腰井子羊草草原自然保护区生物多样性现状及其能值估算

腰井子羊草草原自然保护区独特的地理位置、气候条件使其以牧草资源为主的生物多样性丰富.通过对腰井子保护区生物多样性现状进行统计,结果表明该区生长着189种高等植物和121种高等动物.并采用能值分析法对腰井子羊草草原生物物种能值加以估算,结果为186.53×1022sej,转换为货币价值214.38×109$,从而揭示生物多样性巨大的生态经济价值.     

农田-草原景观界面中植被恢复的空间特征

在腰井子羊草草原自然保护区边缘处，对农田—草原景观界面内的植被恢复月动态及空间差异进行了研究．通过设置样带、样地及样方的方法，从2002年6月初至8月中旬采用收获法共取样三次，测定了界面内不同部位的植物种类组成和生物量．经对物种丰富度指数、α多样性指数、β多样性指数的计算，发现草原植被在恢复过程中，界面内物种的丰富度、多样性及它们的月变化并不是均一的，从而表明界面系统内部所发生的生态作用、生态过程都具有明显的空间特性．物种丰富度指数表现出高→低→高，物种的多样性指数表现出高→低的变化规律，羊草在界面的边缘处可在竞争中取得优势地位，成为界面群落中的优势种．界面中不论物种丰富度的高低，优势种明显的中部和边缘部位能收获较高的生物量；界面中部的物种恢复所受到的两侧系统的影响力也最低．所以，界面是一个具有特殊结构和功能的独立的系统．     

呼伦贝尔草原群落生产力与物种多样性关系分析

在呼伦贝草原选取5种代表性草原群落类型,采用取样调查的方法,探讨自然状况下草原植被群落生产力与物种多样性的关系,旨在为草原生态系统功能的恢复和草原有效管理提供理论依据.研究结果表明:大针茅+糙隐子草群落、羊草+克氏针茅群落、克氏针茅+羊草群落和贝加尔针茅+羊草群落多样性指数(物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Winner指数)与生产力均呈显著正相关关系,但是羊草+寸草苔草甸草原物种多样性指数与生产力没有显著性相关关系.群落生产力受物种多样性、物种组成和环境因子等多因素共同影响,不仅仅是由物种多样性决定.     

江苏自然湿地的生物多样性特点

江苏自然湿地总面积为 9.97× 10 5hm2 .湿地景观可分为海岸带湿地景观、洲滩湿地景观、湖泊湿地景观、沼泽湿地景观和河流湿地景观 ,面积分别为 3.0 5× 10 5hm2 、4 .6× 10 4 hm2 、4 .2 1× 10 5hm2 、6 .8× 10 4 hm2 和 1.5 7× 10 5hm2 .江苏自然湿地生态系统可分为盐土生态系统、沼泽生态系统、水生生态系统和沙丘湿地生态系统 .湿地内物种丰富 ,高等植物有 4 84种 ,海岸带湿地已记载的鸟类有 2 4 1种 ,湖泊鱼类有 12 1种 (亚种 ) ;其中有 2种国家级珍稀濒危植物 ,31种国家重点保护野生脊椎动物 .江苏自然湿地生物多样性面临着人为干扰、海岸侵蚀、海平面上升、自然灾害加剧等问题 ,为此提出加强管理 ,建立湿地生物多样性生态模型 ,建立湿地生物多样性信息系统的建议 ,以保护江苏自然湿地的生物多样性     

退化草原封育改良过程中植物种的多样性变化的研究

以冷蒿为建群种的退化羊草草原变型封育过程中植物群落多样性特征及其变化趋势，１２年的研究结果如下：以冷蒿为建群种的退化羊草草原变型尽管单位面积上的物种丰富度较低，但由于原有优势种群的生长受到抑制，因而比原生羊草草原具有较高的均匀性和多样性。退化草原１２年的封育过程中，多样性指数表现为具有峰值的总体下降趋势，其中峰值产生在群落组合发生根本变化的封育后第７年。物种分布的均匀度是影响多样性变化的主要因素，     

我国的羊草ANEUROLEPIDIUM CHINENSE(TRIN.)KITAGAWA草原

本文根据1958——1976年野外调查和定位观测的资料,综述了我国羊草草原的生境条件、地理分布规律以及对羊草草原的植物生活型、生态型、层片结构、发育节律和动态进行了分析。根据建群种和优势种的差异把分布广、面积大、经济价值高而发育又此较稳定的羊草草原划分为三个基本群丛;1)羊草十杂类草群丛;2)单优种的羊草群丛;3)羊草十丛生禾草群丛。对上述三个群丛特别注(乙心)动态的研究,根据动态变化规律,提出了防止羊草草原退化和今后合理利用的途径。     

基于能值理论的土地整理生态效益评价方法与实证研究

在对传统生态效益评价方法综合评价的基础上,结合能值理论和生态系统服务理论,提出基于能值分析的土地整理生态效益评价步骤、因子选取和测算方法,并进行实证.研究结果表明,江苏省丹阳市吕城镇运河片项目区通过土地整理增强了农产品的生产、大气调节、土壤形成、营养物循环及涵养水源等5种生态效益,系统无偿能值投入导致产品和服务的能值量增加了3.10×1018sej/a,相应的能值货币价值为1.03×106│S/a.     

浅谈甘肃省草原生物多样性及其保护对策

草原生物多样性在生态环境保护、区域经济发展、维持生态平衡等方面具有重要地位。介绍了生物多样性的定义、价值及甘肃省草原生态保护政策,并对甘肃省草原生物面临的问题进行探讨,提出了相应的解决对策。     

东北羊草草原微生物在能流中作用的研究——常微分方程稳定性在能流上的应用

我校生物系杨靖春、倪平、祝廷成与东北林业大学林学系祖元刚、中国科学院微生物研究所王大珍五位研究人员在《生态学报》1988年9月第8卷笫3期上,发表了题为《东北羊草草原微生物在能流中作用的研究》副题为常微分方程稳定性在能流上的应用一文。这是一项中国科学院基金资助的研科课题。本文内容主要是在东北地区天然羊草(Leymns Chjnesis)草原上测定了羊草凋落物生物量、热值含量和分解速率以及土壤微生物量的呼吸作用速率,并将测定结果换算成能最。结果指出,在土壤微生物的能量流动过程中,羊草凋落物中的能量含量为206.57千卡/平方米·年;土壤微生物分解羊草凋落物中的能量为83.79千卡/平方米·年;     

基于能值理论的自然生态系统经济价值研究——以大巴山南坡雪宝山自然生态系统为例

以能值理论为基础,以大巴山南坡雪宝山自然生态系统为研究对象,对自然生态系统的经济价值进行了研究.研究结果表明,雪宝山自然生态系统的经济价值约为2.64×107US＄/a,其中物质产品和生态服务(不含生物多样性)的经济价值分别为2.26×107US＄/a、3.67×106US＄/a,生物多样性的经济价值约为7.75×109US＄.这说明在评估自然生态系统的经济价值时,生态服务和生物多样性的经济价值不容忽视.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with