生物质合成气制甲醇的研究

以玉米秸秆合成气为原料,在等温积分反应器中,使用国产C301铜基催化剂(粒度为0.991 mm×0.833 mm),在5 MPa压力下,进行甲醇合成优化实验研究.结果表明:合成甲醇的最适宜流量为0.6～0.9 mol/h,最佳温度为230～250℃,每千克催化剂的最大甲醇时空收率为0.541 7 kg/h.     

甲醇重整微槽道反应器的性能

为了解决燃料电池系统的稳定氢源问题,研制了一种新型的甲醇重整微槽道反应器加工工艺方法。通过电火花加工技术在合金片上加工出平行的槽道,然后通过扩散焊将十多层的合金片焊接在一起,再通过溶胶-凝胶方法将催化剂涂层负载到微槽道反应器的内壁上。微槽道反应器的整体尺寸为40 mm×40 mm×8 mm。考察了催化剂涂层的配比、反应温度、水醇比、进料速度、反应时间对甲醇重整微槽道反应器性能的影响。结果表明:当反应温度、进料速度、水醇摩尔比分别为282°C、6 cm3/h、1.3时,该微槽道反应器的氢气产率可满足11W燃料电池的需要。     

芴甲醇合成方法的改进

改变了芴甲醇合成反应的催化剂和溶剂,反应的催化剂由NaH改为乙醇钠,溶剂由乙醚变为甲酸乙酯.结果表明:当芴为4.0 g,催化剂乙醇钠为1.1 g,甲酸乙酯为66 mL,反应时间为4.0 h;甲醛为2.0 mL,10%NaOH溶液为8.0 mL,反应时间为2.0 h,芴甲醇收率为75.0%.     

锌盐催化尿素和甲醇合成碳酸二甲酯

以尿素和甲醇为原料,各种锌盐为催化剂,在反应釜中合成了碳酸二甲酯（DMC）.实验结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,ZnCl2具有最佳的催化性能.进一步研究表明,该路线为两步反应,首先由尿素和甲醇反应生成中间物氨基甲酸甲酯（MC）,第二步MC继续和甲醇反应生成DMC,其中第二步反应为速控步骤.并且以该催化剂为模板催化剂,考察了反应条件如：反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对DMC收率的影响.结果表明,当反应温度为180℃,反应时间为8h,催化剂用量为1.0g时,DMC收率可以达到28.9％.     

在涂层催化剂上甲烷蒸汽重整的本征动力学研究

采用冷喷涂技术在不锈钢薄板上制备了涂层催化剂,研究了在涂层催化剂上甲烷蒸汽重整的本征动力学.涂层催化剂为Ni/γ-Al2O3,在消除内外扩散影响的条件下,在859.7～1 018.7 K范围内进行甲烷水蒸气重整的实验,并利用最小二乘法,由实验数据确定双速率动力学模型参数.一氧化碳生成速率指前因子为1.08×108 mol/(h·g·kPa0.89),活化能为178.98 kJ/mol;二氧化碳生成速率指前因子为1.73×104mol/(h·g·kPa2.06),活化能为139.00kJ/mol.F统计检验的结果表明,所得本征动力学模型的复相关指数大于0.9,且F统计量大于置信域为99%的临界F统计量的10倍以上,适用于涂层催化剂.     

葡萄糖炭基固体酸催化制备生物柴油

以葡萄糖为原料,在200℃下炭化2h,130℃磺化2h,制得葡萄糖炭基固体酸催化剂。用此催化剂催化油酸与甲醇的酯化反应,考察酯化反应条件对油酸转化率的影响,结果表明：当醇油物质的量比为10：1、剂油比（催化剂与油酸的质量比）为0.07时,在70℃下反应7h,油酸转化率最高,达到95.79%。     

含氮配体对气相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯的影响

研究不同含氮配体对气相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯负载铜催化剂性能的影响,筛选出催化性能好、稳定性高的含氮配体.实验结果表明,吡啶的催化剂效果最好.从30 h稳定性实验结果看:甲醇的转化率为28.3%、DMC选择性97.3%、时空收率为165.3 g/(kg·h);催化剂反应10 h达到活性最高,较以前8 h有明显改善;催化剂活性开始下降的时间也由15 h延长到18 h.     

炭气凝胶前处理对其负载PtRu催化性能影响

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,碳酸钠为催化剂制备了炭气凝胶,考察了浓硝酸处理时间对炭气凝胶结构及其负载PtRu催化剂甲醇电氧化催化性能的影响.结果表明经硝酸氧化处理后炭气凝胶表面含氧量增大、催化剂结晶状态良好、金属颗粒分散均匀;以浓硝酸氧化处理2 h的炭气凝胶为载体制备的PtRu/CAs具有最佳的甲醇氧化催化活性.     

三相床中含氮合成气一步法合成二甲醚的工艺条件

研究了在充有惰性液体介质的机械搅拌三相床反应器中含氮合成气一步法合成二甲醚的工艺条件,催化剂是由甲醇合成催化剂与甲醇脱水催化剂均匀混合组成的双功能催化剂,粒度为0.15～0.18mm。在温度220～260°C、压力3～7MPa、空速800～2000mL/(g·h)条件下考察了温度、压力、空速及搅拌转速对CO转化率及二甲醚选择性的影响,结果表明240～260°C、7MPa及1000mL/(g·h)是合成二甲醚较佳的反应条件。实验还考察了催化剂含量及气体组成对反应的影响,结果表明H2/CO高时CO转化率较高。     

路易斯酸催化合成香料醋酸苯甲酯

研究以路易斯酸氯化锌为催化剂,乙酸和苄醇为原料合成醋酸苯甲酯的工艺条件。结果表明,反应的最佳条件是:冰醋酸¨苯甲醇=1.0¨2.0,带水剂10ml,催化剂1.5g,回流反应时间2.5h。在此条件下,酯收率达到93.2%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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