高架桥地震响应的半主动控制研究

文章根据高架桥的结构特点,将整个结构简化为多自由度(MDOF)体系,采用磁流变(MR)阻尼器中修正的Bouc-Wen模型和剪切型最优控制(clipped-optimal control)算法对高架桥的地震响应进行了半主动控制研究;同时将MR阻尼器半主动控制与结构被动控制和主动控制的效果进行了对比研究;使用EI-Centro波、Taft波和天津波3种地震波对高架桥-MR阻尼器半主动控制系统进行了数值模拟计算。数值结果表明:基于MR阻尼器的半主动控制能够有效地减小高架桥的水平地震位移,其控制效果明显优于被动控制,且接近于主动控制。     

相邻模型结构MR阻尼器半主动控制振动台试验

利用振动台对磁流变(MR)阻尼器连接的相邻模型结构的地震响应进行了研究.为了验证基于MR阻尼器控制系统的控制效果,振动台试验中对3种地震激励下的相邻模型结构采用了2种被动控制策略和3种半主动控制策略.试验中,最大电流被动控制策略和3种半主动控制策略使相邻模型结构各层的地震响应皆有明显降低;半主动控制策略皆采用了加速度反馈的方法以减少试验中所用传感器的数量.试验结果表明:MR阻尼器是有效的半主动控制装置,在被动和半主动控制系统中有稳定的控制效果;基于加速度反馈的控制方法适用于具有闭环增益矩阵的控制算法,可以减少控制系统的硬件投入以及增加半主动控制系统在实际工程应用中的可行性.     

强震作用下连续梁桥多墩联合半主动控制

为了平均分配连续梁桥各墩的损伤,提出了一种多墩联合半主动控制算法.该控制算法在主动最优控制力的基础上,综合考虑连续梁桥各墩的损伤状态,通过调整阻尼器的目标出力,在主梁加速度和各桥墩的墩顶与主梁间相对位移得到控制的同时,使各桥墩的损伤指数平均分配.本文以一设置了磁流变(MR)阻尼器的3跨连续梁桥为研究对象,采用MATLAB进行数值模拟分析,对所提出的半主动控制算法进行了多种工况下的验证.计算结果表明,采用多墩联合半主动控制算法能够较好地控制桥梁的地震反应,同时有效降低破坏最严重的桥墩在强震过程中的损伤指数,达到各桥墩损伤平均分配的效果.     

斜拉索采用MR阻尼器半主动控制的研究

采用基于位移和速度方向的半主动控制算法,对斜拉索和MR阻尼器组成的系统进行动力分析,考察了 斜拉索基频(张力、索长、质量)、Irvine参数、激励荷载(类型、频率、大小)等各种因素对斜拉索动力响应的影 响,并与MR阻尼器被动控制效果进行了比较,以全索全时段振动响应的均方根作为振动控制效果的评价指 标．研究表明,MR阻尼器半主动控制对斜拉索抑振效果比MR阻尼器被动控制有较大幅度的提高．位移RMS 减小的幅度可达50％,且在MR阻尼器型号的有效区间内可使多阶振动模态均取得较好的减振效果．     

基于改进的Bang-Bang控制算法的拉索半主动控制研究

为了提高磁流变(magnetorheological,MR)阻尼器对斜拉桥拉索振动的控制效果,避免在经典的Bang-Bang控制算法下拉索振动幅度很小而MR阻尼器出力却很大的不合理情况,提出基于位移限定的改进的Bang-Bang控制算法(以下简称新算法)。在Simulink中建立相关模型进行数值模拟分析,将基于新算法的半主动控制的控制效果与主动控制、被动控制及基于经典的Bang-Bang控制算法的半主动控制的控制效果进行比较。结果显示,基于新算法的半主动控制对拉索振动控制效果要好于被动控制及基于经典的Bang-Bang控制算法的半主动控制,其控制效率相对于被动控制和经典的Bang-Bang控制算法分别提高30%和10%以上。这表明新算法对拉索的振动控制效果有一定的改善,因而对实际工程有一定的参考价值。     

对跨海桥梁震浪响应的半主动控制策略

建立了桥梁震浪响应的磁流变液阻尼器(MRD)控制方程,首先将MRD在下一时刻的出力预测值作为半主动控制系统的限界约束,并构造适合MRD的剪切型最优(CO)半主动控制目标函数;然后基于精细积分法把MRD半主动控制策略等效为一列在附加限界约束内使目标函数取最小值的方程组;最后利用可靠区理论求解方程组得到MRD的半主动控制力.以一座三跨跨海公路连续梁桥为工程背景,分别对其在未控制、TRIO半主动控制、CO半主动控制和线性二次型最优(LQR)主动控制下的各评价指标进行了数值计算.结果表明:提出的TRIO半主动控制策略在降低桥梁震浪响应方面比传统的CO半主动控制的效果显著;TRIO半主动控制的MRD控制力峰值逼近LQR主动控制的,对外界能源的利用率比LQR策略的要高得多.     

柴油机双层隔振系统半主动模糊控制

针对柴油机的双层主动隔振系统,提出了基于MR阻尼器的半主动模糊控制方法.通过建立柴油机双层隔振的半主动控制模型,设计了双输入单输出的模糊控制器,根据经验和理论分析制定了模糊控制规则,运用MATLAB软件对被动控制与半主动控制联合建模并仿真.结果表明:与被动控制相比,半主动模糊控制具有良好的控制效果,能够进一步提高柴油机的减振效果.     

输电塔-线体系振动控制研究进展

目的综述振动控制技术在输电塔-线体系减振方面的研究进展,并对未来研究方向提供建议.方法搜集整理了近来输电塔-线体系振动控制方面的研究成果,按照被动控制、主动控制和半主动控制3个方面,详细介绍了各类阻尼器的研究方法及减振效果,并针对现有研究的难点及不足提出了建议.结果被动、主动及半主动控制技术均可有效降低输电塔-线体系的动力响应,目前研究主要采用数值分析的方法验证各类阻尼器的减振效果,参数优化研究较少,试验验证及工程应用较少.结论被动控制技术中的吸振和消能减振技术无需能量输入、安装维护方便,更适用于输电塔-线体系.     

飞机起落架半主动控制系统的控制方法研究

利用磁流变阻尼器对起落架悬架系统进行半主动控制,将以前经常研究的二自由度起落架系统转换到一个考虑到反弹、着陆冲击时的俯仰和滚转运动的三自由度飞机系统来研究,能更好地模拟飞机的两个主起落架和前起落架轮的连续触地着陆的真实情况。磁流变阻尼器的半主动控制策略分别使用二种不同的控制器,即线性二次型调节器(LQR)和鲁棒控制器。斯宾塞模型用来预测的磁流变(MR)阻尼器的动力特性。对控制器在减少响应加速度和速度时的性能进行比较分析。仿真结果验证了飞机在着陆过程中受到干扰时鲁棒控制能提供较好的控制效果。     

改进的基于MR阻尼器的斜拉索模糊半主动控制有限元模拟

模糊控制应用在斜拉索-MR阻尼器振动控制时,可直接通过系统的响应得到MR阻尼器的输入电压,简单实用,不过需要大量调试才能得到系统响应的量化因子,工作量较大.在基于MR阻尼器斜拉索参数共振模糊半主动控制的基础上,提出一种改进的方法,使得模糊控制计算更加智能.以红水河特大桥的M22和M13拉索为研究对象,对其参数共振进行振动控制研究.结果表明:改进的基于MR阻尼器斜拉索参数共振模糊控制方法相比一般模糊控制方法更加智能,不需要斜拉索无控制时的响应可确定输入变量或输出变量的基本论域和量化因子且采用改进的模糊半主动控制方法进行振动控制时,阻尼器所需电压均小于一般模糊控制时所需电压.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.