4-氯-2,2-二氰基-N-氯乙酰基丁酰胺-3-酮的合成及结构表征

以甲氨酰二氰基甲基化钾为原料,在室温条件下,采用固液相表面接触法与过量氯乙酰氯反应,合成了具有多个功能基的丁酰胺类化合物4- 氯-2,2-二氰基-N-氯乙酰基丁酰胺-3-酮,产率为11.2 %;m.p.147.8 ℃～148.1 ℃;其结构经IR.、1H NMR确认.     

高分子造纸助剂的设计及其作用机理Ⅰ. N-氯代酰胺基在中性条件下的反应

研究了1-丁酰胺的N-氯代衍生物与1-丙醇水溶液在弱碱性条件下的化学反应.通过对产物的定量及结构分析,发现N-氯代酰胺基的55% 转化为1-丁酰基-3-丙基尿素,15%转化为1,3-二丙基尿素,10% 转化为丙氨基甲酸丙酯.由此推论PAM的N-氯代酰胺基能形成网状结构且能和羟基形成共价键.这些都预示着N-氯代聚丙烯酰胺具有优良的纸湿增强效果.     

6-氯吡啶-3-甲醛的简便合成

根据Komblum反应原理,采用二甲亚砜(DMSO)氧化2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶,一步反应得到6-氯吡啶-3-甲醛．考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对产物收率的影响,确定了较佳反应条件：2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶加mmol,碳酸氢钠40mmol,碘化钾10mmol,DMSO100mL,反应时间8h,反应温度100℃,产物收率可达到76．2％．     

2,6-二甲基苯甲酸的合成工艺研究

以2,6-二甲基溴苯为原料,经氰基化,两步水解等反应合成了2,6-二甲基苯甲酸,并对氰基水解反应的工艺条件进行了优化。先将氰基在碱性条件下水解成酰胺,收率:100%;再在酸性条件下水解酰胺,得到最优的酰胺水解条件是:酰胺与65%硫酸的配比为1 g∶10 mL,水解温度110℃,水解时间12 h,收率达到:85%。     

α-氯-α-丙基戊酸的合成和性能研究

本文参照D.N.Harpp等人的工作,将酰氯的α-氯化反应推广到具有α-烷基C_8化合物上,成功地合成了新化合物——α-氯-α-丙基戊酰氯,提出了用α-氯-α-丙基戊酰氯水解合成相应α-氯-α-丙基戊酸的途径,讨论了温度、时间等因素对反应的影响。测定了所合成化合物的理化常数和IR,NMR。该氯化方法适应于制备纯α-氯-α-烷基脂肪酸,具有α-氯代专一性,高产率,水解完全等优点。探讨了α-氯-α-丙基戊酸对某些稀土(La,Y,Nd,Sm)离子和钴(Ⅱ),镍(Ⅱ)的萃取性能。     

有机颜料中间体N-(3'-氨基-4'-氯代)苯甲酰基-2-甲基-3-氯代苯胺的合成

以 4-氯甲苯为原料 ,经过氧化 ,硝化 ,缩合 ,还原反应 ,制成有机颜料中间体N ( 3’ 氨基 4’ 氯代 )苯甲酰基 2 甲基 3 氯代苯胺 .对影响反应的诸因素进行了讨论 ,产品总收率为 5 7.4%.     

K_3[Fe(CN)_6]作为氰源合成5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮的正交试验研究

5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮是黄酮醋酸类化合物中间体.以5,7-二羟基黄酮为原料,经氯甲基化反应得到5,7-二羟基-8-氯甲基黄酮.在此基础上,在碱性条件下,以无毒、廉价的K3[Fe(CN)6]为氰源,Cu(OAc)2为催化剂,合成5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮.探讨了反应温度、催化剂与原料摩尔比、K3[Fe(CN)6]与原料摩尔比及碱与原料摩尔比等因素对氰基化反应的影响,从而确定氰基化反应的最佳条件是:反应温度为100℃,催化剂Cu(OAc)2与原料的摩尔比为0.004∶1,K3[Fe(CN)6]与原料的摩尔比为0.1∶1,Na2CO3与原料的摩尔比为1.5∶1,在此条件下反应收率为72.8;.     

8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的合成

以2-氰基-3-甲基吡啶为原料，通过Ritter反应、烷基化、腈化、水解、环化等五步反应成了氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10，11-二氢杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮，总收率为25.6%，其结构经核磁共振、质谱等确证。     

2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺及其Schiff碱的合成与表征

以对氯三氟甲苯为原料,经硝化反应和金属还原,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺;再将2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺与不同的芳香醛反应,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺Schiff碱,产率达到68%~85%,对合成Schiff碱的结构进行了红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振、质谱表征.     

4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成

改进4-[1,2,4] 三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成方法,以价廉易得的对氰基氯苄代替对氰基溴苄,研究对氰基氯苄与1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑的N-烃基化反应及合成4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的工艺条件.实验所选用的最佳工艺条件:对氰基氯苄为0.03 mol,1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑用量为0.045 mol,乙腈溶剂为20 mL,混合碱(无水碳酸钾和氢氧化钾的量比为1∶1)的总用量为0.03 mol,反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为5 h,在此条件下,4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的收率可达76%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to