三维冰雹云模式对重庆一次冰雹天气

利用三维冰雹云模式对2007年4月17日凌晨发生在沙坪坝的冰雹天气进行了数值模拟,结果显示:模式能够反映云体发展进程中的宏观动力学过程以及微物理过程.宏观方面:能够模拟出冰雹云发生、发展、成熟、消散的过程,在发展初期,对流层低层为气旋上升区,在冰雹云发展的成熟阶段,低层辐合达到最大,之后随着云体的消散,低层出现辐散下沉气流;微物理方面:能够模拟出各阶段的水汽混合比,固体水成物粒子之间的转化、增长过程.在80min时,对累积量分析可知,霰粒自动转化为冰雹、雹碰冻云水增长、雹碰冻霰增长三种过程是形成雹的主要过程,分别占到雹总生成量的84%,9%,4%;固态水成物粒子的积累过程和融化过程对降水有重要贡献.     

西藏那曲一次对流云降水及云微物理数值模拟

利用中尺度数值模式(WRF)对2015年8月13日青藏高原那曲地区一次对流云降水过程及云微物理特征进行了模拟.结果表明，WRF模式能够较好模拟本次对流云降水的落区、量级及其日变化等特征.本次对流云降水以冰相过程为主，冰晶粒子、雪粒子、霰粒子、云水粒子和雨水粒子由高到低依次分布，其中霰粒子含量最大.液态降水主要源于霰粒子的融化过程，暖雨过程中雨水和云水的微物理过程也对降水有一定影响.此外，位于高层的雪粒子通过冰晶的贝杰龙过程增长，之后通过碰冻过冷雨滴形成霰粒子胚胎，而霰粒子在上午依靠高层碰并雪和低层碰并过冷雨滴以及中层其本身淞附过程而增长，午后则通过中低层淞附过冷云水和碰并过冷雨滴过程增长.     

毫米波云雷达与地基微波辐射计联合反演云微物理参数

使用地基微波辐射计与毫米波云雷达进行主被动遥感联合探测,从理论上能够更准确地反演云微物理参数。分别以2010年7月于广东阳江和2015年3月于江苏南京进行的联合观测试验所获取的数据为例,对其中的层状云、层积云个例进行联合反演微物理参数的试验和分析,获取云演变过程中微物理参数和其他环境场物理量的变化特征。结果表明:1云雷达-微波辐射计联合反演法反演的云微物理参数与基于雷达反射率因子的经验法有较好的一致性,与实测经验值相比,结果比较可靠;2在层状云发展初始阶段,凝结增长作用在云体中上部位置起主要作用,碰并作用主要导致云滴粒子的显著增长和云层垂直方向的延展;在垂直上升速度较大的层积云中,云滴粒子通过碰并作用增长;3低层湿区高度与大范围层状云系出现的高度较为一致,抬升作用和水汽通量的辐合为云的产生提供了动力和水汽条件。     

孤立单体中雹胚生长物理过程分析

为探究威宁地区孤立单体雹胚的演变特征,基于双线偏振雷达数据,通过模糊逻辑相态识别算法,研究了2018年3月30日雹暴过程霰粒子的演变特征。结果表明:在2018年3月30日雹暴发展阶段有一过冷水累积区存在,且该累积区范围在成熟阶段进一步扩大,维持至消散阶段;低密度霰分布于2-7km,高密度霰分布于0-3km,过冷水分布于1-4km,冰雹分布于0-7km,高密度霰和低密度霰对冰雹的生成都有贡献,但从整个降雹阶段分析,高密度霰为本次雹暴中冰雹的主要来源;冰雹区和过冷水累积区对应着反射率高值区,上升气流将高密度霰带往过冷水累积区形成冰雹是本次过程成雹的主要机制,通过对雹暴机制的分析,建立了相关概念模型。     

龙岩一次冰雹的雷达回波特征分析

利用模式探空资料和龙岩多普勒天气雷达产品,对2020年4月21日发生在龙岩的冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明,此次雹云回波形态先后呈现出椭圆形、"S"形和弓状,具有回波强度强、强回波区面积大、维持时间长的特点,并出现有"V"形缺口、低层弱回波区和其上的强回波悬垂等超级单体特征;速度场出现逆风区、中气旋、低空急流等;风廓线产品中,中层干冷空气的入侵有利于雹云的剧烈发展。     

不同冰核核化过程对雷暴云微物理过程和降水的影响

基于已有的二维对流云模式,加入一种新冰晶核化参数化方案;并通过对不同冰晶核化方式进行模拟对比,探讨不同冰晶核化过程对云内微物理过程及降水的影响。结果表明:考虑气溶胶异质核化作用以及均质冻结核化与异质核化的竞争关系后,地面降雨明显延后,地面累积降雨量减弱,降雨整体受到抑制。通过对微物理过程分析发现,主要有两个成因。异质核化过程的加入,导致冰晶特别是在高温区快速增长,加剧了云水以及水蒸气的消耗,致使云水碰并效率降低,抑制了雨滴的碰并增长;云滴和雨滴含量的减小减弱了其与霰粒子的碰并效率,霰粒子增长变缓,下落末速度降低,霰融化过程明显滞后。     

利用三维云模式对一次强暴雨微物理过程的数值模拟

利用三维准弹性中小尺度云模式，对武汉地区1998年7月的一次强降水过程进行了数值模拟，研究了产生强降水云的微物理过程和降水机制，揭示了暴雨云高效率降水的基本原因。结果表明，这次暴雨过程的最大特点是降水持续且降水强度大，云内上升速度的长时间维持和云内较大水凝物含量为特大暴雨的产生提供了条件。这次暴雨过程中，云雨的自动转化碰并过程以及霰的融化致雨过程相对于其它物理过程更为重要。     

复杂地形影响冰雹云发展的数值模拟实验

采用复杂地形条件下,中小尺度冰雹云发生发展的二维数值模式,在ＶＡＸ机上定量计算了在１６种微物理过程作用下云中各水态含量及云中宏,微观参量的大小,并模拟了复杂地形的各种热力,动力条件下冰雹云随时间发生发展的演变规律,得出的结构与实际相一致。     

从积云的耗散结构建立冰雹形成公式

<正> 在云雾降水物理方面,自1962年以来,我国创立和发展了随机起伏理论,1979年徐家骝同志在其“冰雹微物理与成雹机制”一书里,系统地用含水量和湍流加速度的起伏建立起冰雹形成的机制。不幸的,经作者考虑,这一个随机起伏理论是不成立的。在对流云中,影响降水的,是由耗散结构出现的上升气流的时空的有序,而不是云     

北天山东段一次暴雨过程的数值模拟研究：动力与微物理机制

利用WRF中尺度数值模式对2010年6月22日~23日发生在新疆北天山东段的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟研究,重点探讨了暴雨过程形成演变的动力与微物理机制。结果表明,控制北疆的西北气流遇到博格达山脉,在迎风坡的强迫抬升作用下,形成对流单体并维持加强。降水蒸发冷却与摩擦拖曳产生的下沉气流紧贴迎风坡地表下泄,与环境西北气流对冲辐合引起对流区域由山坡向山前扩展。霰通过收集云水增长是降水形成的主要微物理机制。当云水被上升气流输送至-20℃以上时,能有效促进霰的增长过程,霰碰并雨滴(低层)及冰雪晶(高层)为霰增长的次要机制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that