An attempt to immunize the blue crab,callinectes sapidus,with vertebrate red blood cells

Résumé Nous avons essayé d'augmenter le titre de l'hémagglutinine naturelle qui se trouve dans le sérum du crabe bleu,Callinectes sapidus, par l'inoculation d'hématies de vertébrés. On a noté une augmentation légère de ce titre après 48 h, mais elle n'était apparemment pas spécifique, puisque on peut la provoquer avec l'antigène hétérologique et une solution saline ainsi que l'antigène homologique. Il appert qu'il s'agit là d'une réponse intérieure défensive et non-spécifique due à quelque force extérieure.     

Rabbit immunization to xenogeneic red blood cells following anterior eye chamber inoculation

Summary Inoculation of human red blood cells (HRBC) into the anterior chamber of the eye (AC) of rabbits effectively stimulazed systemic antibody production. Intraocular (i.o.) inoculation was observed to be more effective a route of immunization than i.v. or i.m. inoculation of antigen. These results contradict the accepted belief that the AC is an immunologically privileged site in the body.     

An attempt to induce crossing-over in males ofDrosophila melanogaster with ovarian extract

Zusammenfassung Von zwei früheren, sich widersprechenden Befunden wird einer gestützt: Ovarialextrakte vonDrosophila lösen in Männchen keine «crossing-over» aus.

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The author wishes to express her gratitude to Dr. P. G.Kale for guidance and to Prof. S. P.Ray-Chaudhuri for the facilities provided.     

Biochemical polymorphism and the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the sheep red blood cells

Summary There was no significant difference in the level of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells of sheep of different haemoglobin types (Hb A and Hb B) or potassium types (HK and LK). However, low glutathione (GSH^L) sheep had significantly higher (p<0.01) level of 2,3-DPG in their red blood cells than high glutathione (GSH^H) sheep. There was also significant effect of interactions between glutathione, haemoglobin and potassium types (p<0.05) and glutathione and haemoglobin types (p<0.01) on red cell 2,3-DPG levels.     

Proton and potassium fluxes in rat red blood cells incubated with sugar phosphates

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate counteracts potassium ejection and proton uptake induced in rat red blood cells by valinomycin and an uncoupler. The effect on potassium ejection is reduced in the presence of ouabain and divalent cations.     

Proton and potassium fluxes in rat red blood cells incubated with sugar phosphates

Summary Fructose-1,6-diphosphate counteracts potassium ejection and proton uptake induced in rat red blood cells by valinomycin and an uncoupler. The effect on potassium ejection is reduced in the presence of ouabain and divalent cations.     

Influences of the submaxillary gland of male mice on the immune response to sheep red blood cells

Summary Removal of the submaxillary gland (SMG) from male but not female mice caused a suppressed immune response to sheep red blood cells. Administration of a SMG saline extract from male mice to SMG-ectomized males restored the suppressed response to control levels. This suggests that the male mouse SMG contains a factor(s), possibly of an endocrine nature, capable of influencing cells involved in an immune response.     

The effect of abrin,anti-lymphocyte globulin and their conjugates on the immune response of mice to sheep red blood cells

Summary A chemical conjugate of anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin and abrin, is about twice as effective as a similar conjugate made with normal immunoglobulin and abrin, in suppressing the ability of the mouse to respond immunologically to an injection of sheep red blood cells.Acknowledgment. We thank Dr Stuart, Society of Herbalists, London, and Prof. G.C. Clark, Dept. of Botany, University of Ghana, for gifts ofAbrus precatorius seeds, and Mrs L. Bushby for help in the preparation of the horse anti-mouse lymphocyte globulin. D.C.E. is an external member of the staff of the Wellcome Foundation Ltd.     

Adenosine triphosphate and diphosphoglycerate levels in red blood cells from patients with Down's syndrome

Summary The levels of ATP and ATP plus DPG were significantly elevated in erythrocytes from Down's syndrome patients when compared to erythrocytes from age matched controls. The hemoglobin content and hematocrit values were significantly reduced. The resultant tendency towards anemia probably explains the elevation in metabolite levels.Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to the Mrs James A. Richardson Foundation and the Medical Research Council of Canada (grant No. M.A. 5447) for providing financial assistance. The authors also wish to thank Dr L. Lowther, J. Crabtree and Dolores Suga for their assistance in this study.     

The influence of bacterial endotoxin on the formation of antibody-forming spleen cells in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells

Zusammenfassung Es wird berichtet, dass die simultane i.v. Injektion vonSerratia marcescens-Endotoxin mit i.p. verabfolgten Schafbluterythrocyten bei weissen Mäusen zu einer beschleunigten Bildung hämolysinbildender Milzzellen und zu einem verzögertem Abfall dieser kompetenten Zellen zwischen dem 7. und 30. Tage nach der Immunisierung führt. Eine echte Vermehrung plaquebildender Milzzellen wurde jedoch nicht gefunden. Weiterhin liess sich zeigen, dass die alleinige i.v. Injektion von bakteriellem Lipopolysaccharid eine mässige Proliferation von in geringer Zahl vorhandenen antikörperbildenden Milzzellen bewirkt.

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This work was supported by research grant No. Fi 115/1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the red blood cells of GSH-normal and GSH-deficient sheep

Levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in the red blood cells of glutathione(GSH)-normal and GSH-deficient sheep. There were no significant differences in any of the 3 enzyme activities measured in the 2 groups of sheep. Also, there was no relationship between GSH level and the enzyme activity. These results suggest that inspite of large differences in GSH levels, the red blood cells from GSH-normal and GSH-deficient Merino sheep appear to have similar response to oxidative stress against which GSH is credited to play a major role.     

Accelerated and prolongated multiplication of antibody-forming spleen cells byBordetella pertussis in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells

Zusammenfassung Der Wirkungsmechanismus immunologischer Adjuvantien ist nicht bekannt. Mittels Anwendung der Jerneschen Technik wurde daher die Frage untersucht, ob Pertussisorganismen ihre adjuvante Wirksamkeit über eine Vermehrung immunologisch kompetenter Zellen entfalten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die simultane Injektion vonB. pertussis und Schaferythrocyten im Vorgleich zur alleinigen Injektion von Schaferythrocyten bei NMRI-Mäusen zu einer beschleunigten, gesteigerten und verlängerten Bildung anti-körperbildender Milzzellen führt.

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This work was supported by research grant No. Fi 115/1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Influence of blood sugar level on the glycolytic activity of human red cells

Riassunto Studiando la glicolisi di globuli rossi umani è stata notata una correlazione statisticamente significativa tra livello iniziale di glucosio e glicolisi, espressa in mg di glucosio utilizzati da 100 ml di globuli rossi per ora. In condizioni di carico sperimentale con glucosio la correlazione ha avuto un comportamento variabile.     

Normal human blood treated in vitro with cephalothin. Relationship between serologic and metabolic abnormalities of red blood cells

Riassunto L'incubazione in vitro dell'antibiotico cefalotina con sangue intero determina un'anormalità metabolica degli eritrociti e la positività del test di Coombs diretto. Nel presente lavoro sono stati studiati i rapporti tra i due fenomeni e si è osservato che il primo si produce più precocemente del secondo. In base ad una serie di considerazioni, si conclude che l'effetto primo della cefalotina sugli eritrociti è una lesione della membrana, con successivo adsorbimento di alcune proteine dal plasma.