PCR技术检测α地中海贫血

应用PCR技术检测18例α地中海贫血，与常现实验室方法比较，结果提示：PCR技术具有快速、特异、灵敏度高的优点，适用于产前诊断、遗传病咨询．     

在食品检验中应用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)

聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,现已在医学工程、疾病诊断、遗传工程、考古学及法医学等领域得到广泛应用,由于该技术具有灵敏、特异、产量高、速操作简便和容易自动化等突出优点,因此,也被应用于食品检验.本文就PCR技术的原理及在食品卫生检验中的应用作一综述.     

PCR法对结核杆菌早期检测的评价

<正> 近年结核病的发病率呈上升趋势,因而结核杆菌的快速诊断给结核病的防治起了重大作用。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以其快速、敏感、特异等特点从众多结核杆菌检测方法中脱颖而出。我们同时用PCR法与直接涂片法对536例临床标本进行检测,其中54例用培养法进行了检测,对PCR技术在结核杆菌早期检测的价值进行评价,并对PCR假阳性结果产生的原因作初步分析。     

废水处理功能菌株FA-2的实时荧光定量PCR检测

FA-2是油脂化工废水处理系统中分离到的降解脂肪酸和脂肪胺的功能菌.本研究以大肠杆菌为参照菌,基于荧光定量PCR技术,建立了检测FA-2相对含量的荧光定量PCR方法.根据FA-2已知特异序列GENE2和大肠杆菌16 s rRNA基因序列GENE1分别设计合成特异引物和Tagman探针,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测各样本FA-2和E.coli 16 s rRNA基因的相对拷贝数,获得了FA-2及大肠杆菌的标准曲线.并比较这两种基因剂量之比例和混和的菌数比例之间的关系.结果表明混合菌液中FA-2的含量与CtGENE2与CtGENE1的差值ΔCt呈线性关系,由此可以推算出模板DNA的数量及对应的细菌数量.荧光定量检测结果与直接计数结果基本一致.该方法的建立,为进一步在废水处理系统中应用FQ-CR检测功能菌的含量打下基础.     

实时荧光反转录PCR检测呼吸道合胞病毒

目的 建立快速、准确、特异的实时荧光反转录PCR方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV).方法 根据RSV基因序列设计引物和探针并优化实时荧光反转录PCR反应体系,对686例临床标本进行检测,阳性结果测序验证.结果 本实验所建立实时荧光反转录PCR方法可准确、特异地检测RSV;686名呼吸道感染患儿中RSV感染达到16.5%(113/686).结论 本研究建立的RSV实时荧光反转录PCR方法快速、准确,结果可靠,可用于儿童RSV感染的临床诊断.     

赤潮藻毒素检测研究进展(综述)

有害赤潮及含赤潮毒素生物对海洋水产养殖业和海洋食品进而对海洋生物、人、畜等构成极大的威胁和危害，甚至造成人类中毒死亡。所以，建立特异、灵敏的检测方法对于减少危害是十分必要的。赤潮藻毒素的检测常规方法－－生物法和化学法；新的方法有神经受体结合检测技术、细胞毒性检测技术、免疫学检测技术等。免疫学检测技术是利用抗原抗体反应的特异性来检测毒素，其优点是经济、快速、高效、特异，常用竞争法免疫检测、“三明治”法检测等。     

动物性食品中沙门氏菌检测技术研究进展

从传统检测技术、免疫学检测技术和PCR检测技术三个方面,对沙门氏菌检测技术研究进展做了综述。重点阐述了免疫学检测技术和PCR检测技术快速、安全、高效的优点．     

抗伊氏锥虫单克隆抗体的研究——三、应用酶标单抗ELlSA竞争法检测抗T.e.抗体的实验研究

应用酶标单抗(HRP-MCAbⅡG_6)ELISA竞争法对7只感染伊氏锥虫的家兔血清进行了检测,结果表明该法具有特异、敏感、快速等优点.与间接ELISA检测结果相比呈现明显的正相关,两种方法检测相符合,因此本法可作为流行病学调查和血清学诊断的工具.     

用PCR方法检测土壤中类鼻疽假单胞菌的研究

目的建立一种灵敏、特异的检测土壤中类鼻疽假单胞菌的聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法.方法用类鼻疽假单胞菌鞭毛蛋白的基因作引物,用PCR扩增的方法检测6种土壤中不同浓度的类鼻疽假单胞菌和3个假单胞菌属的3种对照菌.结果用鞭毛蛋白基因作引物的PCR方法具有高灵敏度,其他3种对照结果阴性.结论用类鼻疽假单胞菌鞭毛蛋白基因作引物建立的PCR方法为检测土壤中类鼻疽假单胞菌提供了科学依据.     

一种快速检测蛋鸡沙门氏菌的方法

为检测蛋鸡泄殖腔拭子中沙门氏菌,在基础培养基BPW的基础上,优化出了培养仅需6 h的选择性增菌液SEM;并根据蛋鸡泄殖腔拭子中的非沙门氏菌干扰菌种类,设计了沙门氏菌特异性检测引物hilAP3.结果表明：1)低数量(1~5 CFU/50mL)沙门氏菌在优化后的一步法选择性增菌液SEM中培养6 h 后,其生长量可达103 CFU/mL 以上,可满足 PCR方法的检测限(102 CFU/mL);2)hilAP3引物能排除蛋鸡泄殖腔拭子中的非目标菌的干扰,特异地检测其中的沙门氏菌;3)建立的SEM增菌6 h与hilAP3特异引物PCR联用的方法检测灵敏度为1~5 CFU/50mL,准确率为100%.因此,该研究中建立的优化增菌液与PCR联用法能在9h内完成沙门氏菌的检测,其灵敏度和特异性高,可应用于蛋鸡场的沙门氏菌检测.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal formation of crucifer leaf mustard induced by flavonoids apigenin and daidzein

Flavonoids from legume root secretion may probably act as signal molecules for expression of Rhizobial “nod” nodulation genes and AM fungal symbiotic gene. Leaf mustard is a non-mycorrhizal plant; it does not contain flavonoids and other signal molecules. AM fungi could not infect the roots of leaf mustard and form a symbiont in nature,when it was treated with flavonoids (apigenin or daidzein).The results of trypan blue staining showed that two kinds of AM fungi (G intraradices and G mosseae) successfully infected the roots of non-mycorrhizal plant leaf mustard. AM fungi grew towards and colonized the roots of leaf mustard,producing young spores and completing the course of life.AM fungi are the only one kind of fungi with ALP activity.The result of ALP staining has also proved that AM fungi infected successfully the roots of leaf mustard. AM fungi (G intraradices and G mosseae) that existed in the roots of non-mycorrhizal plant leaf mustard were probed by nested PCR and special molecular probes. The above-mentioned proof chains have fully proved that flavonoids induced AM fungi (G intraradices and G mosseae) to infect non-mycorrhizal plant and establish symbiotic relationship.     

马铃薯脱毒苗的主要病毒检测

为了提高马铃薯脱毒种薯的质量,使其从根本上不含有马铃薯主要病毒,对马铃薯脱毒苗的质量检测尤为重要。本文应用国际通用的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验方法,对6个品种的96份脱毒苗进行了6种病毒检测。检测结果表明共有20份材料不含有6种主要病毒,能够应用于马铃薯的脱毒种薯生产。检测结果还表明在脱毒苗中PVS的含有率最高,应提高脱除马铃薯S病毒的技术水平。     

用分子探针探测两种AM真菌在同一宿主植物根内的侵染

两种AM菌根真菌(G．intraradices和G．mosseae)混合接种于同一宿主植物紫云英中，通过Trypan blue染色检测了AM真菌在紫云英根中的存在，并通过nested PCR和特异性的分子探针，探测了Gintraradices和G．mosseae对紫云英同一根段的侵染。     

Release of invasive plants from fungal and viral pathogens

Invasive plant species both threaten native biodiversity and are economically costly, but only a few naturalized species become pests. Here we report broad, quantitative support for two long-standing hypotheses that explain why only some naturalized species have large impacts. The enemy release hypothesis argues that invaders' impacts result from reduced natural enemy attack. The biotic resistance hypothesis argues that interactions with native species, including natural enemies, limit invaders' impacts. We tested these hypotheses for viruses and for rust, smut and powdery mildew fungi that infect 473 plant species naturalized to the United States from Europe. On average, 84% fewer fungi and 24% fewer virus species infect each plant species in its naturalized range than in its native range. In addition, invasive plant species that are more completely released from pathogens are more widely reported as harmful invaders of both agricultural and natural ecosystems. Together, these results strongly support the enemy release hypothesis. Among noxious agricultural weeds, species accumulating more pathogens in their naturalized range are less widely noxious, supporting the biotic resistance hypothesis. Our results indicate that invasive plants' impacts may be a function of both release from and accumulation of natural enemies, including pathogens.     

Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.

Plants cannot move to escape environmental challenges. Biotic stresses result from a battery of potential pathogens: fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects intercept the photosynthate produced by plants, and viruses use replication machinery at the host's expense. Plants, in turn, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to perceive such attacks, and to translate that perception into an adaptive response. Here, we review the current knowledge of recognition-dependent disease resistance in plants. We include a few crucial concepts to compare and contrast plant innate immunity with that more commonly associated with animals. There are appreciable differences, but also surprising parallels.     

公路旁树木根际土壤过氧化氢酶活性的调查

该文对净月区公路旁树林内不同地点不同树木的根际土壤,应用滴定法测定其过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明树林里不同地点不同植物根际土壤中过氧化氢酶活性存在较大差异。     

大樱桃脱毒及检测技术研究进展

简要阐述了大樱桃病毒病的危害,对其脱毒方法及检测技术进行了详细的论述．目前常用的脱毒方法包括茎尖培养、热处理和化学处理;常用的病毒检测方法有指示植物法、酶联免疫法和分子生物学技术．     

An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus accelerates decomposition and acquires nitrogen directly from organic material

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (order Glomales), which form mycorrhizal symbioses with two out of three of all plant species, are believed to be obligate biotrophs that are wholly dependent on the plant partner for their carbon supply. It is thought that they possess no degradative capability and that they are unable to decompose complex organic molecules, the form in which most soil nutrients occur. Earlier suggestions that they could exist saprotrophically were based on observation of hyphal proliferation on organic materials. In contrast, other mycorrhizal types have been shown to acquire nitrogen directly from organic sources. Here we show that the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis can both enhance decomposition of and increase nitrogen capture from complex organic material (grass leaves) in soil. Hyphal growth of the fungal partner was increased in the presence of the organic material, independently of the host plant.     

Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms.

Multicellular organisms live, by and large, harmoniously with microbes. The cornea of the eye of an animal is almost always free of signs of infection. The insect flourishes without lymphocytes or antibodies. A plant seed germinates successfully in the midst of soil microbes. How is this accomplished? Both animals and plants possess potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides, which they use to fend off a wide range of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. What sorts of molecules are they? How are they employed by animals in their defence? As our need for new antibiotics becomes more pressing, could we design anti-infective drugs based on the design principles these molecules teach us?     

一株茶树内生放线菌的分离鉴定及抗菌活性测定

从茶树内生真菌芒果球座菌(Guignardia mangiferae)的菌落表面分离获得1株放线菌菌株BF-01,通过形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析及抗菌活性测定,初步鉴定该菌株为卡伍尔链霉菌(Streptomycescavourensis).对其代谢产物进行了抑菌活性的初步研究,发现该菌发酵产物对除1株木霉外的7株茶树内生真菌及6株植物病原真菌均表现出不同程度的抑制作用.其发酵液氯仿萃取物对供试的5种病原细菌、1种白假丝酵母菌有较明显的抑制作用,对2种植物病原真菌的孢子萌发也有较强的抑制作用,表明菌株BF-01及其代谢产物具有广谱的抑菌活性.