一种改进的自适应USQUE组合导航姿态估计方法

针对传统四元数无味卡尔曼滤波(unscented quaternion Kalman filter,USQUE)算法的量测噪声统计未知及时变引起滤波发散精度降低等问题,提出一种变分贝叶斯自适应四元数无味卡尔曼滤波算法(variational Bayesian-based adaptive USQUE,VB-AUSQUE).通过变分贝叶斯高斯迭代近似估计,获取近似的量测噪声协方差矩阵滤波先验条件.仿真和舰载测试表明:在捷联式惯性导航系统/全球定位系统(strapdown inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system,SINS/GNSS)组合导航系统中,VB-AUSQUE算法能有效减少系统量测噪声未知及时变问题对姿态估计精度的影响,相比常规算法具有更高的精度.     

基于 VB-UKF 的 SINS/ GPS 自适应融合技术

针对SINS／GPS组合导航中量测噪声统计特性不准确引起卡尔曼滤波精度下降的问题,提出基于变分贝叶斯自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波（VB-UKF）的非线性融合方法．分析了线性的变分贝叶斯自适应卡尔曼滤波（VB-KF）算法的原理与性能,针对其仅适用于线性系统的问题,将VB-KF与UKF结合导出了非线性的VB-UKF算法．该算法可对系统状态和时变的量测噪声方差进行同步非线性估计,且与传统的UKF算法具有统一的形式．导航仿真结果表明：VB-UKF对于突变或慢变的量测噪声方差均能实时跟踪,较常规UKF算法可有效降低噪声统计特性不准确给系统造成的不利影响,提高定位精度．     

一种SINS/GPS紧组合导航系统的改进自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法

针对自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法中系统噪声协方差矩阵与量测噪声协方差矩阵不能同时被估计的问题,提出了一种改进的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法基于残差,主要对滤波算法中的自适应估计器进行改进,改进后可以实时估计系统噪声.基于该算法,设计了新的滤波器并应用在SINS/GPS紧组合导航系统上,可随着系统中噪声的变化而自动地调节协方差矩阵.最后,分别用扩展卡尔曼滤波和改进的自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波对SINS/GPS紧组合模型进行仿真,结果表明改进的自适应的扩展卡尔曼滤波比扩展卡尔曼滤波的定位误差与测速误差更小,滤波的稳定性更好.      

不确定重尾量测噪声干扰下的鲁棒目标跟踪算法

在大多数目标跟踪方法中,通常假设量测噪声服从参数已知的高斯分布或对称重尾分布,但其非常受限并且在实际过程中常常无法得到满足。因此,针对存在不确定重尾量测噪声干扰下的目标跟踪问题,提出基于变分推理的鲁棒容积卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法利用Skew-T分布对不确定重尾量测噪声进行建模,在基于容积规则的数值积分过程中,结合变分推理将Skew-T分布量测噪声参数与系统状态变量进行联合递归计算,通过对近似后验概率密度函数进行变分迭代,获得系统模型和不对称重尾量测噪声参数。仿真结果表明,该算法相比变分贝叶斯扩展卡尔曼滤波算法具有较高的滤波精度。     

基于PF-UKF组合滤波的SINS/GPS组合导航系统空中对准方法

针对捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)/全球定位系统(GPS)组合导航系统模型的误差以及粒子滤波(PF)存在的粒子退化问题,结合无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法,提出一种基于PF-UKF组合滤波的SINS/GPS组合导航系统空中对准方法.由误差四元数代替姿态角,以SINS和GPS的位置差和速度差作为观测量,建立新的组合导航系统误差方程.所提出的PF-UKF组合滤波算法将采样粒子分为随机粒子和确定粒子,其中随机粒子为概率密度函数所采集,确定粒子为UKF中采集Sigma点后所求取的系统状态值.由此降低了PF处理粒子时的复杂程度以及粒子退化的程度.仿真结果表明：相比于UKF算法,该方法有效提高了组合导航系统的精度,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

改进新息自适应交互多模的GPS/SINS组合导航滤波算法

针对量测噪声统计特性未知会影响GPS/SINS组合导航滤波精度的问题,提出了一种改进新息自适应的交互多模滤波算法:在估计新息协方差矩阵时,将在不同长度估计窗下得到的估计值进行加权组合,优化了估计窗口的选取;然后估计系统的量测噪声阵,并以该估计值为中心对称地构建交互多模模型集,再进行交互多模滤波,该方法解决了传统交互多模算法在噪声统计特性未知情况下模型数量与计算速度之间的矛盾。仿真结果表明:相比于标准卡尔曼滤波和单一估计窗口新息自适应交互多模滤波,该方法具有更高的滤波精度和抗干扰性。     

集中式GNSS/INS深组合模型及算法研究

研究了集中式深组合量测模型;并在此基础上研究了深组合滤波算法。由于集中式深组合系统具有强非线性、状态向量维数高、计算量大等特点,将一种降维容积卡尔曼滤波算法(reduced-dimension cubature kalman filter,RCKF)应用于集中式深组合滤波中。相较于常规容积卡尔曼滤波算法(cubature kalman filter,CKF),该算法仅对状态向量中与量测矩阵非线性有关向量采样,减少采样向量维数从而降低滤波计算量。通过仿真实验证明该算法在不损失精度的情况下,可大大减少组合滤波计算量。     

基于改进CKF算法的一类有色噪声污染的线性观测系统的状态估计

针对系统受有色噪声污染时容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法滤波精度下降甚至发散的问题,提出了基于量测信息增广的改进CKF算法。改进算法采用量测信息增广方式,将有色噪声白噪声化,再将白化后的噪声和系统噪声去相关化,从而解决了一类有色噪声污染的线性观测系统的状态估计问题。将本文算法应用于生物地球化学仿真模型,对生物圈植被碳含量进行动态估计,仿真结果表明,改进算法具有较高的精度和鲁棒性。     

基于变分贝叶斯Cubature KF的SINS海上对准方法

针对SINS海上对准中速度等量测值的先验统计特性未知导致Cubature滤波(Cubature KF)的失准角估计值出现严重振荡的问题,提出变分贝叶斯Cubature滤波.该滤波方法通过近似计算状态变量和量测噪声方差的联合条件后验概率密度,在估计状态变量的同时,实时调整变分贝叶斯参数,估计和修正时变的量测噪声方差,减弱量测噪声方差统计特性对状态变量估计值的影响.半实物仿真结果表明,该方法能够减小Cubature KF海上对准失准角估计值的振荡性,提高海上对准的精度.     

景象匹配辅助的GPS/SINS组合导航算法

为提高导航系统的精度和可靠性,在全球定位系统(GPS)、捷联惯导系统(SINS)和景象匹配传感器(SM)的观测信息是以不同采样率给出时,基于Kalman滤波技术,建立系统模型,利用分布式有反馈数据融合结构,提出一种有效的景象匹配辅助GPS/SINS 组合导航算法,即GPS/SINS/SM组合导航算法.理论分析和仿真结果均表明: 在导航定位和对状态的估计精度和可靠性方面, GPS/SINS/SM组合导航的结果均优于GPS/SINS或GPS/SM组合导航的结果,它们又优于单个系统Kalman滤波的结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with