温湿度对柑桔始叶螨发育历期和产卵量的影响

研究了温、湿度对柑桔始叶螨Ｅotetranychus kankitus Ehara发育历期和产卵量的影响。实验发现，发育历期与温、湿度呈负相关，温、湿度对发育历期的影响极为显著，每雌产卵总量与温、湿度呈抛物线型关系，通过有代表性的五个温、湿度组合试验，发现高温低湿和低温高湿均不利于柑桔始叶螨的生长发育，结果表明，２０℃－３０℃为柑桔始叶螨发育的适温区间；６５％－７５％为其发育的适湿区间。     

温度对瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂实验种群的影响

为探明瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂适宜的寄生和繁殖温度范围,在实验条件下研究了不同温度(19～34℃)对瓢虫柄腹姬小蜂实验种群的影响.结果表明,随温度的升高,卵-成蜂羽化历期、雌蜂寿命、产卵历期和世代平均历期逐渐缩短,温度从19℃升至为34℃时,卵-成蜂羽化历期从19.31d缩短为9.86d,雌蜂寿命从20.8d缩短为3.3d,产卵历期从5.33d缩短为2.13d,世代平均历期从22.43d缩短为11.37d.在25℃下,每雌蜂寄生数、产子蜂数和产雌蜂数最多,分别为6.17,51.2,38.5头.在25℃下,每雌蜂每d产出雌性后代数最多.在25℃下,净增殖率R0、内禀增长率rm、周限增长率λ亦最大,分别为38.47,0.24,1.27.这些结果显示了适宜该蜂的寄生、繁殖温度在25～28℃之间.     

温度对拟环纹豹蛛发育和繁殖力的影响

拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)为水稻害虫的重要天敌,在湖北省武汉市以成蛛和幼蛛越冬,一年最多可发生三个世代,以第二代历期为最短,第三代最长.雌蛛历期长于雄蛛.温度对发育历期有较大影响,用二次曲线拟合其关系方程为:y=698.2369—40.8019+0.617x~2,h=0.9850,R=0.9839 δ=5.5281.在32℃时历期取极小值23.36d.全代发育起点温度为10.16℃,有效积温为1171.3日度.温度对产卵间隔、卵袋数、产卵量、幼蛛存活率、成蛛寿命均有较大影响.在25—32℃温度范围内,产卵量和幼蛛存活率高,该蛛有较强的抗高温能力.     

斯氏珀蝽生物学特性的初步研究

对在天津采集的斯氏珀蝽生物学特性进行了观察,包括卵、若虫和成虫的生物学特性及其在天津的发生情况,以及不同龄期的若虫识别特征.研究发现:在8月份斯氏珀蝽卵的孵化历期为5~6 d;1~5龄若虫历期分别为1.5~2 d、2~3d、4 d、7~10 d、13~14 d.成虫产卵前期为7~10 d,雌虫寿命20~30 d,雄虫寿命11~13 d.在天津每年完成2个世代.     

枸杞储藏害虫印度谷螟生物学生态学特性研究初报

通过对危害储藏枸杞的印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)生物学生态学特性的试验观察发现,在常温仓储条件下的越冬幼虫死亡率高达86.3%,仅11.1%可化蛹,羽化为成虫.18～22 ℃时印度谷螟成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的发育历期分别为8.8,9.8,39.4,8.8 d,完成1代需要66.8 d.枸杞干果含水量与幼虫发育历期呈反比,与蛹的发育历期呈正比.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫及1个世代的发育起点温度分别为12.9,8.8,11.9,12.5,11.2 ℃,有效积温分别为59.7,481.5,130.4,62.8,692.3 d·℃.印度谷螟在银川地区可发生的理论代数为2.67代,与实际饲养观察的年发生世代基本吻合.     

温度对花翅摇蚊实验种群的影响

研究了温度对花翅摇蚊的生长发育及繁殖的影响.结果表明,在试验温度范围内,花翅摇蚊各虫态发育历期随温度升高而逐渐缩短,发育速率与温度呈正比关系.花翅摇蚊的世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为6.68℃和742.97 d·℃.在5个温度条件下,内禀增长力(rm)和周限增长速率(λ)均随温度的升高而增大,至34℃时最大,分别为0.175和1.191.净增殖率(R0)在26℃时最大,平均世代周期(T)和种群数量加倍时间(t)均随温度的升高而缩短,至34℃最短,分别为24.53 d和3.96d.花翅摇蚊对温度较敏感,30～34℃为其种群增长的最适温区.     

温度对柑桔红蜘蛛Panonychus citri(McGregor)生长发育、繁殖和寿命影响的研究

本研究系统地研究温度对柑桔红蜘蛛生长发育、繁殖和寿命的影响。柑桔红蜘蛛卵、幼螨、前若螨和后若螨的发育起点温度分别为9.0、10.7、9.8和11.0℃,发育有效积温分别为107.6、36.4、30.3和29.5日度。从卵发育至成螨需有效积温206.0日度。各螨态发育速率(V)与温度(t)关系,回归式分别是:卵:V=-0.0825 0.0093t;幼螨:V=-O.2939 0.0275t;前若螨:V=-0.3229 0.0330t;后若螨:V=-0.3181 0.0311t;卵至成螨:V=-0.0468 0.0049t。柑桔红蜘蛛各螨态在20～25℃下死亡串低,超出此范围的温度对生存不利,死亡率高。柑桔红蜘蛛雌雄性比在不同温度下不同,以25℃下最高。成螨寿命与温度成负相关。雌成螨寿命(Y:天)与温度(X:℃)的直线回归式为Y=23.11-0.546X.雄螨为:Y=13.70-0.320X。每雌平均产卵量(Y)与温度(X)成二次三项式曲线回归,模拟方程为Y=-24.8714 4.3234X-O.0954X~2。25℃下产卵量最大。种群增长指数在25℃下最高,低温和高温不利种群增长,特别是温度大于25℃,种群增长指数急剧下降,35℃下种群出现负增长。     

龙眼角颊木虱发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在人工气候室不同温度下测定龙眼角颊木虱的各个虫态及全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温.研究结果表明,在试验温度范围内(18-30℃)龙眼角颊木虱的生命活动能正常进行.发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,随温度的降低而延长;在18℃时从卵发育到成虫需72.76d,在30℃时从卵发育到成虫需31.76d.龙眼角颊木虱室内人工饲养温度以24-30℃范围内发育历期最短,发育速度最快.全世代的理论发育起点温度C为6.966±2.0142(℃),有效积温K为770.224土88.2071(日度).根据在福州全年大于发育起点温度的有效积温约为4550日·度;计算出龙眼角颊木虱在福州地区一年发生的理论代数为5.91代,这与田间实际发生代数6代基本吻合.为龙眼角颊木虱在福州地区发生提供了预测依据,为化学防治发挥重要的指导作用.     

抗药性二斑叶螨实验种群的发育与生殖力研究

系统研究了二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae)抗甲氰菊酯品系和敏感品系实验种群,在26℃下的生长发育和生殖情况,并通过组建2品系的生命生殖力表,用种群生命表参数分析了抗性种群与敏感种的生态适合度差异。研究表明:敏感品系(S)平均寿命为21.94 d,平均单雌产卵量为49.72粒;抗性品系分别为18.01 d和34.67粒。抗甲氰菊酯品系(R)的发育历期、寿命缩短以及产卵量下降,与敏感品系(S)相比较差异显著。抗甲氰菊酯品系的净生殖率(10.635 5)显著低于敏感品系(18.038 7)。抗甲氰菊酯品系的内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)和种群加倍时间(p.d.t)分别为0.2368、1.267 2和2.927 1,但与敏感品系的内禀增长率、周限增长率和种群加倍时间进行比较差异不显著。     

6种寄主对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖力的影响

异迟眼蕈蚊是一种多食性害虫,寄主众多.为了解不同寄主对其生长发育和繁殖力的影响,在温度(25±1)℃,相对湿度70％ ±10％,光照16 L:8 D条件下,测定了6种寄主对异迟眼蕈蚊的发育历期、幼虫存活率、成虫寿命和产卵量的影响.结果表明:异迟眼蕈蚊发育历期在平菇和香菇上相对较短,分别为21.25 d和21.68 d,...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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