出健康响应信号部分,实现损伤散射信号的获取。给出了方法的基本原理和实现过程。结合时间反转损伤成像监测方法,在真实环氧玻璃纤维复合材料板结构上进行了实验验证,并与传统损伤散射信号获取方法进行了对比。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好的消除环境参数变化等误差对监测信号带来的影响,具有较好的实用性。     

基于IPSO—BP神经网络的结构损伤识别

为了准确评估结构健康状况．将改进的粒子群算法与BP算法有机结合来训练人工神经网络,并用于结构损伤识别．以国际结构控制协会与美国土木工程学会（IASC-ASCE）提出的健康监测第二阶段Benchmark模型结构为例．对4种不同损伤模式进行了损伤定位．研究结果表明,在模型误差、测量噪声等因素的影响下,该方法能够取得令人满意的损伤识别结果．     

碳纤维层合板Lamb波损伤检测的加权块稀疏成像法

针对Lamb波稀疏阵列损伤成像方法中存在的成像分辨率低、伪点干扰大的问题,基于损伤在被测结构中的稀疏先验,提出了一种加权块稀疏重构的Lamb波损伤成像方法。首先通过Lamb波在薄板类结构中的线性传播模型,结合稀疏传感器阵列信息,构造过完备Lamb波散射的块稀疏字典;其次将测量得到的Lamb波散射信号在所构建的过完备字典下进行稀疏表示,将Lamb波损伤成像问题转化为加权l_1范数最小化的凸优化问题;最后通过谱梯度投影法,求解所建立的加权块稀疏凸优化模型,得到损伤散射信号在该字典下的稀疏表示系数并以此作为损伤指标,实现对被测结构的损伤成像。碳纤维层合板上的模拟损伤成像结果表明:所提方法在单损伤成像中的定位误差为3.16 mm,在双损伤成像中的最大定位误差为4.24 mm。实验验证了所提方法的有效性,与传统延迟叠加成像法的对比表明,所得损伤成像结果具有更高的分辨率,更小的伪点干扰,但同时也需要更大的计算量。     

利用粒子群算法的传感器优化布置及结构损伤识别研究

为了合理布置结构健康监测系统中传感器的位置及满足结构损伤识别的要求,提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法的传感器优化布置方法。首先以模态保证准则(MAC)矩阵的最大非对角元极小化为目标,构造出满足优化条件的适应度函数,并采用改进的粒子群算法搜索出传感器的最佳布设位置;其次,利用振型扩充技术把有限测点的测量模态数据扩充为完整自由度模态数据,并利用所提损伤识别方法进行结构损伤识别;最后,通过一个二维平面桁架结构算例对所提方法进行有效性验证。数值结果表明,所提传感器布设方法能够高效地搜索出给定数目的传感器优化位置,且利用其优化结果能够准确地识别出结构的损伤位置和程度。     

Lamb波时间反转椭圆定位和层析成像混合技术研究

采用椭圆定位技术和层析成像技术相结合的无损检测方法,并将其运用于板状材料的Lamb波损伤检测和成像中.与传统的单一层析成像技术相比,将椭圆定位技术和层析成像技术相结合,只需在椭圆定位技术确定的范围内选择有效的激励-传感路径进行层析成像,从而排除了多余的检测路径,可以减少数据计算和处理的数量,提高数据利用率和检测效率.此外,由于事先用椭圆定位技术确定了损伤的范围,避免了额外激励-传感路径交叉点处损伤概率值较大的情况,这有效地减少了损伤检测误判情况的发生.通过Abaqus有限元软件的仿真,选择合适的Lamb波激发频率和激发方式,然后布置恰当的传感器网络,结合椭圆定位技术和层析成像技术的概率损伤检测重构算法对损伤进行成像,这有效地提高了损伤的检测效率和成像质量,检测路径和成像计算时间节省率分别在47.6%和47.5%以上.     

基于合成孔径聚焦的超声SH导波成像检测

超声水平剪切(shear horizontal,SH)导波成像检测旨在解决平板检测中检测距离增加时分辨力降低的问题。该文运用合成孔径聚焦原理,构建了16通道超声SH导波成像检测实验系统,通过分析阵列信号时频域特征揭示了声波与缺陷间相互作用的规律,对SH导波合成孔径聚焦成像算法进行了讨论,阐明了导波阵列信号时空域信息合成在聚焦成像中的应用。研究结果表明:合成孔径聚焦可用于超声SH导波成像检测,所成图像能够表征钢板中检测距离2 m以上、尺寸当量大于5 mm的缺陷信息,为深入开展工业在役大尺度结构板材的缺陷成像检测和结构健康监测提供了基础。     

基于影像及小波变换的桥梁损伤识别

桥梁损伤定位和定量分析是桥梁健康监测的难点,为提高桥梁结构损伤位置识别的精度及准确性,利用位移模态对结构局部损伤的敏感特性,提出基于影像和小波变换的桥梁损伤识别新方法,通过工业相机获取悬臂梁振动形态,利用模版匹配方法提取结构动态位移响应及模态参数,对位移模态进行小波变换,建立小波系数平方差的损伤指标识别结构损伤位置。通过室内悬臂竖梁振动实验,对全域测点的振动衰减信号快速傅里叶变换成功获取了结构的模态振型,与数值模拟结果比较表明试验获得一阶固有频率最大误差为2.202%,二阶固有频率最大误差为3.182%,表明所提方法用于结构位移测量的可行性以及测量精度的可靠性;在此基础上利用小波系数平方差的明显突峰特性可准确识别结构单损伤、多损伤的存在,并能准确定位损伤位置。研究表明,所提方法可以准确识别不同位置、不同程度的单损伤和多损伤,具有远距离、非接触、高精度、高效快捷、可多点监测提升振型空间分辨率等优点,为桥梁结构全域损伤识别提供了一种新方法。     

层状管道结构损伤识别的数值模拟和试验验证

目的根据超声导波在无损和损伤层状管道结构传播特性和损伤指数,建立一种层状管道结构损伤识别算法,并提出损伤指数与破坏等级的关系,实现层状管道结构损伤识别.方法利用有限元方法建立不同损伤程度层状管道结构模型,分析超声导波传播特性差异,计算损伤指数,并进行试验验证.结果根据结构损伤指数与损伤程度的关系,将层状管道结构分为5个破坏等级,明确提出结构从完好到破坏的程度,当损伤指数大于0.3时,建议更换层状管道结构.结论结构的损伤指数与损伤程度密切相关,所提出的损伤识别算法是有效的,所建议更换层状管道结构的损伤指数范围具有可行性,有利于工程应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-