啤酒厂污泥替代营养盐培养钝顶螺旋藻的研究

啤酒厂废水处理后排出的沉淀池剩余活性污泥~［１］（以下简称啤酒厂污泥）含粗蛋白２０％～３０％,磷、铁、钾等藻类培养主要元素含量丰富,同时还含有不少藻类培养所需的微量元素和辅助生长的有机物质,是培养藻类的良好基质［２］．经试验能 ５０％替代营养盐培养钝顶螺旋藻而保持其收得率基本不变,利用啤酒厂污泥培养螺旋藻既净化环境,又降低藻类养殖成本［３］,是一条有效处理污泥和推广螺旋藻养殖的良好途径．     

啤酒厂污泥替代营养盐培养钝顶螺旋藻的研究

啤酒厂废水处理后排出的沉淀池剩余活性污泥[1]（以下自称啤酒厂污泥）含粗蛋白20％～30％,磷、铁、钾等藻类培养主要元素含量丰富,同时还含有不少藻类培养所需的微量元素和辅助生长的有机物质,是培养藻类的良好基质[2]．经试验能50％替代营养盐培养钝项螺旋藻而保持其收得率基本不变,利用啤酒厂污泥培养螺旋藻既净化环境,又降低藻类养殖成本[3],是一条有政处理污泥和推广螺旋藻养殖的良好途径．     

钝顶螺旋藻的培养及其生物学特性的研究

通过对钝顶螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）的室内培养,选择了其最佳的培养条件,对藻体中的碳水化合物、粗蛋白、灰分进行分析,并且研究了钝顶螺旋藻对铁、锌、钙、碘等生命必须元素的吸收情况。结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻在２５００ｌｕｘ,３４＋１℃,光暗比为１２：１２,ＮａＨＣＯ３浓度为１３．０ｇ／Ｌ的培养液中生物量最高可达２．６６ｍｇ干重／ｍｌ。藻体中的碳水化合物占干重的１６．０％,粗蛋白占干重／     

利用生物反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻的研究

用ＢＦ－０７型自动控制光合生物反应器培养钝顶螺旋藻,结果表明：在低速搅拌时,对藻体的剪切作用很小;用优化后的海水Ｚａｒｒｏｕｋ培养基,用尿素代替硝酸钠作氮源,加赤霉素和维生素Ｂ６,有利于螺旋藻的生物量的生产和藻胆蛋白含量的提高。最后用改良的海水培养基扩大培养１０ｄ,干重可达０．５０１２ｇ／Ｌ。     

Te(IV)对钝顶螺旋藻和极大螺旋藻的生物效应

研究了Te(Ⅳ)对西Spirulina platensis和Spirulina maxima两种螺旋藻的生物效应，结果表明，Te(Ⅳ)质量浓度在0．01～2mg／mL范围内对钝顶螺旋藻的生长有促进作用，且1mg／mL的Te(Ⅳ)促进作用最大，在此浓度范围内Te(Ⅳ)对极大螺旋藻生长影响则不明显；Te(Ⅳ)质量浓度大于32mg／mL时对两种螺旋藻均有抑制作用，其对钝顶和极大螺旋藻的半数有效质量浓度(96hEC50)分别为36．1mg／L和87．9mg／L，显微观察结果表明，当ρ[Te(Ⅳ)]≥100mg／L时，两种螺旋藻均出现严重的断裂和变形。     

钝顶螺旋藻去废水中氨氮使用液培养条件研究

研究了钝顶螺旋藻母液与培养液温间差对钝顶螺旋藻使用液培养的影响、钝顶螺旋藻母液取量与培养时间的关系、水质对使用液培养的影响。实验结果表明：温间差以控制在5—6℃为宜,母液与培养液比以1／10为最佳,用蒸馏水或膜处理过的池塘水来培养钝项螺旋藻使用液较为理想．不宜采用含次氯酸的自来水进行培养。     

钝顶螺旋藻的混合营养分批和流加培养

在４Ｌ小型发酵罐对钝顶螺旋藻混合舂批和流加培养进行研究,在混合营养流加２中获得１０．２ｇ／Ｌ的最大细胞浓度,在这个浓度分别是混合营养分批的营养的３．８ ,光合自养分批培养的７．２倍,而细胞们率则分别为混合营养分批２的２．８倍,光合自养分批２的４．９倍。     

鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻SOD的纯化与性质研究

以鄂尔多斯高原碱湖特有的钝顶螺旋藻为材料,经超声破碎、硫酸铵分步盐析、离子交换层析及凝胶过滤,纯化得到SOD酶,经PAGE检测为1条带,所得酶液平均比活为2078U/mg,(总活力)回收率为19.9%.对SOD酶的PAGE电泳条带进行活性染色,亮斑清晰整齐; H2O2处理对照显示该酶活性明显受到抑制,KCN处理对照显示酶活性不受影响,初步判断为Fe-SOD; 又经金属元素分析,确认为Fe-SOD.经SDS-PAGE测定,亚基相对分子量为20kD,经PG-PAGE测定,全酶分子量为54kD,据分子量推断全酶应为三聚体分子.该酶在紫外区275.5nm有最大光吸收.在磷酸缓冲液中酶活力的最适pH为8.1,最适温度为25℃; 酶活性的pH稳定范围为5～10,40℃以上酶活力开始明显下降.酶在室温下存放9d后活力仍保持不变.     

无菌短藻丝体钝顶螺旋藻藻株的获得

采用平板涂布的方法分离筛选到一种短藻丝体（２～３个螺旋）钝顶螺旋藻Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ藻株．该藻株在液体培养基中能生长成均匀分散的培养物，因而便于进行平板涂布、光密度测定以及定量取样等操作．进一步采用植物组织培养中常用的消毒试剂次氯酸钠处理藻丝体，获得了无细菌污染的纯培养物，可用于分子生物学和基因工程研究．另外，提供了一种成份比较简单易得的培养基，可用于钝顶螺旋藻的实验室常规培养     

水提分离钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白及其稳定性研究

应用水提法分离钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白后,考察了螺旋藻细胞破碎液的藻液比、盐离子浓度、pH和环境温度等对藻蓝蛋白分离的影响,并对藻蓝蛋白的耐热性能及耐酸碱性能进行了研究.结果表明：用藻液比为5 g/L及50%（NH4）2SO4进行盐析沉淀,提取藻蓝蛋白的收率可达62.4 mg/g藻粉;螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白在常温时保持稳定,在较高温度时稳定性下降;在中性溶液环境时,藻蓝蛋白的稳定性良好,偏酸或偏碱环境均改变螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白的性能.     

Effects of dissolved organic matter on the growth and pigments synthesis of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira)

Excessive accumulation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the culture ponds of Spirulina platensis is usually considered to be one of the potential factors affecting the production of S. platensis, however, we are not quite aware of effects of DOM on the growth and pigments synthesis of S. platensis. In the present study, S. platensis was grown in batch or semi?continuous cultures using the filtrate in the culture ponds that had not been renewed for years. It was found that disssolved organic carbon up to 60 mg/L did not bring about an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. platensis, but increased the contents of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin instead. However, further accumulation of dissolved organic matter could decrease the content of chlorophyll a.     

环渤海水域磺胺类药物的含量特征

为确认环渤海水域中抗生素的污染情况,对渤海各主要河流入海处的磺胺类抗生素含量状况进行调查.采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对14种磺胺类药物进行分析,外标法定量.经检测得出磺胺类化合物的质量浓度∶磺胺醋酰(SAAM)为2.1~4.4 ng/L,磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)为5.7~12.9 ng/L,磺胺甲基异唑(SMZ)为3.6~13.0 ng/L,磺胺噻唑(STZ)为9.2~32.2 ng/L,磺胺甲噻唑(SMTZ)为5.3~6.2 ng/L,磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)为2.2 ng/L,磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)为2.7~2.9 ng/L.检测结果表明,城市生活污水排放是环渤海水域磺胺类污染物的主要来源,对环境微生态系统已造成严重影响.     

The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin

Seawater was collected from the western Arctic Ocean for measurements of 18О, ^226Ra and ^228Ra. The fractions of river runoff and sea ice melt-water in water samples were estimated by using δ^18О-S-PО^＊ tracer system. The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin was calculated based on the relationship between ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. and the fractions of river runoff in the shelf and deep ocean. Our results showed that the river runoff fractions in the Canada Basin were significantly higher than those in the shelf regions, suggesting that the Canada Basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. ^228Ra activity concentrations in the Chukchi shelf and the Beaufort shelf ranged from 0.16 to 1.22 Bq/m^3, lower than those reported for shelves in the low and middle latitudes, indicating the effect of sea ice melt-water. A good positive linear relationship was observed between ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. and the fraction of river runoff for shelf waters, while the ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. in the Canada Basin was located below this re-gressive line. The low ^228Ra/^226Ra）A.R. in the Canada Basin was ascribed to ^228Ra decay during shelf wa-ters transporting to the deep ocean. The residence time of 5.0-11.0 a was estimated for the river water in the Canada Basin, which determined the time response of surface freshening in the North Atlantic to the river runoff into the Arctic Ocean.     

Comparison of the community structure of planktonic bacteria in ballast water from entry ships and local sea water in Xiamen Port

In this study, the bacterial community structures in samples of ballast water collected from a ship from Singapore and of local sea water collected from Xiamen Port were compared using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Except for dominant α-Proteobacteria that are common to both systems, the bacterial community structures of the two systems were quite different. Most of the clones derived from the different systems were grouped into different phylogenetic clusters, and the sys-tems share only one common RFLP pattern. The ballast water, which is likely from clean offshore waters, contains sequences specific to α- and γ-Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ballast water contained sequences belonging to attached bacteria and bacteria commonly found in the open sea, as well as many novel sequences. In addition, no known pathogenic bacteria were detected in the ballast water samples. Conversely, water samples from Xiamen Port were apparently affected by the near shore environments.Specifically, in addition to α- and γ-Proteobacteria, water from Xiamen Port contained β- and δ-Proteobacteria, Synechococcus, Bacter-oidetes and Actinobacteria, which are common in coastal environments. Additionally, four pathogenic bacterial sequences and one plas-mid sequence of a potential red tide forming alga were detected in the water from Xiamen Port, which suggests that the local sea water is polluted. The results of this study can be used as background information to assess the risk associated with the introduction of non-indig-enous species to local systems and to establish ballast water management systems.     

大鹏澳养殖海域微表层与次表层水质及浮游动物群落特征的比较

2007年5～12月对大鹏澳鱼类养殖区(St.1)、贝类养殖区(St.2)、自然海区(对照区)(St.3)微表层和次表层的水质及浮游动物群落特征进行了调查.研究表明:3个调查区域微表层浮游动物种类数分别为33、25和27种,次表层浮游动物种数分别为70、56和67种.微表层浮游动物丰度在夏季达到最高,分别为580.0 ind./L(St.1)、224.0 ind./L(St.2)、750.0 ind./L(St.3),微表层浮游动物丰度均值高于次表层,对照区最高(314.5 ind./L),鱼类养殖区(262.0 ind./L)次之,贝类养殖区(168.5 ind./L)最低.水化分析结果显示大鹏澳海区微表层对氮、磷、硅营养盐均有富集作用,TN、TP、活性磷酸盐和活性硅酸盐富集因子平均值分别为2.02±O.13、2.16±0.18、3.36±1.04和2.12±0.10.大鹏澳不同功能海区不同水层浮游动物群落结构有很大差异,海水养殖对水质、浮游动物数量和组成有很大影响.     

减少移动卫星对地面站干扰的计算时间

在计算中低轨道移动卫星对固定业务地面站干扰时 ,如何缩减计算时间是个突出的问题。该文提出了加大计算步长和设置仰角阈值两种方法 ,分析了理论上减少计算时间的可能性 ,并通过典型的实例计算研究了这两种方法对计算精度和计算时间的影响。结果表明 ,取样步长往往可以取到相当大 (2 0 0～ 30 0 s左右 ) ,从而使得计算时间大大减小 ;另外 ,通过设置合理的仰角阈值 (15°左右 ) ,引起的误差是允许的 ,也能使得计算时间减少为原来的 90     

海湾内传输过程时间尺度的计算方法

为了探明海湾中水体交换、污染物扩散等过程中的物质传输特征,提出相应传输时间尺度的计算方法并进行数值模拟分析。基于水动力模型COHERENS,分别采用基于粒子跟踪法的Lagrange方法和基于对流-扩散方程的Eul-er方法对东京湾的滞留时间和游弋时间进行计算。结果显示:传输时间尺度在东京湾中的分布特征,表明水体自外洋进入海湾后的传输过程及湾内外水体的交换速率都在空间上存在差异。本方法既可用于估计水体系统宏观的传输时间尺度,亦能得到其空间分布。     

Premonitory phenomenon of El Ni(n)o event reflected in the observations of LOD and sea level

Data sets of the changes of the length of day, the sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific and of the sea level in Hong Long from tide gauge observations are used to analyze and reveal the reflections in the observations of the length of day and the sea level changes concerned with the premonitory phenomenon of next El Ni(n)o event. The results from this study indicate that a new El Ni(n)o event has been brewing with the ending of the strong La Nina event that started in early summer of 1998. The estimated formation period of the new El Ni(n)o event will begin before the end of 2000, and the peak period may be reached at around the end of 2001.     

RP-HPLC法测定川楝子水提醇沉提取物中川楝素的含量

建立川楝子水提醇沉提取物中川楝素含量测定的反相高效液相色谱法。采用Diamonsil TMC18柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(40∶60);流速为1.2 mL.min-1;检测波长为220 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量20μL。川楝素检测浓度在(10.39～249.36)μg.mL-1范围内与川楝素峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9,n=6);平均加样回收率为99.52%,RSD为0.81%。建立了简便、快速、准确、重复性好的川楝子水体醇沉提取物中川楝素的RP-HPLC含量测定方法。