碳酸钠制备单晶硅绒面的研究

为了提高单晶硅太阳电池的光电转换效率,采用了一种新型无毒碳酸钠强碱盐溶液对单晶硅表面进行腐蚀,制备类似金字塔绒面,降低硅片表面的反射率增加光谱吸收,研究溶液的质量分数、制绒时间,以及碳酸氢钠的质量分数对制绒效果的影响.研究结果表明:质量分数为13.0%的Na2CO3溶液在95℃下23 min时制备的绒面反射率最低.向Na2CO3溶液中添加Na HCO3制备出的绒面反射率更低,在400~800 nm光谱范围平均反射率可达11.150%,而且绒面上的金字塔体积更小,分布更均匀.比较传统的碱与醇的混合液,碳酸钠溶液制绒过程中无需添加异丙醇(IPA),无毒无污染,成本更低廉.     

一种新型低成本的单晶硅表面织构化方法的研究

为了增加单晶硅太阳电池的光谱吸收,提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率,用一种新型的腐蚀剂磷酸钠对单晶硅表面进行织构化研究,分析腐蚀液的浓度、反应时间、反应温度对制备单晶硅太阳能电池绒面的影响,并研究添加剂异丙醇(IPA)对磷酸钠(Na3PO4·12H2O)制绒效果的影响.当磷酸钠的浓度为13%wt,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为25min时能制备出金字塔大小均匀、覆盖致密的绒面,并在400-800nm光谱范围内获得最低反射率12.41%.适量的添加IPA有助于制绒效果的改善,可以使反射率更低.此制绒方法重复性好、价格低廉,是一种很有前景的制绒方法,可以进行大面积生产.     

异丙醇溶液对单晶硅太阳能电池表面织构化的影响

对晶向为(100)的p型单晶硅片进行表面刻蚀,制作减反射绒面.在质量分数为3%的氢氧化钠溶液中分别加入不同质量分数的异丙醇溶液,在温度为80℃、时间为40 min的条件下对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为8%的异丙醇溶液刻蚀的硅片表面形貌最好,在波长为700～900nm范围内能够获得较低的反射率,最佳反射率为10.42%.保持实验条件不变,在氢氧化钠-异丙醇混合液中分别加入不同质量分数的碳酸钠溶液,对单晶硅片进行刻蚀.实验结果显示,加入质量分数为0.5%的碳酸钠溶液对制作绒面的反射率影响不大,加入质量分数为0.3%的碳酸钠溶液使制作绒面的反射率大大提高,不利于制作绒面的形成.     

KOH溶液制作类圆形硅膜阵列研究

由于单晶硅在碱性腐蚀液中的腐蚀速率呈各向异性,在圆形掩膜下很难实现圆形单晶硅膜的制作.利用添加剂异丙醇(IPA)来改善KOH的腐蚀特性,在KOH与IPA混合腐蚀液体系中制备出类圆形硅膜阵列.通过扫描电镜观察腐蚀图形形貌,结果表明带有图案的N型衬底在质量分数为40%的KOH和IPA构成的混合溶液中,腐蚀出底面平整侧壁光滑的圆形硅膜阵列,并且初步探讨导电类型对腐蚀形貌影响机制.     

染色腐蚀法制备多晶硅的绒面

为了降低光的反射,应用染色腐蚀法制备多晶硅的绒面.对多晶硅的绒面进行了反射率和SEM形貌测量.在适当的腐蚀液中制备的3×3 cm2的多晶硅,其表面反射率在300～1 000nm波长范围为5.7%.这一结果可以和具有双层减反射膜的碱制备的多晶硅表面的反射率相比拟.     

制绒参数对单晶硅太阳电池制绒效果的影响

本文以金相显微镜（放大倍数分别为800X,400X）为观测手段,研究了NaOH溶液浓度、反应时间、温度和IPA浓度等参数对单晶硅制绒效果的影响,通过金相显微镜显微图像的对比分析发现：当NaOH溶液浓度大于2％条件时,温度小于75℃时,单晶硅表面的绒面效果较差．当制绒液中NaOH和IPA的浓度分别为1．57％和5％,且制绒时间和制绒温度分别为25min和80℃时,制备的绒面结构均匀,金字塔的覆盖率约为100％,即可实现最优的制绒效果．     

太阳能电池单晶硅表面织构化正交试验

在单晶硅太阳能电池的制备过程中,经常利用碱溶液对电池表面进行“织构”,以形成陷光,增强对光的吸收.在NaOH溶液中制备硅片时,由于各个晶面的腐蚀速率不同,在硅片表面会形成类“金字塔”形绒面.碱溶液浓度、添加剂用量、反应温度以及时间等都会影响到绒面的形成.文中通过正交试验方法,分析了各个因素对绒面形成的影响,得出了最佳的试验条件为:碱溶液浓度为2.5%;反应温度为95℃;添加剂用量为5%;腐蚀时间为30m in.     

增强广谱吸收硅表面

为增强黑硅的广谱吸收性能,在氢氧化钠/异丙醇(NaOH/IPA)体系下对单晶硅进行金字塔表面织构的基础上,采用金纳米粒子辅助湿法化学方法做了进一步刻蚀.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外—可见—近红外分光光度计对表面形貌和反射光谱进行了表征与测量.结果表明:增强广谱吸收硅表面具有纳米/微米双尺寸陷光结构,在350~2 500nm波段平均反射率低于5.5%.     

氧化石墨烯在水合肼中对单晶硅织构化的影响

单晶硅太阳能电池的表面反射率是影响其光电转换效率的重要因素之一,表面织构化对降低表面反射率有着重要作用。采用水合肼对单晶硅进行刻蚀,并采用不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯作为碳催化剂对水合肼腐蚀体系进行催化,采用失重法、XRD、SEM和FTIR测试手段对反应产物进行表征。结果表明:氧化石墨烯的加入对水合肼体系起到了促进催化的效果,质量浓度为1 mg/m L的氧化石墨烯促进效果最好,单晶硅表面金字塔形貌最佳;不同还原态的氧化石墨烯促进效果不同,还原时间最短时表面金字塔形貌最佳;随着还原程度的增加,促进作用越来越小,当还原时间为7 h时,水合肼的各向异性消失,表现出各向同性的特性。     

长度可调的纳米线阵列近红外减反射特性

采用金属催化化学腐蚀方法在单晶硅表面制备了有序的纳米线阵列,研究了纳米线长度与腐蚀时间之间的关系,发现纳米线长度随着腐蚀时间的增加而增大。测试了所制备的具有纳米线阵列的硅表面在近红外1000nm～2500nm范围内的减反射性能。测试结果表明,与未处理的光滑硅表面相比,具有纳米线阵列的表面的反射率大辐降低,并随着纳米线长度的增加,反射率减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~