ZrO2基固体电解质氧传感器的研究现状及发展趋势

近年来,由于ZrO2基固体电解质氧传感器具有高的测氧灵敏度和在高温下的化学稳定性,因而在节约能源、环境保护等方面得到了广泛的应用.该文首先介绍了ZrO2基固体电解质氧传感器的测氧原理,然后阐述了ZrO2基固体电解质氧传感器的研究现状;重点介绍了氧传感器导电理论,及在高温和低温条件下工作的氧传感器研究状况和氧传感器的应用研究,并对氧传感器未来的发展进行了分析和展望,指出为了获得高性能的氧传感器应重点发展纳米材料氧传感器.     

两电极温度差对氧传感器准确度的影响

准确而可靠地监测气体中的氧浓度,对于科学实验和工业生产是十分重要的。在使用二氧化锆基固体电解质氧传感器测定气体中氧含量时,工作电极和参比电极的温度差是测量误差的重要来源。本工作根据实验测定得到了两电极温度差(T_2-T_1)和气体流量 Q 的关系,其结果可以用下式表示T_2-T_1=aQ~b这里 a 和 b 是常数。用本实验结果,能够得到由二氧化锆基固体电解质氧传感器测得的准确而可靠的数据。本文还讨论了混合电动势和气流沿程阻力对氧测量误差的影响。为了改进氧传感器的性能,本文提出了一些建议。     

含FeO熔渣对ZrO2固体电解质侵蚀性研究

采用热力学计算软件FactSage中的Equilib平衡计算模块,模拟研究静态条件下SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-FeO五元渣系对ZrO2材质的侵蚀特性。利用MgO稳定的ZrO2固体电解质管与碳饱和铁液以及酸性渣构建可控氧流电池,分别进行电池在开路条件与外加电势条件下的侵蚀实验,并通过SEM、EDS分析检测,讨论酸性渣可控氧流电解时ZrSiO4新相的形成机理以及对固体电解质导电性能的影响。结果表明,ZrO2的侵蚀程度随温度的升高和渣中FeO含量的增加而增加;在低碱度和高碱度条件下,熔渣与氧化锆之间分别会有ZrSiO4和CaZrO3生成;相对于静态以及开路条件,外加电势电解条件下酸性熔渣与氧化锆之间易形成新相层,从而显著增大电池内阻,阻碍氧离子迁移,但也能减轻或阻碍熔渣对ZrO2固体电解质的渗透侵蚀;可控氧流电解时酸性渣中初始FeO含量最好低于20%,碱度R最好在0.23～0.80之间。     

较低温固体电解质催化氧传感器的研究

制备了不同的固体电解质，测量电极和参比电极，利用应答实验研究了固体电解质，测量电极对氧传感器的影响，利用恒电流实验选择了合适的参比电极，并研究了程度，氧浓度对电池应答的影响，考察了其稳定性，并进一步进行了阴极极化和阳极极化的研究。     

一氧化碳对氧化锆传感器的影响

通过X光衍射分析等方法,测试了ZrO_2基固体电解质氧传感器在700℃下的一氧化碳气体的环境中固体电解质和电极内外表面的物相组成,发现受CO气体影响后,内电极与固体电解质接界处有金属互化物PtZr生成,而且内电极表面的电镜图表明电极有明显的溶蚀迹象,固体电解质内壁有新物相YG_2和Zr_(0.82)Y_(0.18)O_(1.91)生成,同时氧化锆基体内表面有溶蚀的迹象。探讨了一氧化碳气体对氧化锆传感器响应时间和电导率的影响机理,认为CO气体不仅参与了电极反应,同时也和氧化锆基体发生了化学反应,改变了氧化锆固体电解质表面的晶体结构,使电阻升高,电极的响应时间加快。表1,参10。     

氧离子导体La2 Mo2-xWxO9的研究进展

自2000年Lacorre等人报道了La2Mo2O9具有较高的氧离子电导率以来,La2Mo2O9基氧离子导体由于其优异的性能而受到人们的关注,特别是W替代的La2Mo2O9基氧离子导体材料.本文综述了氧离子导体La2Mo2-xWxO9的研究现状.主要介绍了氧离子导体La2Mo2-xWxO9的结构特征、氧离子扩散行为与相变机制、化学稳定性问题和氧离子电导率等性能.已有的研究结果表明,W替代的La2Mo2O9在化学稳定性和直流电导率方面比纯La2Mo2O9具有更好的优势,可望在固体氧化物燃料电池和氧传感器等方面得到广泛的应用,具有极大的发展潜力.     

用LSCo作扩散障碍层的极限电流型氧传感器

采用简单工艺,制备出以8%Y2O3(摩尔分数)稳定的ZrO2为固体电解质,La0.8Sr0.2CoO3混合导体材料为扩散障碍层的极限电流型氧传感器.该传感器能够很好地给出全范围空燃比的极限电流平台,与小孔或多孔极限电流型传感器相比,具有结构简单、响应快、工作可靠、成本低廉等优点.     

Caβ″-Al_2O_3的制备、性质及在氧传感器中的应用

以 CaCO_3·MgCO_3和Al_2O_3 为原料,用等静压方法成型,经高温烧结,制备出了Caβ″-Al_2O_3 固体电解质管,用复阻抗法测量了Caβ″-Al_2O_3 在 840～1184 K 温度范围内的离子电导率,结果表明,电导率的对数和温度的倒数之间呈直线关系,电导激活能为 38.93 kJ/mol。用Caβ″-Al_2O_3 作固体电解质组成氧传感器,成功地测量了 1723 K 的碳饱和铁液的低氧活度。     

固体电解质氧浓差电池测氧过程中氧的传质

氧在钢液中的传质对固体电解质氧浓差电池测定钢液中氧含量的影响,并通过实验验证了钢液中氧传质的存在,通常测氧探头所测为探头与钢液界面之氧浓度,为知钢液本体真实氧浓度,可通过实际测定数值回归而求得。     

固体氧化物燃料电池的原理及研究进展

概述固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的原理,综述了ZrO2基固体电解质型燃料电池的研究进展状况,提出了一些有待解决的问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with