具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

大肠杆菌K88ac,ST1,LTB基因融合

利用PCR技术,从大肠杆菌C83902质粒中扩增出K88ac基因,再从含ST1-LTB融合基因的重组质粒pXSLT1中扩增出ST1-LTB融合基因,构建了含K88ac-ST1-LTB融合基因表达质粒的重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pET-28KSL).经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实,构建的重组质粒pET-28KSL含有K88ac-ST1-LTB融合基因,且基因序列和阅读框架正确.经ELISA检测,重组菌株表达的K88ac-ST1-LTB融合蛋白能够被ST1,LTB单抗和K88ac抗体识别,表明已成功构建了K88ac-ST1-LTB融合基因,并实现了在重组大肠杆菌中的表达.     

即刻早基因ZENK的基因功能及其应用进展

即刻早基因ZENK是核基因组内编码转录因子的单拷贝基因,它受多种胞外信号,如血清、生长因子、细胞因子和激素的作用在不同类型细胞内迅速、大量表达.ZENK蛋白通过C2H2型锌指识别靶基因启动子中的GC丰富序列并发生作用,从而调控靶基因的转录.ZENK基因参与细胞生长、分化、发育的调控,而且其在大脑的诱导表达与动物的学习、记忆密切关联.另有研究显示,ZENK具有很高的进化保守性,可以作为新的分子标记运用于分子系统学研究.     

Reteplase基因的克隆及在甲醇毕赤酵母中的表达

进行了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)突变体Reteplase(r-PA)基因的克隆,并在甲醇毕赤酵母(Pichia methanolica)中实现了胞外表达。以基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)306染色体DNA为模板,通过PCR技术克隆了r-PA基因,将扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上并进行了序列测定。测序结果表明:克隆到的基因序列长1.1 kb,与已发表的Reteplase基因同源性达99.91%,其编码的氨基酸顺序一致。文中还构建了甲醇毕赤酵母分泌性表达载体pMETαA-r-PA,用PacⅠ单酶切将pMETαA-r-PA线性化后,采用电转化的方法将其导入甲醇毕赤酵母PMAD16中,PCR和表型鉴定表明,筛选到Reteplase基因已经整合到甲醇毕赤酵母染色体上的阳性克隆。经摇瓶初步培养及以甲醇为唯一碳源诱导表达,胞外Reteplase表达水平最高达27.93mol/(s.L)。     

甜味蛋白thaumatin-PDI二价植物表达载体的构建

将thaumatin cDNA和PDI基因的上游分别连上启动子,下游连上终止子,通过基因重组技术,克隆到植物表达载体pCAMBIAl302中,构建成一个同时含有thaumatin基因和PD／基因的新的植物二价表达载体pCAMBIAl302-tha-PDI.经测序,该表达载体中的thaumatin基因与PDI基因的编码阅读框序列完全正确。     

yC16基因在Escherichia coli中的表达及表达产物的纯化

yC16(cDNA, 2.9kb)是果蝇yema基因的转录片段.为制备yC16编码蛋白作为免疫原,本实验用GST融合基因表达载体pGEX-2T在Escherichia coli中合成该基因的蛋白,并与谷胱苷肽-s-转移酶(GST)融合形成融合蛋白.结果由裂解细菌所得到的融合蛋白为水溶性,并且可以在非变性的条件下,通过亲和层析作用在固定化的谷胱苷肽上加以纯化,然后再利用具有识别特异位点的蛋白水解酶--凝血酶或凝血因子Xa的切割作用,将融合蛋白中的GST成分除掉.实验结果表明,使用pGEX载体合成克隆基因多肽,是一种有效而可靠的方法,步骤简单.     

青鳉DMY基因的克隆及其在性别鉴定中的应用

提取雄性青鳉成鱼基因组DNA为模板,利用特异性引物,聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增获得1 908 bp的特异性条带.经测序证明为DMY基因片段,其核苷酸序列由3个外显子和2个内含子组成,可连续编码150个氨基酸.建立准确而有效的鉴定任意发育阶段青鳉个体雌雄性别基因型的方法,即利用管家基因——肌动蛋白基因PCR扩增条带的有无验证DNA样本提取和PCR扩增的有效性,同时利用雄性DMY基因的PCR扩增条带的有无鉴定青鳉个体的雌雄性别.对随机选取的成鱼和新生鱼卵样本,应用该方法可成功地鉴定出青鳉个体的雌雄性别.     

OsCHX1基因克隆及转基因植株获得

利用RT-PCR扩增水稻的Na 、K 、/H 反向转运蛋白(OsCHXl)基因全序列,将其与35S启动子连接后,插入到pl301中,构建植物过量表达载体pl301-35S-OsCHXl-NOS.将该质粒转化农杆菌EHA105,并对水稻愈伤组织进行转化,获得了再生植株.对再生植株进行GUS和PCR鉴定,发现超过85%的再生植株为阳性植株.此研究结果为进一步探讨OsCHX1基因功能提供了实验材料.     

纤维微菌XM-8木聚糖酶基因克隆及酶学性质

【目的】为获得可应用于木聚糖水解的酶资源,希望通过筛选分离得到能够水解木聚糖的木聚糖酶产生菌,克隆表达木聚糖酶基因并研究其酶学性质。【方法】从环境中筛选分离出可水解木聚糖的菌株,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定。扩增其木聚糖酶基因,以pET22b(+)为表达载体,构建共表达重组质粒,转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行异源表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究。【结果】经16SrDNA鉴定该菌株为纤维微菌。通过PCR成功克隆到该菌的木聚糖酶基因(xyn-8a),并构建共表达质粒pET22b-xyn-8a,实现木聚糖酶Xyn-8a的活性表达。酶学性质研究表明Xyn-8a最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH值为6.0,只对木聚糖底物有活性;HPLC分析其水解产物以木二糖为主,还有少量的木糖和木三糖。【结论】XYN-8A在pH值为6的条件下具有较高活力,且可以催化水解反应,在生产低聚木糖方面具有一定的应用价值。     

HLA基因多态性与法医学

人类白细胞抗原,简称HLA,基因定位于人类第6号染色体短臂上,是人类最复杂的显形多态遗传系统,基因型可达108之多,在法医学物证鉴定中有着广泛的应用前景,是理想的人类遗传学标记.本文就其基因多态性的研究进展和在法医学中的应用作一综述.