4-氯-2,2-二氰基-N-氯乙酰基丁酰胺-3-酮的合成及结构表征

以甲氨酰二氰基甲基化钾为原料,在室温条件下,采用固液相表面接触法与过量氯乙酰氯反应,合成了具有多个功能基的丁酰胺类化合物4- 氯-2,2-二氰基-N-氯乙酰基丁酰胺-3-酮,产率为11.2 %;m.p.147.8 ℃～148.1 ℃;其结构经IR.、1H NMR确认.     

高分子造纸助剂的设计及其作用机理Ⅰ. N-氯代酰胺基在中性条件下的反应

研究了1-丁酰胺的N-氯代衍生物与1-丙醇水溶液在弱碱性条件下的化学反应.通过对产物的定量及结构分析,发现N-氯代酰胺基的55% 转化为1-丁酰基-3-丙基尿素,15%转化为1,3-二丙基尿素,10% 转化为丙氨基甲酸丙酯.由此推论PAM的N-氯代酰胺基能形成网状结构且能和羟基形成共价键.这些都预示着N-氯代聚丙烯酰胺具有优良的纸湿增强效果.     

6-氯吡啶-3-甲醛的简便合成

根据Komblum反应原理,采用二甲亚砜(DMSO)氧化2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶,一步反应得到6-氯吡啶-3-甲醛．考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对产物收率的影响,确定了较佳反应条件：2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶加mmol,碳酸氢钠40mmol,碘化钾10mmol,DMSO100mL,反应时间8h,反应温度100℃,产物收率可达到76．2％．     

2,6-二甲基苯甲酸的合成工艺研究

以2,6-二甲基溴苯为原料,经氰基化,两步水解等反应合成了2,6-二甲基苯甲酸,并对氰基水解反应的工艺条件进行了优化。先将氰基在碱性条件下水解成酰胺,收率:100%;再在酸性条件下水解酰胺,得到最优的酰胺水解条件是:酰胺与65%硫酸的配比为1 g∶10 mL,水解温度110℃,水解时间12 h,收率达到:85%。     

(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇合成(R)-(-)-3-氯-2-羟丙基对甲苯磺酸酯的研究

以(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了医药中间体(R)-(-)-3-氯-2-羟丙基对甲苯磺酸酯,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂种类及用量、催化剂种类及用量,以及原料配比等因素对反应的影响.通过正交试验确定了适宜的合成工艺条件:反应温度0℃;反应时间6 h;对甲苯磺酰氯与(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇摩尔比为1.2∶1;催化剂NaOH与(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的摩尔比为1.2∶1;以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇浓度为125 g/L.在此工艺条件下产物得率大于85%.     

α-氯-α-丙基戊酸的合成和性能研究

本文参照D.N.Harpp等人的工作,将酰氯的α-氯化反应推广到具有α-烷基C_8化合物上,成功地合成了新化合物——α-氯-α-丙基戊酰氯,提出了用α-氯-α-丙基戊酰氯水解合成相应α-氯-α-丙基戊酸的途径,讨论了温度、时间等因素对反应的影响。测定了所合成化合物的理化常数和IR,NMR。该氯化方法适应于制备纯α-氯-α-烷基脂肪酸,具有α-氯代专一性,高产率,水解完全等优点。探讨了α-氯-α-丙基戊酸对某些稀土(La,Y,Nd,Sm)离子和钴(Ⅱ),镍(Ⅱ)的萃取性能。     

有机颜料中间体N-(3'-氨基-4'-氯代)苯甲酰基-2-甲基-3-氯代苯胺的合成

以 4-氯甲苯为原料 ,经过氧化 ,硝化 ,缩合 ,还原反应 ,制成有机颜料中间体N ( 3’ 氨基 4’ 氯代 )苯甲酰基 2 甲基 3 氯代苯胺 .对影响反应的诸因素进行了讨论 ,产品总收率为 5 7.4%.     

K_3[Fe(CN)_6]作为氰源合成5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮的正交试验研究

5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮是黄酮醋酸类化合物中间体.以5,7-二羟基黄酮为原料,经氯甲基化反应得到5,7-二羟基-8-氯甲基黄酮.在此基础上,在碱性条件下,以无毒、廉价的K3[Fe(CN)6]为氰源,Cu(OAc)2为催化剂,合成5,7-二羟基-8-氰甲基黄酮.探讨了反应温度、催化剂与原料摩尔比、K3[Fe(CN)6]与原料摩尔比及碱与原料摩尔比等因素对氰基化反应的影响,从而确定氰基化反应的最佳条件是:反应温度为100℃,催化剂Cu(OAc)2与原料的摩尔比为0.004∶1,K3[Fe(CN)6]与原料的摩尔比为0.1∶1,Na2CO3与原料的摩尔比为1.5∶1,在此条件下反应收率为72.8;.     

8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的合成

以2-氰基-3-甲基吡啶为原料，通过Ritter反应、烷基化、腈化、水解、环化等五步反应成了氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10，11-二氢杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮，总收率为25.6%，其结构经核磁共振、质谱等确证。     

2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺及其Schiff碱的合成与表征

以对氯三氟甲苯为原料,经硝化反应和金属还原,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺;再将2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺与不同的芳香醛反应,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺Schiff碱,产率达到68%~85%,对合成Schiff碱的结构进行了红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振、质谱表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that