乙草胺对泥鳅肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

为探讨低毒除草剂对水生生物的危害,用急性染毒法研究了0．125,0．250,0．500,1．000,2．000μL／L5个浓度组的乙草胺处理液在24,48,96h对泥鳅肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响．结果表明,在24和48h,处理液对泥鳅的半数致死浓度分别为4．7和4．4μL／L．不同浓度的乙草胺处理对泥鳅肝脏中SOD活性都具有诱导作用,因此可以用泥鳅肝脏中SOD活性变化作为水环境监测的生物学指标来评价水生生物的生态环境．     

丹参酮类化合物对醛糖还原酶抑制作用的研究

从西藏灵芝丹参的脂溶性提取物中分离出了12个丹参酮类化合物,并对这些化合物对牛晶状体醛糖还原酶的抑制作用进行了研究,结果表明丹参酮类化合物对醛糖还原酶均具有较强的抑制作用,其中带有半醌结构的丹参酮类化合物化合物S6、S7、S8、及S9对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用活性最强,IC50值分别为32.9μmol/L、36.5μmol/L、34.9μmol/L和39.6μmol/L。     

qPCR检测全反式维甲酸对人胚肺成纤维细胞α-SMA基因表达的影响

采用体外培养人胚肺成纤维细胞(HFL-I)的方法,应用qPCR技术检测全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞中α-SMA基因表达的影响.实验分为正常对照组、5μg/L TGF-β1组、10μmol/L ATRA组、5μg/L TGF-β1+0.1μmol/L ATRA组、5μg/L TGF-β1+1μmol/L ATRA组和5μg/L TGF-β1+10μmol/L ATRA组(TGF-β1和ATRA同时加入).处理24h后检测结果显示:与对照组细胞相比,TGF-β1诱导HFL-I中α-SMA基因表达明显上调(6.36倍).不同浓度ATRA干预后均可以明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的HFL-I中α-SMA基因表达(分别为正常组的3.89、1.94和1.42倍).以上结果表明,ATRA可以明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的α-SMA基因表达.ATRA对HFL-I细胞增殖和TGF-β1诱导分化的抑制作用可能是通过下调α-SMA基因表达实现的.     

氯化镧和氯化钆对小鼠免疫细胞作用的体外实验

通过MTT法研究了LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的作用.结果表明,GdCl3在0.001～10μmol/L浓度内均能促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,0.001～0.1μmol/L的LaCl3促进小鼠脾细胞的增殖,其他浓度没有影响;除0.1μmol/L浓度外,其他测试浓度下的LaCl3均促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖;0.001μmol/L的GdCl3抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖,0.01～1μmol/L时对小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖没有影响,10μmol/L时转而促进小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖.浓度为0.1μmol/L的LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖有抑制作用,其他测试浓度下均促进小鼠B淋巴细胞的增殖.作用时间为4 h时,0.001μmol/L的LaCl3对NK细胞的活性没有影响,其他浓度下的LaCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性,0.001～10μmol/L的GdCl3均能提高NK细胞的活性;作用时间为8 h时,0.001和0.01μmol/L的LaCl3显著降低NK细胞的活性,0.1和1μmol/L的LaCl3提高NK细胞的活性,当浓度为10μmol/L时对NK细胞的活性没有影响,1μmol/L的GdCl3降低NK细胞的活性,其他测试浓度均能提高NK细胞的活性.这提示LaCl3和GdCl3对小鼠免疫细胞的影响模式与其作用浓度、作用时间以及稀土元素的种类都是密切相关的.     

除草剂乙草胺抑制大鼠肝脏细胞肾上腺素能受体所介导的胞浆钙振荡（英文）

田间除草剂乙草胺施用之后非常容易进入地表水和地下水,河流溪水中乙草胺浓度可达纳摩尔水平,从而对水生生物产生长期影响.因职业关系而产生的皮肤暴露和吸入,可导致人血液乙草胺浓度达到微摩尔水平.对乙草胺体内动力学的研究,发现肝脏是乙草胺毒理作用的主要靶器官.已知在肝脏细胞多种生理功能中,钙离子发挥重要作用.本文研究在新鲜分离的大鼠肝脏细胞,乙草胺对肾上腺素能受体所介导胞浆钙振荡的可能影响.实验发现低浓度乙草胺(1、10μmol·L^-1)对苯丙肾上腺素所诱导钙振荡没有影响,但是高浓度(50、100、200μmol·L^-1)乙草胺在有些肝脏细胞可逆性抑制苯丙肾上腺素所诱导的胞浆钙振荡.在苯丙肾上腺素2次串联刺激之间短暂加入乙草胺(1、10、100μmol·L^-1),乙草胺对肝脏细胞基础钙浓度没有影响,也不影响第2次苯丙肾上腺素刺激所引发胞浆钙振荡.细胞免疫化学研究发现在新鲜分离的大鼠肝脏不同细胞,α1肾上腺素能受体密度存在明显差异.对固定的大鼠肝脏切片进行组织免疫化学检测,发现α1肾上腺素能受体在肝脏小叶的密度梯度分布：α1肾上腺...     

铁或铜胁迫下小麦幼苗根抗氧化体系的响应

为揭示小麦幼苗在Fe或Cu胁迫下的抗氧化反应机制,以宁春4号小麦为材料,比较了不同浓度(0,100,300,500μmol/L)Fe Cl3或Cu Cl2处理下幼苗根羟自由基(·OH)含量、抗氧化酶活性和多胺降解酶活性的变化.结果显示:Fe或Cu处理诱导小麦根·OH含量升高,且高浓度Cu处理下样品·OH含量高于相同浓度Fe处理的样品的.Fe或Cu处理对各种抗氧化酶活性有不同的影响:Fe诱导超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而Cu抑制该酶活性;Fe处理不影响过氧化物酶活性,而Cu诱导该酶活性升高;过氧化氢酶活性在Fe或Cu处理下均受到明显的抑制;Fe或Cu处理抑制谷胱甘肽还原酶活性;300,500μmol/L的Fe和100,300μmol/L的Cu诱导抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的升高.此外,不同浓度的Fe或Cu对多胺氧化酶(PAO)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和细胞壁过氧化物酶(cw-POD)活性均有明显的抑制作用.结果表明:Fe或Cu胁迫诱导对小麦根不同抗氧化酶产生不同的影响,最终导致小麦根·OH积累;PAO,DAO和cw-POD可能不参与Fe或Cu胁迫诱导的ROS积累.     

抑制剂存在下不同种群烟粉虱乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布及其与抗药性的关系

为了探讨烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci不同种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶敏感性差异及其与抗药性的关系,我们选用室内饲养的烟粉虱SUD-S敏感品系和6个田间抗性种群,采用酶标板酶动力学法测定了各品系(种群)乙酰胆碱酯酶对抑制剂的敏感性反应以及抑制剂存在时各抗性种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布。结果表明:在抑制剂浓度为300μmol/L时,敏感品系乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性基本上被完全抑制,可以明显地区分敏感品系与田间抗性种群。在抑制剂浓度为2000μmol/L时,各抗性种群个体乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布差异明显,其中ZZ-R种群和FZ-R种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布相似,大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分布在1.00～1.80mOD/min之间;SM-R种群和ND-R种群的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性频率分布也相似,大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分布在0.40～1.00mOD/min之间;LY-R和NP-R种群大部分个体的乙酰胆碱酯酶残余活性分别分布在1.00～1.60mOD/min和0.80～1.20mOD/min之间。各抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶高残余活性(大于1.00mOD/min)个体频率与对敌敌畏的抗性水平之间具有...     

烯菌酮对小鼠前列腺癌细胞增殖及其脂质过氧化物含量和抗氧化物酶活性的影响

为研究烯菌酮对小鼠前列腺癌(RM-1)细胞增殖及其脂质过氧化物和抗氧化物酶的影响,实验采用了四唑盐法(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT)检测了RM-1细胞增殖活力,采用比色法测定了其细胞内抗氧化物酶活性和脂质过氧化物(Maleic Dialdehyde,MDA)含量的改变。结果表明,0.01μmol/L、1μmol/L和100μmol/L三个浓度的烯菌酮作用24和48 h,RM-1细胞增殖活力均明显低于对照组。100μmol/L烯菌酮作用48 h,小鼠前列腺癌细胞中脂质过氧化物含量明显高于对照组及0.01μmol/L和1μmol/L两个浓度组。烯菌酮作用24、48和72 h,RM-1细胞中总超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性随烯菌酮浓度增加而增加,具有浓度依赖性。0.01μmol/L、1μmol/L和100μmol/L烯菌酮作用24 h时,RM-1细胞中过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性明显低于对照组,但随着烯菌酮浓度增加,CAT活性明显增加。100μmol/L烯菌酮作用48和72 h时,RM-1细胞中CAT活性明显高于其他三组。这说明,烯菌酮能抑制RM-1细胞增殖活力,促进其细胞内脂质过氧化物的含量和抗氧化物酶的活性。     

热锻炼与外源水杨酸对葡萄叶肉细胞膜脂过氧化的影响

以1年生赤霞珠葡萄（Vitis vinifera L．CV．Cabernet Sauviqnon）扦插苗为试材,研究了外源水杨酸和热锻炼对葡萄幼苗叶肉细胞膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明,热锻炼和外施水杨酸都能显著降低膜脂过氧化水平。热锻炼和喷施100μmol／L水杨酸后,葡萄叶肉细胞的丙二醛和O2^-含量显著降低,质膜相对透性明显减小,保护酶系SOD、CAT活性都明显升高。从而说明外施水杨酸和热锻炼有相似的提高抗热性的机制,可能通过提高葡萄叶肉细胞对膜脂过氧化的抗性来诱导其对胁迫的抗性。     

岩藻黄素对H2O2诱导斑马鱼衰老的抑制作用

通过研究岩藻黄素(Fucoxanthin, FUCO)对H₂O₂诱导斑马鱼(Barchydanio rerio)衰老的抑制作用,为FUCO药用价值研究和抗衰老药物研发提供理论基础。本研究采用H₂O₂诱导建立斑马鱼衰老模型,用岩藻黄素进行干预,测定斑马鱼胚胎存活率、体内SA-β-半乳糖苷酶活性、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde, MDA)含量、活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase, SOD)活性,探讨FUCO的抗衰老作用。结果显示,2 mmol/L的H₂O₂作用于斑马鱼胚胎96 h可诱导斑马鱼胚胎衰老;与衰老模型组(M)相比,4个FUCO处理组(2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0μmol/L)斑马鱼胚胎体内的SA-β-半乳糖苷酶活性均降低,MDA含量和ROS含量均明显下降,SOD活性均增高。本研究表明,浓度为2.5-15.0μmol/L时,FUCO对H_...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that